Senftenberg
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 31 ' N , 14 ° 0' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Oberspreewald-Lausitz | |
| Height : | 102 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 127.56 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 23,895 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 187 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 01945 (Peickwitz) 01968 (Brieske, Großkoschen, Niemtsch, Sedlitz, Senftenberg) 01996 (Hosena) |
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| Primaries : | 03573, 035756 (Hosena, Peickwitz) | |
| License plate : | OSL, CA, SFB | |
| Community key : | 12 0 66 304 | |
| LOCODE : | DE SFT | |
| City structure: | 6 districts | |
City administration address : |
Markt 1 01968 Senftenberg |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Andreas Fredrich ( SPD ) | |
| Location of the city of Senftenberg in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district | ||
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Senftenberg , Zły Komorow in Lower Sorbian , is a medium- sized town in the south of Brandenburg . It is the district town of the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district and is located on the Schwarzen Elster and Senftenberger See , which is one of the largest artificially created lakes in Germany. Senftenberg itself is located in Lower Lusatia and is its fourth largest city, while some districts incorporated in 2001 are located in Upper Lusatia .
Since September 9, 2016 Senftenberg bears in the Lake Senftenberg bordering districts Senftenberg- core city , Großkoschen (with the community town of Kleinkoschen ) and Niemtsch the predicate state-approved recreation .
The city is located on the western edge of the official settlement area of the Sorbs / Wends .
geography
Geographical location
Senftenberg is located in the south of the state of Brandenburg in the border region with Saxony . While the core city, Brieske, Sedlitz as well as Groß- and Kleinkoschen belong to the Niederlausitz, Niemtsch, Peickwitz and Hosena are already in the Oberlausitz. The city lies on the Schwarzen Elster and Senftenberger See . Senftenberg and Hoyerswerda form the core of the Lusatian Lakeland . This is the future largest artificial lake district in Europe with a total extension from west to east of about 80 kilometers, from north to south (depending on the delimitation) between 32 and 40 kilometers.
Senftenberg is about 40 kilometers southwest of Cottbus and about 60 kilometers north of Dresden .
The urban area is part of the Ruhland-Königsbrücker Heide and thus belongs to the landscape of the Upper Lusatian Heideland .
Neighboring cities and towns
The Senftenberg neighboring cities and communities from the northeast, west to south, belong to the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district. The northern neighboring town of Senftenberg is Großräschen , but separated by the resulting Großräschener See . In the northeast, the municipality borders New Zealand of the Office Altdoebern and in the northwest the town Schipkau on. The neighboring town to the west is Schwarzheide , and the town of Ruhland and the Ruhland district are in the southwest . To the south is the community Hohenbocka , which also belongs to the Ruhland office.
In the southeast and east there are already Saxon towns and communities in the Bautzen district , so in the east the community Elsterheide with the districts Geierswalde and Klein Partwitz and in the southeast the town Lauta with its districts. Geierswalde and Klein Partwitz are located on the lakes named after them, the Geierswalder and the Partwitzer See , which arise from former opencast mines.
geology
The Senftenberg urban area is located on a sand-covered slab on the Grauwackemantel of the Lusatian granite massif. This greywacke appears directly in some places and, together with the Koschenberg, forms the highest elevation in the Elsterniederung.
Senftenberg lies in the Lausitz glacial valley of the Black Elster, which is part of the Breslau-Magdeburg glacial valley. Since the second half of the 19th century, open- cast mining activities have completely redesigned the landscape of this glacial valley and the adjacent sand sand. The oldest rocks come from the young Precambrian and are around 600 to 700 million years old. These are metamorphic greywacke at a depth of 150 to 200 meters. Above that there is a shift gap that spans the ages from the Paleozoic to the Mesozoic . This is due to a lack of sedimentation or to erosion. In store tertiary sediments in which four lignite seams are incorporated. The youngest is the Lausitzer Oberflöz (1st Lusatian seam horizon), which has already been completely dismantled over the past 120 years. This seam had an average thickness of 22 meters. The Lusatian lower seam (2nd Lusatian seam horizon) has been cut into a large number of fields by Pleistocene erosion by the ice age meltwater. The 3rd Lusatian seam horizon is not very pronounced in the Senftenberg area; partly it consists only of silt . The fourth and oldest seam horizon is not mined due to its deep location. The Spremberg layers (light clays and coarse sands ) were deposited over this seam horizon . These were formed by the elevation and the onset of weathering of the Upper Lusatian mountainous region . The material removed was transported north into the tertiary sea that covered the area around Senftenberg. The lignite silt (3rd seam horizon) lies above the Spremberg strata and above it the Briesker strata. These are 30 to 40 meter high marine sediments ( mica sands ). These layers are covered by the second seam horizon, which is closed by the Rauno layers. The Rauno layers consist of light clay and quartz sand and were created by renewed uplifts in the Upper Lusatian highlands further south. Above it lay the youngest coal seam, which was covered by Pleistocene sands with a thickness of 10 to 15 meters.
climate
The city of Senftenberg is located in the cool, temperate climate zone , but a transition to the continental climate is already noticeable. The annual mean temperature is 9.1 ° C. The warmest month is July with an average of 18.8 ° C. The coldest month is January with an average of −0.7 ° C. The difference between the maximum and the minimum, the amplitude, is 19.5 ° C (all data: average for the years 1961–1990).
The mean amount of precipitation is 47.7 millimeters per month. Most of the precipitation falls in August with an average of 66.2 mm, the least in February with an average of 32.8 mm. There is precipitation all year round, but it is heavier on average in summer. The climate is therefore humid . However, especially in the summer months, pronounced dry phases often occur. The annual precipitation of only 572.4 mm is below the German average of 700 mm, but within the typical values for Brandenburg.
City structure
The following districts, inhabited parts of the municipality and places to live belong to the city of Senftenberg (official Lower Sorbian names in brackets):
- Brieske (Brjazki)
- Großkoschen (Kóšyna) with the municipality part of Kleinkoschen (Kóšynka)
- Hosena (Hóznja)
- Niemtsch (Nimješk)
- Peickwitz (Tśikojce)
- Sedlitz (Sedlišćo)
In addition, there are the residential areas Expansion, Brieske Dorf (Brjazki Wjas) , Buchwalde (Bukojna) , Hostenmühle (Hozdny Młyn) , Koboldmühle (Kobołtowy Młyn) and weekend house areas Waldeck.
The former suburbs Buchwalde, Jüttendorf , Thamm and Neusorge, which were incorporated into the urban area until the middle of the 20th century, have merged . The former residential areas Brieske Ost (Brjazki Pódzajtšo) , Laugkfeld (Ług) , Peickwitz Flur (Na Tśikojskich) and settlement (Sedlišćo) are also no longer officially managed.
history
Place name
The name of the city is derived from the Middle High German word for "gently on the mountain", as the city was surrounded by hills and mountains, such as the Koschenberg in the southeast and the Raunoer mountains in the north; a name transfer by the settlers is also conceivable.
An older explanation for the name of the city, which is no longer valid today, is the derivation of “sumpftenburg”. The sub-words bog and castle were intended to explain the natural conditions of urban development. The castle , under whose protection the city developed, was surrounded by the Laugk and Haag swamps . The rivers Schwarze Elster, Storchelster and Wolschinka fed the swamps, so that Senftenberg was surrounded by water and swamps like an island.
The Sorbian name of Senftenberg is Zły Komorow . There are two possible translations for “Schlimmer Mückenort” and “Schlimme Kammer”. The first variant is due to Senftenberg's natural location in swamp areas and the associated high occurrence of mosquitoes (Old Sorbian komor, komar = "mosquito"). Variant two derives Komorow from chamber (Sorb. Komora, komorkaide) and in this case means “place of jurisdiction” or “court”.
history
Prehistory and early history
People already settled in the area around Senftenberg and in the Elstertal in the Neolithic Age . This is indicated by stone tools that were found during excavation work in Schmiedestrasse.
Urn and humpback urn finds (e.g. on Koschenberg) indicate settlement during the Bronze and Early Iron Ages (900 to 500 BC). During opencast mining in Laugk in 1931, a ring wall with post houses from the last period of the early Iron Age was discovered. The settlement fragments are to be assigned to the Billendorfer type . This settlement was continuously inhabited by about 650 people. The excavations on Senftenberg's castle wall were directed by Alfred Götze from Berlin.
middle Ages
Senftenberg was founded in the course of the German settlement in the east . The Senftenberg settlement developed under the protection of a castle (today the castle of the fortress), which was built by German knights. The city was west of the castle complex and was laid out according to plan. It had a circular floor plan, the houses were arranged around the trapezoidal market square . The Via Regia Lusatiae Inferioris (Niederstrasse) ran through Senftenberg from west to east . Since the city was protected in the north and east by bodies of water (Schwarze Elster and Storchelster) and swamps (e.g. the Laugk), the city wall ran south and west of the city with a city gate in the east and west. The city gate in the west was called the Kreuztor and that in the east was called the castle gate. The name of the cross gate and the cross street leading from it to the market derive from the chapel Zum Heiligen Kreuz , which stood not far in the suburb of Jüttendorf .
The oldest verifiable mention of Senftenberg can be found in a document signed on October 6, 1279. This is now in the Brandenburg State Archives in Potsdam. In it, Margrave Heinrich the Illustrious certified that the Dobrilugk Monastery had acquired the village of Dobristroh from Otto von Schlieben . The location of the place is indicated with between civitatem Calowe et Sennftenberc . In 1301 Senftenberg was first referred to as oppidum et castrum . The inhabitants lived mainly from farming, fruit growing and viticulture as well as from fishing. The craftsmen (potters, coopers, linen weavers and basket makers) mainly produced for their own needs. The lowlands of the Black Elster allowed only poorly productive harvests. Therefore, the number of inhabitants in the Middle Ages was only between 300 and 400 inhabitants. The Senftenberg councilors were first mentioned in 1423. The city was divided into quarters, each quarter was headed by a quarter master or councilor. He represented the interests of his neighborhood in front of the council, ensured compliance with the urban order and took over the organization of his neighborhood in fire fighting or city defense.
In 1290 Johann and Konrad von Senftenberg are named as the first owners of the castle. After a short period of Brandenburg rule at the beginning of the 14th century, the city of Senftenberg, like all of Lusatia, was considered a Bohemian property from 1368 . Under the lords of Penzig and Gorenz, Senftenberg Castle was a robbery at the beginning of the 15th century . In 1413, the governor and later pledge holder (from 1422) of Niederlausitz, Hans von Polenz , took over the place with the entire margravate. Hans von Polenz had owned a part of Senftenberg since 1406, he put an end to robber baronism. When the Hussites invaded Niederlausitz on their campaigns, Senftenberg was spared looting in 1431. Hans von Polenz's relative, Nickel von Polenz (who was the guardian of the sons of Bailiff Hans von Polenz, who died in 1437), sold the town and rule of Senftenberg to the Wettins under Duke Friedrich II in 1448 . After that the place belonged to Saxony for almost 400 years .
In 1453 the wife of the Saxon Elector Frederick the Meek Margaretha of Austria confirmed to Senftenberg the right to hold a fair in front of Sankt Galli (October 16).
Early modern age
The Saxon electors had the old castle expanded into a more modern defensive system based on the Italian model under the governor Hans von Dehn-Rothfelser and the Italian Count Rochus von Lynar .
The Reformation in Senftenberg began in 1539. In 1550 the Elector enfeoffed the Saxon Minister Georg von Carlowitz with the office of Senftenberg. He had a wooden tube run that supplied the Senftenberg wells with drinking water. The water came from the vineyards north of Senftenberg from the Soienza parcel near the village of Sauo to Senftenberg. The tube ride lasted until the 19th century. The oldest surviving depiction of Senftenberg and the castle dates back to 1628. It is a pen drawing made by the Saxon master builder Wilhelm Dilich .
In 1512 a town hall is mentioned for the first time as the seat of the governor Dehn-Rothfelser. The city fires in 1641 and 1670 destroyed this town hall. After another city fire damaged the new town hall, which was built in 1680, in 1717, its remains were removed in the same year and a small, unadorned council building was erected. During the Thirty Years' War , the castle gate and parts of the city wall had to be demolished by order of the Elector in 1642 for strategic reasons.
In the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries, numerous catastrophes hampered Senftenberg's development. Large fires (1509, 1512, 1525, 1530, 1641, 1670 and 1717) completely destroyed the city several times. The plague that u. a. erupted in 1567 and 1630, the city's population decimated. The population suffered from the great wars of that time. During the Thirty Years' War, Swedish troops billeted in Senftenberg. In 1641 there was a small battle with the Swedes in the Soienza near Sauo, in which 15 Senftenbergers died. In the years 1679 and 1686, the inhabitants suffered from severe periods of drought . During the Northern War , more troops were billeted, so in 1704/1705 Russian and 1706/1707 Swedish troops. In the Seven Years' War the city suffered again from contributions and billeting; The worst was a three-day Prussian field camp with 46,000 men on the Senftenberger Feldmark.
During the Wars of Liberation , not far from the Old Cemetery, a scouting battle broke out between hussars from the Hellwig Freikorps and troops of the French Marshal Ney .
From the Congress of Vienna to industrialization
As a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Wettins lost the Saxon Senftenberg office to Prussia . At the end of the 19th century and throughout the 20th century, the city experienced enormous growth through lignite mining , which took place first underground and then above ground. The black elster with its biodiversity in the floodplains was forced into the north flowing bed of the Sornoer Elster through the opencast mining ; By lowering the groundwater level, the swampy lowlands near the groundwater were drained.
During the separation , the land in Senftenberg was distributed in such a way that each arable farmer got a piece of arable land, meadow and forest. The separation was completed under the term of office of Mayor Moritz Blankenberg (term of office: 1845–1889). The fields were in the north-west and south-west of the city in the district by the windmill and in the Dubina . The meadows were east and northeast of the city in the marshland of Laugk . The names of the parcels are partly of Sorbian origin and indicate natural features, such as Dubina, a place where oaks grow, and Laugk, the reputation of the frogs. In the Laugk, the farmers cut peat . There were canals running through it. With barges (similar to the Spreewald barges ) the farmers were able to transport their goods to the market on these canals. In the north of the city were the Senftenberg vineyards . In addition to the arable farmers, there were also craftsmen in Senftenberg. The most common craft was tanning . This was due to the sheep farming practiced in Niederlausitz and was also favored by the large amounts of clean water that was needed for the tanning trade. Because of the water there were numerous dyers .
Lignite was discovered near Senftenberg around 1860. The Senftenberg mill master Heinrich Schönerstedt had the Heinrich shaft sunk in April 1866 . The lignite was extracted underground in piers . The Henkel coal works in Senftenberg acquired the shaft and other deposits in the Rauno plateau in 1869. In the same year, the Emilia conveyor tunnel of the Henkel works began operations. In the following years, pits and briquette factories started their activity. With the opening of opencast mines, civil engineering, which was dominant until the First World War, lost its importance. In 1906, Ilse Bergbau AG opened the Marga opencast mine near Brieske and began mining the lignite from the Lausitzer Untermez.
In the 1870s, Senftenberg was connected to the railway network due to the needs of the opencast mine . The station building was built in 1869 in the north of the city, which means that the city expanded in this direction over the old town ring. On the Kreischaussee, which was later expanded from 1852 to 1856, later Bahnhofstrasse , the first gardens and houses were built some distance away. The adjacent Laugk was drained by the laying of the Black Elster; this gained further settlement land. At that time Bahnhofstrasse was still surrounded by canals. In 1899 these ditches were filled in due to the falling groundwater. In the years 1882/83 an imperial post office was built on Bahnhofstrasse. In the 1920s, residential buildings emerged on Bahnhofstrasse, displacing the gardens. The street was planted with trees and turned into a magnificent avenue. As the city expanded, the old city fortifications had lost their importance and were gradually being torn down; For example, the Kreuztor was removed in 1848 because a carter got stuck in it with his car the year before.
Under Mayor Karl Ziehm (term of office: 1896–1913) the streets were paved; Senftenberg got a connection to the gas network and a new water supply. The courthouse was inaugurated in May 1910. Mayor Emil Kieback (term of office: 1913–1917) planned the sewerage system , this project was implemented by his successor Albert Seedorf (term of office: 1918–1930). Under Seedorf, bus services were also set up for the city and Senftenberg was connected to the Berlin – Vienna telephone line . The area around Senftenberg Castle was expanded into a city park from 1912 .
Industrialization and the associated influx of foreign workers almost completely displaced the previously predominant Sorbian language .
In 1928 the council passed the resolution to expand the town hall, built in 1717, with a new building. The tower button with a diameter of 35 centimeters was put on in September 1928. The building was inaugurated on January 1, 1929.
National Socialism and World War II
Mayor Herrmann Lindemann (formerly SPD) had to resign on March 30, 1933, and Erich Beiche took over his office on a temporary basis.
After the suburbs of Jüttendorf and Thamm in the west and north-west were incorporated, Senftenberg expanded to the south-west in the 1930s. The bird settlement in the southwest and the settlement at Beim Kreuzchen in the west of the city emerged. In the north-east of the city, the Hallesche Pfänkeit mined lignite in the drained Laugkfeld.
At the beginning of the National Socialist era , the SA set up the Senftenberg concentration camp in the gym of the former secondary school in Schulstrasse , where more than 265 opponents of the Nazis from the KPD , the SPD and the trade unions were interned and tortured. On November 9, 1938 , in Senftenberg, as in many other German cities, Jewish citizens were attacked and shops were looted. Some of the people were driven to the market square and were subjected to physical assault and abuse. A tragic example is the lawyer Rudolf Reyersbach. He was dragged from his house across Bahnhofstrasse to the market and kicked while lying on the ground. He died in the police station as a result of the attack. In memory of him, the street he lived on was named after him during the GDR era. It still bears his name today. Others, like Saul Rosenzweig, were deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp .
During the Second World War , a subcamp of the Groß-Rosen concentration camp was set up in the Großkoschen district on the site of the Koschenberg in 1944 , occupied by 600 to 800 prisoners who lived under inhumane conditions and had to dismantle planes and parts of planes that had been shot down. The death rate was high. A memorial on the south side of Lake Senftenberg has been commemorating the dead since 1977 .
On April 20, 1945 at 5:00 p.m. Senftenberg, which had been declared a fortress, was under Soviet artillery fire . At dawn on April 21, 1945, the Red Army ( 1st Ukrainian Front under Marshal Konev ) entered the city. Senftenberg was taken without a fight. Unfortunately, Soviet soldiers had an accident in the early morning darkness in the submerged open-cast mines. The Soviet commanding officer ordered the interruption of food trade and distribution for a number of days equal to the number of Soviet soldiers who had died. Ernst Sauer created a memorial for the fallen Soviet soldiers on the west side of the New Cemetery . It represents a flower that is protected by bayonets . The effects of the war destroyed 53 buildings, including the dome of the Peter and Paul Church. Kreuzstrasse and Bahnhofstrasse were hardest hit by the war damage. Most of the houses on Bahnhofstrasse were set on fire by released prisoners of war who were now retreating, out of anger over the reprisals they had suffered. 861 Senftenbergers died in the Second World War, and 625 returned home disabled. Together with the Red Army, members of an initiative group of the National Committee Free Germany (the Ackermann Initiative Group ) came to Senftenberg. It was the German anti-fascists Hans Weiß and Rudolf Rutzen who immediately took over the management of the city administration and established an anti-fascist-democratic order in Senftenberg.
Post-war until today
Immediately after the Second World War, the Senftenbergers began to rebuild the partially destroyed city. Two kindergartens opened on June 1, 1945 and the first schools opened in October. The working capacity of the deliberately flooded opencast mines was restored and lignite could be extracted again as early as December 1945. Cultural life was revived; Thus, on the orders of the first district and city commandant, Soviet Colonel Ivan Demjanowitsch Soldatow, the Senftenberg City Theater (later renamed "Miners' Theater") was founded in the gymnasium and auditorium of the Walther Rathenau School. In particular, the then City Councilor for Culture, Hans Weiß , did a great job of founding and taking the first steps in the theater. The theater company used the former Senftenberg amateur theater group. In 1947 the mining engineering school was founded, later the engineering school for mining and energy "Ernst Thälmann", which still exists today as the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg . On March 24, 1946, the two workers' parties KPD and SPD merged to form the SED in the Senftenberg Society House .
In the 1950s and 1960s, the Senftenberg urban area expanded to the west. New residential areas arose around the engineering school; in the direction of Brieske, further residential areas were built around today's Bertolt-Brecht- Strasse and Johannes-R.-Becher- Strasse.
In 1950 Senftenberg became the district town of the Calau district , which was renamed Senftenberg . With the creation of the districts in 1952 and the reorganization of the districts, Senftenberg and the district of the same name belonged to the Cottbus district . Lignite mining remained an industrial engine. Some parts of the city in the north and neighboring places (such as Rauno, Reppist and Sauo) were dredged in the course of open-cast lignite mining. Not far from the former Laugkfeld, new apartments were built for the residents of these devastated places. The charred opencast mines were recultivated, so in 1962 the 1.2 hectare Laugkfeldkippe was planted with trees.
Senftenberg experienced a strong population increase through the promotion of lignite and the associated influx of workers. In the 1970s and 1980s, numerous other new development areas , polytechnic high schools , kindergartens and crèches were built . Between 1980 and 1986 houses with a total of 3,055 apartments were built. These were the residential areas "Am See" in the southwest of the city and "Süd" in the south. The expansion towards the south was limited by the resulting Senftenberger See. Due to the population decline after the political change, the housing associations are forced to demolish or renovate a large number of these apartments .
In 1976 the old town hall building was demolished, only the new building from 1928 remained. The open space was used as a green area. The various parts of the city administration were spread all over the city until a modern new town hall building ended this situation in the 1990s. The groundbreaking ceremony for the new construction of this modern town hall took place on August 7, 1996.
The peaceful demonstrations in the fall of 1989 began on October 25, 1989 on the grounds of the Catholic Church.
On June 18, 1990, Klaus-Jürgen Graßhoff took office as the first freely elected mayor since 1933.
Since the district reform in 1993 , Senftenberg has been the district town of the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district.
1999 introduced the open pit Meuro the last Senftenberg surface mining the coal one. The district and university town of Senftenberg is currently trying to develop into the tourist center of the Lusatian Lake District . In 2004 the city celebrated its 725th anniversary.
In 2009 the city received the title “ Place of Diversity ” awarded by the federal government .
At the end of July 2018, a used tire store began to burn in two places and developed a major fire on an area of 5000 m 2 .
Incorporations
With the expansion of the city of Senftenberg in the course of industrialization at the beginning of the 20th century, the upstream towns were incorporated. A second wave of incorporation was caused by the renewed growth of Senftenberg, when the city developed into the energy center of the GDR in the 1970s. The third and so far last wave of incorporation took place at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, as both Senftenberg and the surrounding towns had to contend with falling populations. One of the goals was to streamline administration.
- around 1920: incorporation of Neusorge
- 1920: incorporation of Thamm
- 1923: incorporation of Jüttendorf
- July 1, 1950: incorporation of Buchwalde
- January 1, 1974: incorporation of Hörlitz , Rauno and Reppist (May 6, 1990 spin-off of Hörlitz / Senftenberg-West)
- March 1, 1997: Sedlitz incorporated
- December 31, 2001: Integration of the municipalities of the Am Senftenberger See office - Brieske , Großkoschen with the municipality part of Kleinkoschen , Hosena , Niemtsch and Peickwitz
population
Population development
From the second half of the 19th century, there was rapid population growth. This was triggered by the influx of workers as a result of lignite mining , industrialization and the associated economic upturn. The political decision of the GDR in the 1970s to use lignite as the main energy source also led to a further increase in the population. But since German reunification in 1990, lignite has lost its previous importance. The city has had to face a huge structural change in recent years. This could not take place in an orderly manner. Many residents left and are still leaving their homes. The proportion of young people who emigrate from the region after completing their schooling is particularly high. Due to the incorporation of the surrounding villages in the course of the municipal reform , the number of inhabitants increased significantly in 2001.
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1300 | 400 |
| 1474 | 600 |
| 1555 | 900 |
| 1575 | 918 |
| 1680 | 1,150 |
| 1806 | 979 |
| 1818 | 819 |
| 1858 | 1,517 |
| 1867 | 1,638 |
| 1875 | 2,847 |
| 1890 | 5.134 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1910 | 13,742 |
| 1925 | 17,472 |
| 1933 | 17,803 |
| 1939 | 17,566 |
| 1946 | 17,783 |
| 1950 | 18,260 |
| 1964 | 24.053 |
| 1971 | 24,367 |
| 1981 | 32.005 |
| 1985 | 32,278 |
| 1989 | 31,580 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1990 | 29,622 |
| 1991 | 28,840 |
| 1992 | 28,470 |
| 1993 | 28,123 |
| 1994 | 27,637 |
| 1995 | 27,336 |
| 1996 | 26,647 |
| 1997 | 27,109 |
| 1998 | 26,424 |
| 1999 | 25,576 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2000 | 24,740 |
| 2001 | 30,539 |
| 2002 | 29,957 |
| 2003 | 29,474 |
| 2004 | 29,136 |
| 2005 | 28,774 |
| 2006 | 28,071 |
| 2007 | 27,515 |
| 2008 | 27,029 |
| 2009 | 26,521 |
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 2010 | 26,530 |
| 2011 | 25,388 |
| 2012 | 25,061 |
| 2013 | 24,987 |
| 2014 | 24,743 |
| 2015 | 24,625 |
| 2016 | 24,773 |
| 2017 | 24,558 |
| 2018 | 24,275 |
| 2019 | 23,895 |
Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
language
The Lower Lusatian dialect is spoken in Senftenberg , which belongs to the Lusatian dialects , which in turn are part of the East Central German dialect group . Until the end of the 19th century, Sorbian ( Senftenberg dialect ) was the language of the simple rural population and the inhabitants of the surrounding villages in addition to the German language . With the advancement of industrialization, the language was almost completely displaced. In 1880 the last Lower Sorbian sermon took place in the Wendish Church. However, the language was retained in terms of field names and place names (for example, wetlands Laugk, Mutzk and Haag; river names Schwarze Elster ; place names Großkoschen , Hosena , Brieske ). Bilingual signage was also common in Senftenberg until the 1980s. In 2010 the first Lower Sorbian church service took place after 130 years. Since 2013 there has been a local branch of the Domowina in Senftenberg , which has dedicated itself to maintaining the Sorbian language and culture in the city. Since 2017, the city has again been part of the official settlement area of the Sorbs / Wends in Brandenburg.
Religion and churches
Senftenberg was Catholic until the Reformation . Under Duke Heinrich the Pious , the Protestant faith was introduced in Senftenberg in 1539, as in all parts of Albertine Saxony. The main Protestant church was the Peter-Paul-Kirche on the market square , which was called the German Church in contrast to the Wendish Church .
Only with industrialization and the associated influx of industrial workers from other areas did the proportion of the Catholic population increase. The first Catholic service after the Reformation was held on November 20, 1887 in what was then the Hotel Baranius, not far from the train station. Soon after, a Catholic interim church was consecrated in the north of the city in Calauer Strasse. When this too soon became too small, the construction of a new church began. By the currency devaluation, however, the construction and delayed Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul was only on 25 May 1925 by the Wroclaw Bishop Valentin Wojciech consecrated .
In 1900, 4455 Protestants, 912 Catholics and six Jews lived in Senftenberg .
In addition to the two large churches in Senftenberg there is an Evangelical Free Congregation, the Seventh-day Adventist Community, the Regional Church Community and the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church (SELK). The SELK church is located not far from the old cemetery in the former suburb of Jüttendorf . It was consecrated as an old Lutheran church in 1900 . When this church was built, it stood in an open field, today it is surrounded by prefabricated buildings.
Today about 2300 Protestants live in Senftenberg, this corresponds to about 8% of the population. Senftenberg belongs to the deanery Lübben-Senftenberg of the Catholic diocese of Görlitz . There are no Jewish or Muslim communities in Senftenberg.
politics
City Council
The city council consists of 32 city councilors and the full-time mayor as a voting member. 10,903 citizens took part in the local elections on May 26, 2019, which corresponds to a turnout of 53.1% with 20,519 eligible voters. Each voter had three votes.
| Result of the local election on May 26, 2019 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction | SPD | AfD | CDU | The left | FW 1) | SFB 2) | WfS 3) | Green | Agsus 4) | FDP |
| be right | 7,652 | 5,735 | 5.132 | 4,205 | 2,186 | 1,948 | 1,466 | 1,384 | 1,238 | 719 |
| in percent | 23.9 | 18.2 | 16.3 | 13.3 | 6.9 | 6.2 | 4.6 | 4.4 | 3.9 | 2.3 |
| Seats | 7th | 5 | 4th | 4th | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Notes: 1 Free voters Oberspreewald-Lausitz 2 Free citizens vote 3 We for Senftenberg 4 Action group against social injustice Senftenberg
mayor
- 1990–2007: Klaus-Jürgen Graßhoff (CDU)
- since 2007: Andreas Fredrich (SPD)
Graßhoff left office in 2007 when he reached retirement age. On October 15, 2006 a new mayor was elected. Since none of the applicants achieved the required number of votes, there was a runoff between Andreas Fredrich (SPD) and Elke Löwe (Die Linke.PDS) on November 12, 2006. Fredrich, the city's first alderman, was elected with 73.6% of the valid votes. He took office in February 2007.
On September 14, 2014, Fredrich was confirmed in office for a further eight years with 76.6% of the valid votes. His only challenger René Markgraf (CDU) achieved 23.4%. The turnout was 50.5%.
coat of arms
The coat of arms was approved on January 21, 2002.
Blazon : “Fourth of silver and red; Field 1: a black mallet and a black iron crossed diagonally, field 4: a red flag waving to the left. "
Mallets and irons point to Senftenberg's history as a mining town. A five-pinned red crown adorns the shield on old coats of arms. This crown is said to represent the miner's crown that was part of the miners' clothing. However, this crown does not conform to the rules of heraldry and has therefore been removed.
Senftenberg's oldest seal is a speaking seal, it shows two mustard plants that grow to the left and right of a mountain or hill. In 1423 the Senftenberg councilors were allowed to use their own seal for the first time. After Senftenberg came to Saxony in 1449, new seals were introduced. The large city seal represents a tower with a closed portcullis, and a lion sits on the upper floor . On the tower roof is a flag with the crossed Saxon course swords as a symbol for the office of the arch marshal . A flag with course swords is depicted on the small secretion seal. These two seals were used until 1947. Today's coat of arms is based on a drawing by the then 2nd Mayor and City Councilor for Culture, Hans Weiß, from 1946. However, this still contained the miner's crown, which is no longer included in the coat of arms.
flag
The flag of the city shows the coat of arms of the city on a white flag background.
Town twinning
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Püttlingen in Germany ( Saarland ) since 1989 -
Nowa Sól (German: Neusalz on the Oder) in Poland since 1992 -
Senftenberg in Austria since 1993 -
Saint-Michel-sur-Orge in France since 1996 -
Veszprém in Hungary since 1996 -
Žamberk (Senftenberg in Bohemia ) in the Czech Republic since 1996 -
Fresagrandinaria in Italy since 2003
Senftenberg and the Saarland city of Püttlingen signed a German-German city partnership back in 1989 during the GDR era. This partnership was confirmed in May 1991, after the reunification of Germany, through renewed resolutions by the Püttlingen city council and the Senftenberg city council.
The town twinning with the Polish city of Nowa Sól was concluded in 1992. There is cooperation mainly in the areas of culture, sport and youth exchanges.
A town partnership has existed for the municipality of the same name in Senftenberg in Lower Austria since 1993. The market town with around 2,000 inhabitants is located in the lower Kremstal . The castle ruins are the landmark of the town, which is primarily known for its wine-growing. The two cities often appear together at tourism fairs.
In 1996, Senftenberg and Püttlingen and their partner cities Nowa Sól, Saint-Michel-sur-Orge, Veszprém and Žamberk founded a European city alliance that is unique to this day, which was expanded in 2003 with the addition of Fresagrandinaria.
The German name of the Czech twin town Žamberk is also "Senftenberg". Žamberk is also called the “gateway to the Eagle Mountains ”. The French city of Saint-Michel sur Orge is 25 kilometers south of Paris. About 20,000 people live in Saint-Michel sur Orge. The Hungarian Veszprém is located on the north bank of Lake Balaton and is the capital of the county of the same name. About 65,000 people live in Veszprém. The Italian city Fresagrandinaria is Senftenberg's smallest partner municipality with around 1,100 inhabitants. In 2003 Fresagrandinaria hosted a multi-day conference of the mayors of the “European City Alliance for Cultural and Youth Exchange”. At this meeting, the alliance was officially expanded to include Fresagrandinaria.
Sights and culture
Buildings, squares and parks
The historic old town center has developed around the city's market . The adjacent buildings from different stylistic epochs were painstakingly reconstructed after the fall of the Wall. The southern front of the market, which had previously been designed with green spaces, was closed in September 1998 by the new town hall with Ratskeller and café and in 1999 by the savings bank complex. A special feature is the very steep roof of the old town hall building from 1929, which is connected to the modern town hall building. The roof slope is 72.9 degrees. The newly built town hall was awarded the Brandenburg State Architecture Prize in 1999.
One of the dominant buildings on the north side of the market is the Adler pharmacy, built in 1902 during the Wilhelmine era . This five-storey building breaks up the predominantly two-storey development of the market. The facade is richly decorated, including snakes and skulls as well as two larger than life eagles, which give the pharmacy its name. The pharmacy's business premises are on the ground floor. Senftenberg's first pharmacy was mentioned as early as 1680. The writer Erwin Strittmatter worked in the building from 1949 to 1951 as local editor for the Märkische Volksstimme .
On October 18, 2000, a replica of the Saxon post distance column was set up on the market . The original was on the market from 1731 and was dismantled in 1847 under Prussian rule. Only the original coat of arms has been preserved in the castle museum to this day.
From 1932 to 1998, there was a slim reinforced concrete light pole on the market . In the vernacular he was called Langer Herrmann in reference to Herrmann Lindemann, who was mayor's office at the time of construction.
To the east of the market is the church square with the Protestant Peter-Paul Church (also known as the German Church). This church was built in the 13th century in the Gothic style and has a magnificent reticulated vault .
The Wendische Kirche community center is located in the immediate vicinity of the Peter and Paul Church . After the renovation, the Wendish Church was reconstructed for around 400,000 euros. It was converted into a social and cultural meeting center and inaugurated on March 28, 2003.
The first Wendish church was built in Senftenberg after the Reformation in 1540. The structure had to be renewed several times after fires. The current building was erected in 1749. In 1834 the services had to be stopped because of dilapidation. In the following years the sacred building was renovated several times. The last Sorbian service for the time being was held in 1881. In 1993 the demolition of the church was planned, but the building was placed under monument protection and the facade was first renovated. Since 2010, services have been held in Lower Sorbian again . A sgraffito by the painter Günther Wendt from 1934 is attached to the eastern gable wall . It depicts Jesus on the cross. The sgraffito is damaged by bullet holes from the Second World War, these remain as a warning.
The old town center is bounded by the historical ring, which is formed from the Töpfer-, Salzmarkt-, Bader-, Ritter- and Burglehnstraße. The oldest buildings in Senftenberg are on Töpferstrasse.
To the south of the Altstadtring is the Neumarkt, which was redesigned in 2004 . It was converted from a large car park into a small park with an artificial river, a small playground and a fountain with bronze sculptures. The sculptures are by Ernst Sauer . They were presented to the public in 1983 and were to be set up as fountain games on the water on the south side of Neumarkt from 1984 . By building a transformer station at the planned location, the fountain was to be built on the northeast side. The planned heating route prevented this. The sculptures initially remained on the property of the artist's family. In 2004, when Neumarkt was redesigned, they were set up as a fountain ensemble, deviating from the artist's original design. The sculptures were cast in the Lauchhammer art foundry.
A part of the Senftenberg townscape was the Renaissance fortress, which was converted into a modern fortification from the middle of the 16th century until the 19th century . The fortress included the castle building, a commanders' and armory (indicated floor plan), the ramparts with postern and a secret waterfall, the casemates and the powder tower on the ramparts. The earth wall with its four bastions has been a building and ground monument since the end of the 19th century . It is unique in its shape and layout and thus has national status. The Senftenberg Castle and Fortress Museum is housed in the castle . On the outside wall of the castle is a memorial plaque for Hans von Polenz, the former bailiff of Lower Lusatia. The restoration of the entire structure began in 1991. The extensive construction and reconstruction measures were organized in accordance with the ongoing museum and event operations. Despite the renovation, various cultural events, concerts, lectures, museum nights and festivals as well as large special exhibitions took place. At the Glück-Auf-Festival of the Senftenberger Theater Neue Bühne in the 2007/2008 season, the fortress was used as a venue for the Fäuste production; so the Helenaakt from Faust II is represented here. The castle building with its annexes was used under Prussian rule as a school, rent office, court building and prison.
Today the fortress is surrounded by an extensive park, the castle park . From 1912, the palace gardens were laid out during Mayor Kieback's tenure. For this purpose, the remains of the former castle pond that surrounded the fortress were drained. The park still has its original trees today. In the castle park there is a memorial for gymnastics father Jahn , which was erected in 1911 by the Germania gymnastics club , as well as a memorial for the victims of fascism and militarism from 1962 by Ernst Sauer. The castle pond, which is optically divided into a large and small pond by an arch bridge, as well as an East Asian-looking pavilion make the castle park look romantic. The ponds are fed by canals, some of which run underground, and which, coming from the Black Elster, flow around the castle to the east and north.
The Senftenberg zoo is also located in the castle park and is delimited by the fortress ramparts and the Black Elster. On June 12, 1931, it was stocked with native animals, including roe deer and fallow deer . The entrance consisted of a semicircular half-timbered building with a hipped roof , which was used as a material store during and after the Second World War . On July 14, 1954, the zoo was reopened. In 1957 the bear enclosure was occupied by the two brown bears Puppi and Moritz. In 2012 the brown bears were relocated to a wildlife park. The population of native animals was supplemented by exotic specimens such as rhesus monkeys , meerkats and leopards .
Garden city of Marga
From an urban development perspective, the garden city of Marga in the Brieske district is of particular importance. Marga is a factory estate with a garden city character , which, due to its external appearance, competes with the Dresden district of Hellerau as the first German garden city. It was created between 1907 and 1915 as a high-quality factory settlement for Ilse Bergbau AG . In her architectural design, Marga is particularly influenced by Dresden reform architecture and elements of the late Art Nouveau . The architect of the settlement was Georg Heinsius von Mayenburg , 78 houses with around 15 different house types were built, in which officials and workers of Ilse Bergbau AG lived.
The houses are grouped on a circular settlement plan, in the center of which is a rectangular market square, which is surrounded by a school, church, cemetery, inn and commercial buildings. The buildings on the market are based on models of small-town architecture, while the settlement houses are more based on the motifs of rural and manorial architecture. The settlement was placed under monument protection in 1985 and renovated from 1998 to 2000.
Monuments
Remains of the former teaching mill have been erected not far from the castle park on the Schwarzen Elster since 1994 . These are the millet pound and parts of the oil passage. The mill stood between Schipkau and Schwarzheide from the beginning of the 17th century until 1955 . Originally, the Senftenberg official or castle mill was located at this point, which was located directly on the former castle pond. The mill worked at times with up to ten water wheels and was an oil , grinding, tampering, cutting , tale and fulling mill . The year of construction is unknown; it was built in stone as early as 1551. There was compulsory meal at this mill for the residents of Senftenberg and for the villages of Brieske , Buchwalde , Bückgen (devastated) , Hörlitz , Jüttendorf, Großkoschen , Kleinräschen (devastated) , Klettwitz , Lauta , Meuro , Rauno (devastated) , Reppist (devastated) , Saalhausen , Sorno (devastated) , Sauo (devastated) , Sedlitz and Thamm.
In the New Cemetery on Briesker Strasse there is a memorial stone for 41 mostly Polish forced laborers and a memorial for the resistance against the Kapp Putsch .
At the gym of the former secondary school (in the GDR POS I Arthur-Wölk ) in Schulstrasse, a plaque commemorates the anti-fascist Arthur Wölk, who was imprisoned with other comrades in what was then the protective custody camp of the SA .
Museums
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In the building of Senftenberg castle that's Museum castle and fortress Senftenberg housed. The exhibition uses finds and exhibits to illuminate people's lives in the Bronze Age and the Middle Ages, right up to the discovery of lignite and the beginning of industrialization. A model mine is shown in its original size in the museum. In 1907 Otto Mingau from Senftenberg began collecting historical objects in the powder turret on the castle's fortress. In the 1930s, Mingau was assigned parts of the palace for its collection by the city. After the Second World War, the museum was reopened in 1950 and Otto Mingau became the first museum director.
The sculpture "The Beggar" by Ernst Barlach is located in the inner courtyard of the museum . There is also an oak trunk found near Arnsdorf . The last recognizable annual ring is from the year 1163. The year 1183 (± ten years) is assumed as the felling date, so the oak trunk is the oldest evidence of woodworking in the region.
The museum includes the gallery at the castle in the Polenzhaus with changing exhibitions. It is located not far from the castle in the castle park. The Polenzhaus was built in 1937 on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Hans von Polenz's death. With its simple shapes, the two-storey building is stylistically based on the Senftenberg Palace; with a tower on the gable side, windows that are modeled on the Renaissance windows, and an arcade. On the gable side, a sgraffito by Günther Wendt depicts Hans von Polenz as the feudal lord of Lower Lusatia. In his hand he holds a flag on which the Niederlausitz bull is depicted.
In the district of Großkoschen there is the museum courtyard , a typical Senftenberg four-sided courtyard from 1864. The homestead is a listed building and is one of the last and very well-preserved farms in the region. It gives an insight into the historical economic forms of a farm around 1900. In addition to a variety of agricultural implements, the daily work on the farm can be experienced and viewed. The cultivation of old crops such as flax , buckwheat , woad and parsley as well as the keeping of domestic animal breeds threatened with extinction and their use, e.g. B. beekeeping are the focus. The farm includes a horse peg , a rural household milling and a bakery . The local historian Wilhelm Ratthey noticed during his hikes in the Senftenberg area that special farm forms are particularly common. He distinguished six different types. The term Senftenberger Vierseitenhof comes from Ratthey. The courtyards were mostly built between 1820 and 1880 and made of field stones. Its massive and closed design is also a striking feature. The four-sided shape consists of a gatehouse, residential building and stable buildings; it is closed at the rear by a shed or an attached barn.
The private mining museum Niemtsch was opened on July 1, 1996 on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of Niemtsch . It was headed by Dieter Müller, who collected contemporary mining objects in his 45 years of activity in lignite mining. The collection includes around 1250 briquettes , mainly jewelry, special and decorative briquettes . These include valuable pieces and unique specimens, for example the first briquette from the “Henkel” company from 1871. The collection also contains miner's lamps, climbing chaff and other miner's utensils as well as graphic representations of mining production processes. In the meantime the mining museum has been closed. As soon as the city of Senftenberg has found a suitable location, the collection will be exhibited there on loan.
The “Gartenstadt Marga” home parlor was housed in the former Briesker school building until 2008 .
Senftenberger See
With an area of around 1300 hectares and good water quality, the Senftenberger See is a popular holiday and excursion destination for those seeking relaxation and water sports enthusiasts. The motor ship Santa Barbara ( patron saint of miners ) operates on the lake . The name of the ship is a reminder that the lake emerged from the former Niemtsch opencast mine , in which lignite was extracted. The lake is open to tourists with cycle paths. It is fed by the Schwarze Elster. Since June 2013, the Koschen Canal has been a navigable connection between the Senftenberg and Geierswalder lakes. There is an island in the Senftenberger See which, as a nature reserve, cannot be entered.
A holiday park is located on the Großkoschen shore of the lake, embedded in a pine forest. It offers accommodation for around 2600 holidaymakers. Numerous investments in the holiday park have created new transport links, 40 holiday homes, a reception building and a water slide. A water sports center was built at the level of the former children's holiday camp. A comfort campsite was set up in Niemtsch .
On March 31, 2001, a 31.5-meter-high leaning observation tower in the Hosena district , directly on the Seeradweg between Großkoschen and Niemtsch, was built on the south bank of the Senftenberger See . It allows a view over the lake, into the interior of the island and into Niederlausitz. When the visibility is good, the stands of the Lausitzring and the Kamenz mountains can also be seen.
On April 23, 2013, the city harbor on Senftenberger See was opened after almost two years of construction. The construction costs were 13 million euros.
Also in 2013, the Koschen Canal was opened, which connects the Senftenberger See with the Geierswalder See and crosses under the Schwarze Elster and Bundesstraße 96 as a ship tunnel.
theatre
The Senftenberger Theater Neue Bühne Senftenberg was founded on October 21, 1946 as the Senftenberg City Theater in the gym of the school " Walther Rathenau " on the orders of the first district and city commandant, Soviet Colonel Ivan Demjanowitsch Soldatow. As a miners' theater, it gained a good reputation in the following years and was a springboard for many well-known actors. In 1990 it got its current name; In 1993 it was converted into a one-part theater. The magazine Theater heute voted it German theater of the year in 2005 .
In May 2001 an amphitheater was opened in the Großkoschen district directly on Lake Senftenberg . It offers space for 600 spectators and combines classic and modern elements. The semicircular playing area and the rising benches are laid out in the style of Greek theater . In addition, it has modern lighting, sound and stage technology. The 17 x 30 meter play area and the balcony above the stage as an additional play area are well suited for spoken and musical theater. Plays, stage shows and open air concerts are staged during the summer season.
leisure
In the course of straightening the Black Elster, bathing areas were set up on the river in the 1920s and 1930s. Due to the strong red color of the magpie, they were no longer used. The pollution of the river was often caused by the discharge of sewage from the Lauta aluminum smelter. That is why bathing in the river was temporarily prohibited as early as the 1930s. Demands for other swimming opportunities were loud. The foundation stone for the swimming pool was laid in May 1969. On October 7, 1970, today's adventure pool was inaugurated as a public swimming pool with 25-meter lanes in the “dog grove”. The conversion to an adventure pool took place in the mid-1990s. The adventure pool with outdoor pool, slides, solariums and sauna was opened on December 14, 1996.
In the Snowtropolis ski hall , it is possible to do sports with skis and snowboards in summer and winter. The slope is 130 meters long and has different slopes of up to 25 degrees. Next to it there is a bowling facility on 2 levels and a multi-purpose hall for public ice skating (November – March) and tennis, badminton and volleyball.
The culture and leisure center Pegasus offers children and young people opportunities to spend their free time. In addition to craft courses such as pottery, computer courses are also offered. The leisure center has a fitness room and a rehearsal room for young bands. The building was built in the 1950s as a pioneer house and used by sports clubs and work groups. It was named after the resistance fighter and older brother of Lotte Ulbricht Bruno Kühn . A mosaic depicting a Pegasus is attached to the front of the building .
There is also the Club WK III, in which the association “Der Würfel” e. V. has its seat. This is a youth and leisure club that organizes, among other things, the youth consecration celebrations in Senftenberg.
music
In 1854 the youth choir was founded in Senftenberg by 18 young people. From this club later developed the male choir Frohsinn . This choral society is the forerunner of the miners' choir founded in 1911 . Today this choir has about 40 members. During the performances, the singers wear their traditional miner's clothing. In addition to the miners' choir, there is the mixed chamber choir of the music school (founded in 1988) and the Senftenberg concert choir (founded in 1979), which also performs mixed .
Cultural life and regular events
Every year on the last weekend in June, the Peter and Paul Market takes place on the market square in front of the town hall and in the adjacent streets . For this purpose, sales stands of various dealers from Senftenberg and the partner cities as well as stages for live performances will be set up. The Peter and Paul Market is the oldest in Senftenberg. It is consecrated to the two patron saints of the city church, Peter and Paul . It used to be known as the Maiden Market, as the maidservants for the coming year were selected during the market .
The Senftenberg pub festival takes place once a year . Numerous Senftenberg inns, pubs and restaurants take part. A shuttle service is set up between the individual stations, which takes visitors to the festival to the locations, some of which are far apart. In recent years, however, this festival has suffered from a sharp drop in visitors.
In December, the Christmas market is held on the market square and in the adjacent streets .
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
The city of Senftenberg was originally a small, less important agricultural town with regional handicrafts (mainly tanners and dyers). In the 18th century Senftenberg gained importance as a trading post between the cities in northern Germany ( Magdeburg , Lüneburg and Hamburg ) and the Silesian - Bohemian region. The viticulture in the 18th and 19th centuries, a regionally important economic activity. From the middle of the 19th century, the agricultural town became a medium-sized industrial town. The town developed rapidly and underwent a major structural change in the 19th century, primarily through the discovery of the lignite depots and the associated connection to the railway network in 1869. The arable farmers were increasingly displaced by industrial workers. Opencast mines and briquette factories became important employers. After the two world wars, the city's industrial structure did not change significantly. The lignite mining and processing made Senftenberg the power center of the GDR. With the political turnaround, the entire industrial structure of the city changed with the breakdown of lignite mining. In autumn 2005, Senftenberg was designated together with the cities of Finsterwalde , Großräschen , Lauchhammer and Schwarzheide as a regional growth center (RWK) West Lusatia in the state of Brandenburg. The metal and electrical industries, the media and information and communication technology sectors, and the service sector are all economically important.
In the past few years, small and medium-sized companies have developed in the Senftenberg region alongside lignite mining. However, due to the decline in lignite mining and the related branches of industry, the unemployment rate (2008: around 22%) is relatively high compared to the German average of less than 10%. The largest employers and clients in the region are Vattenfall Europe Mining AG , Lausitzer Mitteldeutsche Bergbau-Verwaltungsgesellschaft mbH (LMBV) with headquarters in Senftenberg and Bergbausanierung- und Landschaftsgestaltung Brandenburg GmbH (BUL).
In the succession and recultivation of the opencast mines, water landscapes were created with the Senftenberger See as the center in the Lusatian Lakeland , which enabled Senftenberg to distinguish itself as a tourist center in Lower Lusatia. As part of the International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land , Senftenberg was converted into a SeeStadt , including a port on the Senftenberg shore of the lake.
In terms of tourism, Senftenberg is accessible through regional and national cycle paths . The Brandenburg tour , with 1111 kilometers, is the longest long-distance cycle route in Germany. The 500 km long Fürst-Pückler-Weg and the 510 km long Lower Lusatian mining tour lead past old opencast mines, industrial culture and new landscapes. A 17.7 km long cycle path leads around Lake Senftenberg. The Schwarze-Elster-Radweg , which leads through the south of Brandenburg as well as parts of Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt , connects Senftenberg and Lake Senftenberger See with industrial monuments and sights along the Black Elster. Senftenberg is on the northern route of the Fürstenstrasse holiday route of the Wettins .
Viticulture came to a standstill around Senftenberg in the 18th century due to heavy frosts and for economic reasons. At the beginning of the 1980s, the last, meanwhile overgrown vineyards were swallowed up by lignite mining in the Lausitz. The post-mining landscape was later partially cultivated for viticulture, for example for the municipality of Rauno, which was excavated by the mining industry in 1982 .
The Sparkasse Niederlausitz is located directly on Senftenberger Markt . It was created in the course of the Brandenburg district reform through the merger of the district savings banks Calau and Senftenberg. There are currently around 350 employees. The savings bank building was inaugurated in 1999. The first savings bank in Senftenberg was inaugurated on April 1, 1852.
The drinking water supply and wastewater disposal is handled by the Lausitz Water Association (WAL) . The association, founded in 1992, is based in Senftenberg in the immediate vicinity of Lake Senftenberg and supplies more than 100,000 residents in over 20 communities (as of 2007) . In 2007/2008 the WAL building was rebuilt and a cafeteria was created, which can also be used as a restaurant by holidaymakers and guests. The drinking water for Senftenberg is pumped from the waterworks in Tettau to a depth of 20 to 30 meters.
In October 2006, what was then the largest biogas plant in Germany with a capacity of 3 megawatts was built in Senftenberg , which works exclusively on the basis of renewable raw materials . The biogas plant can be fed with corn or grain.
Other medium-sized companies are, in addition to municipal companies such as Kommunalen Wohnungsgesellschaft mbH Senftenberg and Stadtwerke Senftenberg GmbH , ECOSOIL Ost GmbH and Thyssen-Krupp Industrieservice GmbH in Brieske. The Arvato Direct Services GmbH is located in the former department store Waldschmidt at the train station intersection. During the GDR era, the building housed the Magnet department store and, after the fall of the Wall, the Multistore . Arvato currently has around 440 employees in Senftenberg.
traffic
Senftenberg is on federal highways 96 and 169 . The new building of the B 169 was opened on September 22, 2008. The road runs as a bypass road to the northwest past Senftenberg. Planning began in 1993 and construction began in September 2003. The cost of building the new 13-kilometer bypass amounted to 76 million euros. 87% of it leads over compacted dump terrain (16 million cubic meters), among other things, it leads over the southern rim of the former Meuro opencast mine . The closest motorway junction is Klettwitz on the A 13 Berlin – Dresden. It is located about 8 kilometers to the west.
The city is the railway junction of the Lübbenau – Kamenz railway and the Großenhain – Cottbus railway, as well as the Schipkau – Finsterwalder railway . Senftenberg is a category 5 regional train station for passenger traffic .
The station is served by the following regional express and regional train lines:
- RE 18 Cottbus - Dresden
- RB 24 Eberswalde - Berlin - Senftenberg
- RB 49 Falkenberg (Elster) - Cottbus
The trains on these lines also stop at Sedlitz Ost . Hosena station is served by the RE 15 Hoyerswerda - Dresden line and the S 4 Wurzen - Leipzig - Hoyerswerda line. It has a marshalling yard for freight transport .
In 1869 the first station building of the Senftenberg station was built; In 1870 the first train on the Cottbus – Grossenhain line ran via Senftenberg. On May 1, 1874, the second Lübbenau - Kamenz line was put into operation, operated by the Berlin-Görlitzer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft . These two private railways operated two separate station buildings. Due to the removal of coal from the opencast mines, the rail network was expanded in the years that followed, among others by the Schipkau-Finsterwalder Railway Company . As a result of these expansions and the double-track route, the station building was rebuilt and expanded several times, the last time in 1927 in connection with the raising of the tracks. Due to the lignite mining in the opencast mine, some railway lines in the city area were laid several times. In November 1987 the line electrification reached Senftenberg, since 1990 all lines starting from Senftenberg have been operated electrically. The station building and the bus station in front of it were renovated and expanded after 1990.
There are three city bus routes in the Senftenberg urban area . The districts are connected to the city via regional bus routes operated by OSL Bus GmbH .
Senftenberg is one of three municipalities in the state of Brandenburg that have been selected as model cities for environmentally friendly transport. Several kilometers of road in Senftenberg have already been completely renovated and the bicycle and pedestrian path network has been renewed and expanded. The traffic planning provides for a complex environmental network in order to achieve traffic calming in the entire city area.
The streets of the city are included in the list of streets in Senftenberg .
Authorities and public institutions
The management of the Oberspreewald-Lausitz protection area is based in Senftenberg on Rudolf-Breitscheid- Strasse. The Senftenberg Police Station of the Brandenburg Police is housed in the same building .
The Senftenberg fire brigade is located on Briesker Straße. The reconstructed and expanded building was handed over in early 2008. A total of 50 firefighters (as of December 2007) are on duty here, 25 of them full-time. Fire fighting trains and groups have been set up in the incorporated districts.
Before the voluntary fire brigade was founded , the citizens of Senftenberg were obliged to fight fires. To do this, every homeowner had to have a fire escape, two fire buckets and a hand syringe. The ladder house for the community's particularly long fire escapes was located near the former hospital, and a new building was later erected on the wall on the Schwarzen Elster near the east promenade. The volunteer fire brigade was founded on April 19, 1878, and April 1, 1878 was set as the foundation day. The volunteer fire department also had a gymnastics department. Up until the mid-1880s, gymnastics was carried out regularly to keep comrades fit. With the separation of gymnasts and the fire brigade, there was a dispute over the club flag. In court, the flag was awarded to the gymnasts. In 1898 the scaffolding collapsed, after which the city decided to build a new fire department depot. The border between Jüttendorf and Senftenberg was chosen as the location. The foundation stone was laid on April 20, 1899. The new depot received a hose washing facility as well as a riser and drying tower. As early as July 11, 1899, eleven vehicles could move into the building. On May 10, 1921, a memorial plaque for 16 comrades killed in World War I was placed on the west side of the building . Up until the end of the First World War, the fire brigade was mainly used to fight fires in the coal mines. The first major fire was fought from August 4 to 9, 1900 during an open-cast mine fire in the Ilse mine in Rauno, when a 25 to 27 meter thick coal seam was burning. During the GDR era, the building was expanded to include an additional building and used as a police station. After the reunification, parts of the district office were housed here, and later a youth club. The supplementary building was dismantled and the old, listed fire department depot renovated. A pub with an internet café was set up in the building. Today a hairdresser is housed in the former depot.
The Senftenberg District Court was initially located in the Senftenberg Castle. In 1910 it was moved to a building with a mansard roof and a turret not far from the Wendish Church; the stork elster flowed between the two buildings. The prison cells were also located in the new building. The Senftenberg Labor Court was dissolved on January 1, 2012. It was located in the administration building of the Schlossparkcenter parking garage. Its duties were taken over by the Cottbus Labor Court .
On July 18, 1930, the foundation stone was laid for the Senftenberg employment office in what was then Wiesenstrasse (today Joachim-Gottschalk-Strasse ). The sober, clearly structured building was ready for occupation on February 5, 1931. Later the building was the seat of the music school and the health department. After the political change, the employment office moved to Spremberger Strasse. Since this accommodation no longer met the requirements, a new building was erected in the immediate vicinity of the train station at the end of the 1990s.
The district office of Oberspreewald-Lausitzkreis is located in the district town of Senftenberg in the former mining house of the Niederlausitzer Bergbauverein e. V. This building, erected in 1924, was a district building after 1945, and then the seat of the district council .
education
Today in Senftenberg there is a grammar school (Friedrich-Engels-Gymnasium), two secondary schools ( Dr. Otto Rindt secondary school and Bernhard Kellermann secondary school) and four primary schools (including one in Hosena ), an upper school center (Lausitz upper school center) and a special school .
The oldest school building is south of Neumarkt. It was built in 1899 and inaugurated as Elementary School I on September 1, 1899. In the time of the GDR, the POS I Artur Wölk , named after Senftenberg's first mayor after the Second World War, was located here, and the secondary school after the political change . After the secondary schools in Brandenburg were closed and Senftenberg schools were merged, the building is now used by associations and other institutions. When the capacity of elementary school I was no longer sufficient due to the population growth, elementary school III was built in 1909 in the north of the city on Calauer Straße. In 1913 it was expanded to include six classes. During the GDR era, POS III Anton Saefkow was housed here. Today the Dr. Otto Rindt High School is located here. School II was the school for Catholic children, which was located on the grounds of the Catholic Church. In 1895, the girls' secondary school was opened on the east promenade .
During the GDR era, nine polytechnic high schools (POS) and one extended high school (EOS) were built in Senftenberg in the course of the population increase and urban development . After reunification, the grammar school, the secondary school and the comprehensive and elementary schools were set up in these school buildings. Due to the decline in students, several schools were merged around 2000 and school buildings (former POS V Otto Grotewohl and IX Ho Chi Minh ) were dismantled.
Up until the 2008/2009 school year, the Senftenberger Gymnasium was housed in two locations separated by secondary level I and II. Grades 12 and 13 were taught in the building of the former EOS Friedrich Engels in Rudolf-Harbig-Strasse in the immediate vicinity of the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg; Secondary level I (grades 7 to 10) and grade 11 in the building of the former POS VII Adolf Hennecke in Fischreiherstrasse. This building was modernized and rebuilt in the 1990s while the school was still running. It was given the shape of a ship, the basement was exposed and converted into the ground floor. In 2004 a new sports hall was also handed over. The ship shape of the school building was chosen because the high school is located directly on Lake Senftenberg. The high school was named Friedrich Engels based on the former EOS; the name Gymnasium Am See was still available .
From 1913 to 1932 the grammar school was housed in the castle. As early as 1922 it was named Walther Rathenau , the first school in Germany. In 1932 a new building for the grammar school was built, which was executed in the Bauhaus style by the Berlin architects brothers Taut and Hoffmann ( Bruno and Max Taut ). The building is a clearly structured structure made of traditional materials ( clinker ). It consists of two building parts joined together at right angles with a lower-lying schoolyard. The school kept the name Walther Rathenau School until 1933. Then it was renamed the Hindenburg School . Today the Walther Rathenau elementary school is located in the building. During the GDR era, the POS II Hans Beimler was housed here.
In addition, Senftenberg has the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district adult education center and two music schools. The district adult education center was founded on December 1, 1919 as the Senftenberg adult education center. The students have the opportunity to take their Abitur or lower secondary level. In addition to foreign languages, natural sciences and computer science are offered. The music school of the Oberspreewald-Lausitz-Kreis offers both broad and talented support.
Besides Cottbus, Senftenberg is a location of the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg . The Hochschule Lausitz (HSL) (University of Applied Sciences) was founded in 1991 and merged with the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus to form the Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus-Senftenberg in 2013, thus ending its existence as an independent university. It has a campus in Senftenberg and Cottbus. The spectrum of subjects offered ranges from numerous engineering disciplines to social and economic subjects to music. A mining engineering school was founded in Senftenberg as early as 1947 . Due to the lack of space, teaching was carried out in many places in the city, for example in the restaurant Zum Löwen . In 1954 the main building of the university was completed. The mining engineering school became the "Ernst Thälmann" engineering school for mining and energy . In front of the main building is a larger than life stoneware miner sculpture by Dorothea von Philipsborn . The front is adorned with a sgraffito showing the history of mining. This was created by Günther Wendt and Hubert Globisch. In the 1990s and 2000s, the university was reconstructed and new laboratory buildings completed, for example the biotechnology laboratory for 15.4 million euros in 2007 and the IT laboratory in 2008 .
The Senftenberg Planetarium is located in the immediate vicinity of the university. It was inaugurated on September 10, 1966 and was the first planetarium in the Cottbus district . In the eight-meter dome there is a ZKP 1 projection device from Carl-Zeiss - Jena , which enables the representation of any degree of latitude of the starry sky (including the southern hemisphere) at any time of day.
In 1992 the city library , which until then had been housed in several locations, was combined in one building on Krankenhausstrasse . Over 50,000 (as of 2006) books, magazines and data carriers can be borrowed.
Medical institutions
Since the 15th century there have been bathhouses and hospitals in Senftenberg for the care of sick people . In 1867 a hospital was founded in Senftenberg on the Stadtgraben. Since this no longer met the requirements over the course of time, a new hospital was built under Mayor Blankenburg. The foundation stone was laid on October 12, 1888. On November 3, 1890, the hospital was handed over to the Elisabeth Hospital and Diakonissenhaus in Berlin. A side wing was added as early as 1906 and an extension was completed in 1924 to accommodate the increased number of residents. During the GDR era, numerous modernizations took place, for example an intensive care unit was set up in 1978 . On October 1st, 1992 the Klinikum Niederlausitz GmbH was founded with its three clinic areas in Klettwitz , Lauchhammer and Senftenberg. Since the hospital no longer met the requirements, a partially new building and expansion was planned. On June 4, 1998 the foundation stone for the new hospital building in Senftenberg was laid by the then Minister Regine Hildebrandt . The construction was funded with 53 million DM from the state of Brandenburg, around 6 million DM contributed the district of Oberspreewald-Lausitz. Emergency care, endoscopy , the X-ray department , the operating theater, the intensive care unit, the laboratory and four wards with 122 beds are being built. In addition, cafeterias and a kiosk were created. The construction work was completed in summer 2008. In the course of the construction work, the main entrance was relocated, the outdoor facilities were designed in the form of the former park. The historical fabric of the old building was left. In the entrance hall of the new building is the work of art by Vinzenz Wanitschke " St. Barbara ", the patron saint of miners. Today the clinic has two locations in Senftenberg and Lauchhammer.
On January 3, 1956, the polyclinic in Dorothea-Erxleben- Strasse was inaugurated and in 1979 the district polyclinic in the newly built residential area on the lake. Since 1992 these two facilities have been combined as a medical facility GmbH. In addition to resident doctors from various specialties, there is also a medical practice for diagnostic radiology as well as practices for physiotherapy and speech therapy .
At "Höhe 304" there was a ward for lung diseases.
Senftenberg is an ADAC air rescue base . The rescue helicopters Christoph 33 and Christoph Brandenburg are stationed in the north of the city on Ackerstrasse.
media
The first edition of the Senftenberger Anzeiger appeared on July 1, 1875 . The editor of the newspaper was Friedrich Pelz. He was supported by the district administrator from Calau and by his uncle, the mayor of Blankenburg. On January 1, 1882, Pelz merged with the printer Carl Georg Grubann from Ruhland . Then the number of copies of the Senftenberger Anzeiger increased . In 1924 the company moved into the new premises in Laugkstraße. The company was expropriated in 1945 and the owners Georg and Edmund Grubann were sent to a labor camp , where Georg Grubann died. The newspaper was moved on. The name Lausitzer Rundschau was first used in 1952. The Lausitzer Rundschau appears daily with regional editions in Senftenberg.
The private regional broadcaster WMZ TV can be received in Senftenberg via the cable network. The station has an office in Senftenberg.
Senftenberg partially served as a backdrop for some films:
- 1969: “Unknown Citizens” , DFF , director: Ulrich Thein
- 1996: "Amerika" (TV), with Sophie von Kessel , director: Ronald Eichhorn
- 2002: "Theater Landscapes", New Stage Senftenberg with Esther Schweins , Director: Matthias Schmidt,
- 2006: "La Isla Bonita - Army of Silence" , with Dieter Hallervorden , director: Roland Lang
Sports
On October 31, 1959, the Aktivist sports hall was inaugurated as the largest self-supporting hall in Europe. The running tracks are 250 meters long. The first competitions took place on natural ground. It was not until 1971/72 that a tartan surface was laid in the sports hall, and the curves were raised during these construction work. Since the 1970s, which found GDR Indoor Championships of Athletics held in Senftenberg. The sports hall has been called Niederlausitzhalle since the 1990s . In addition to sporting events, cultural events and exhibitions are held there. Since January 1, 2005 the hall has been managed by TSV Senftenberg. Before that, there was heated discussion about closing the hall for cost reasons. The current German indoor record in the women's 60-meter run was set by Marita Koch on February 16, 1985 with 7.04 seconds in what was then the activist sports hall.
The sports facility on Briesker Strasse has a soccer field with running tracks and a bowling alley . This was completed in 1970 and is suitable for international competitions.
A well-known Senftenberg sports club is the football club FSV 'Glück Auf' Brieske / Senftenberg e. V. , who played as BSG Franz Mehring Marga, BSG activist Brieske-Ost and SC activist Brieske-Senftenberg from 1949 to 1963 in the DDR-Oberliga and after 1991 in the NOFV-Oberliga . The bowlers from SV Senftenberg , the handball players from HSV Senftenberg and the bike ball players from RSV Großkoschen are also known nationwide . On July 1, 2008, the soccer clubs VfB Senftenberg and Fortuna Senftenberg merged to form Senftenberger FC 08 . The new club is based at the sports facility on Briesker Straße, which the SFC '08 runs together with SV Senftenberg. In addition, the SFC '08 manages the "Michael-Bautz-Sportpark" in Rudolf-Harbig-Strasse, which until June 30, 2008 was called the "Fortuna-Sportpark". The stadium was built in 1963 for the then engineering school. The new club is active with two men's teams, one each in the regional class south and 1st district class. Biggest successes of the young club is the two-time district cup victory Senftenberg, as well as the district champion title in 2010 with the promotion to the regional class south. Other Senftenberg football clubs are Elastisch Senftenberg 94 and Blau-Gelb Hosena .
Personalities
Honorary citizen
The first district and town commander of Senftenberg after 1945, the Soviet Colonel of the Guard Iwan Demjanowitsch Soldatow, received honorary citizenship in 1978 for his services to building the town, including building the Senftenberg Theater .
On April 3, 2000, the music director of the Senftenberg Theater Kurt Natusch became an honorary citizen of Senftenberg. Natusch was born in Senftenberg. On October 10, 2000, Natusch received the Cross of Merit on Ribbon for his services. Kurt Natusch died on May 23, 2008.
sons and daughters of the town
The writer Horst Mönnich was born in Senftenberg in 1918. He attended the municipal reform high school and after graduating from high school, studied German and theater studies in Berlin. His literary work includes novels, reports, radio plays and television plays. The German reality and German-German history are his themes.
The painter and graphic artist Günther Wendt was born in Senftenberg in 1908. He documented the enormous changes in the landscape in Senftenberg and Lusatia with his works. Some of his works can be seen in Senftenberg, such as the sgraffiti on the gallery at the castle, at the university, on the Wendish church and a historical view of the city in Senftenberg's town hall. He made sets and costumes for the theater and was museum director from the 1950s. The early history department of the museum was set up under Wendt.
The composers Jakob Meiland and Herbert Windt were born in Senftenberg. Meiland lived in the 16th century, was court music director with Georg Friedrich I of Brandenburg and died in Hechingen at the age of 35 . Windt's compositions were mainly used in Nazi propaganda films. A contemporary of Meiland was the rector of Leipzig University and vice rector of the Princely School St. Afra in Meißen Peter Thomäus .
The Belgian general Karl Wilhelm von Bormann , who began his military career in the service of the royal Saxon army , was also born in Senftenberg . In the Belgian army, Bormann invented the ring-shaped time fuse with a fixed cover for shrapnel.
The ophthalmologist and scientist Hermann Kuhnt was born in Senftenberg in 1850 . Together with Paul Junius, he is doing trend-setting in the field of macular diagnostics .
The German professor for physical and theoretical chemistry at the Humboldt University in Berlin Joachim Sauer , husband of Chancellor Angela Merkel , was born in Hosena (now part of Senftenberg) and attended the Walther Rathenau Polytechnic in Senftenberg.
Personalities associated with the city
The home historian and chairman of the Niederlausitz Society for History and Archeology, Rudolf Lehmann , moved with his family to Senftenberger Bahnhofstrasse. Lehmann wrote numerous treatises on the history of Niederlausitz. The local poet Friedrich Roch , who died in 1877, lived on Ritterstrasse in a small half-timbered house, the poet's house , which is also mentioned in literature as a pleasure house . The artist Ernst Sauer lived in Senftenberg for many years, sculptures still testify to his work in Senftenberg (e.g. fountain sculptures on the Neumarkt, memorial for the anti-fascist resistance fighters in the castle park, memorial for the fallen Soviet soldiers, fountains at the theater). The writer Erwin Strittmatter worked as a newspaper editor in Senftenberg after the Second World War.
Since the Senftenberg Theater was founded in 1946 as the Senftenberg Miners' Theater , numerous actors and directors have worked in Senftenberg and some of them learned to play here. These include Armin Mueller-Stahl , Annekathrin Bürger , Klaus-Dieter Klebsch , Erich Petraschk , Rolf Römer , Günter Schubert and Frank Castorf . After the political change and the transformation of the theater into the one-part theater Neue Bühne Senftenberg , it brought equally successful actors such as Manfred Möck (winner of the Silver Bear 1989), Alexander Sternberg (actor in the Sat.1 - Telenovela - Verliebt in Berlin ) and Julia -Maria Köhler (actress in the ProSieben series Crazy About Clara ). The composer Harald Lorscheider was Kapellmeister at the Neue Bühne from 1992 to 1993 .
The SC activist Brieske-Senftenberg and later the FSV Glückauf Brieske-Senftenberg produced national soccer players such as Horst Franke and Heinz Lemanczyk as well as the 1999 DFB Cup winner Sven Benken .
Senftenberg in the media
literature
- Johann Karl Büttner: Excerpt from the chronicle of the city and the Senftenberg office containing the period from 1539 to 1835 . Volume 1, Großenhain 1835 ( e-copy ).
- Silke Dähmlow: Senftenberg. Urban planning aspects of educational buildings during the Weimar Republic . In: Brandenburg Monument Preservation . Issue 2, volume 10. Arenhövel, 2001, ISSN 0942-3397 .
- Werner Forkert : Senftenberger reviews . Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history. Ed .: Bookstore "Glück Auf". Senftenberg 2006.
- Werner Forkert: Senftenberger reviews . Part II Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history. Ed .: Bookstore "Glück Auf". Senftenberg 2007.
- Werner Forkert, Steffen Rasche (photos): Historical forays . Monuments of the city of Senftenberg. Ed .: City of Senftenberg, Association « Black Elster ». City of Senftenberg, Senftenberg 2003.
- Ute Jochinke: Senftenberg. The school buildings of the brothers Bruno and Max Taut and their position in their work . In: Brandenburg Monument Preservation . Issue 2, volume 10. Arenhövel, 2001, ISSN 0942-3397 .
- Ute Jochinke, Ulf Jacob: Modernism in Senftenberg. The "Pedagogical Forum" as an educational oasis of the Weimar Republic. In: Ulf Jacob, Ute Jochinke: Oases of Modernity. Urban and landscape design in the Lausitz area. Verlag der Kunst, Dresden in the publishing group Husum, Husum 2004, ISBN 3-86530-065-0 , pp. 62–83.
- Ute Keller, Stefan Rasche: Senftenberg. A city with charm, current color picture book . tape III . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1999, ISBN 3-89570-613-2 .
- Georg Christoph Kreyziger a . a .: Annales Senftenbergensis manvscripti, therein the city, Vestung and Ambtes Senfftenberg in Meißen memorable history, sambt dero spiritual and secular rulers etc. are described. In: Contributions to the history of the Chur and Princely Saxon Lands. Volume 5, Altenburg 1761, pp. 32-109 ( digitized version ).
- Johann Gottlob Paulitz: Chronicle of the city of Senftenberg and the localities belonging to the former Senftenberg office. Senftenberg / Großenhain / Dresden 1892–1923 ( digitized version ).
- Isolde Rösler (arrangement): Alt-Senftenberg. A picture chronicle . Ed .: Senftenberg District Museum. 3. Edition. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 2004, ISBN 3-89264-731-3 (first edition: 1992).
- Isolde Rösler, Heinz Noack: Senftenberger See. Historical hikes through Buchwalde, Kleinkoschen, Großkoschen, Hosena, Peickwitz, Niemtsch, Brieske, Colony Marga . Ed .: Senftenberg District Museum. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1993, ISBN 3-89264-872-7 .
- Isolde Rösler: Senftenberg Castle and Fortress . In: The historical place . 71 - fortresses . Kai Homilius Verlag, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-931121-71-2 .
Video reading
- Christian Heinrich: Chronicle of the city of Senftenberg . Official film chronicle of the city.
Web links
- Official website of the city of Senftenberg
- Private homepage with historical views of Senftenberg and the surrounding area
- Link catalog on Senftenberg at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Statistics of the Lusatian Sorbs: Senftenberg community. ( Arnošt Muka , 1884–86)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ↑ Senftenberg is now a "state-approved resort" . Press release from the Brandenburg Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy from September 9, 2016
- ↑ Senftenberg is divided north-south. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . April 16, 2011
- ↑ Hellmuth Barthel. In: Lausitz. VEB Tourist Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 1985, section geological-geormorphic overview
- ^ Otfried Wagenbrecht, Walter Stein: Geologische Streifzüge . VEB Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffe, Leipzig, ISBN 3-342-00227-1
- ^ Günter Bachmann: The historical development of the community Sauo . VEB Lignite Combine Senftenberg
- ↑ Hellmuth Barthel: Geological-geomorphic overview . In: Lausitz . VEB Tourist Verlag, Berlin / Leipzig 1985.
- ↑ weather data from 1961 to 1990; Temperature data are based on the closest measuring station in Schwarze Pump . German Weather Service
- ↑ Geoclimate 2.1
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Senftenberg
- ↑ Fabian Kaulfürst, Meto Nowak: town name in the traditional settlement area of the Sorbs / Wends in Brandenburg. Bautzen 2018, p. 20
- ^ A b Isolde Rösler: Alt-Senftenberg. A picture chronicle . Editor of the Senftenberg District Museum. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1992, ISBN 3-89264-731-3
- ↑ Al. Duttmann: The German place names with special consideration of the originally Wendish in the Mittelmark and Niederlausitz . Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1856, p. 64.
- ↑ Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther : Ortnamesbuch der Oberlausitz. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975
- ↑ See also discussion of the local article
- ↑ a b c d e Senftenberg City Guide, published by the Senftenberg District Office, Tourist Office 1991.
- ↑ a b Werner Forkert: Senftenberg retrospectives interesting facts from Senftenberg history . Publisher of the bookstore "Glück Auf", 2006.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Museum of the district of Oberspreewald-Lausitz (ed.): Senftenberg Pictures from the Past . 2004.
- ↑ a b c d e 1279–1979. 700 years of Senftenberg . Information brochure of the Senftenberg District Council on the occasion of Senftenberg's 700th anniversary.
- ↑ orte-der-vielfalt: Senftenberg ( Memento from 7 July 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Senftenberg - major fire in old tire warehouse LausitzNews, youtube.com, published July 27, 2018, accessed June 24, 2019, video (10:33).
- ↑ a b Municipalities 1994 and their changes since 01.01.1948 in the new federal states . Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ Incorporation of the Sedlitz community into the city of Senftenberg. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior dated February 27, 1997. In: Official Journal for Brandenburg - Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg , Volume 8, Number 19, May 15, 1997, p. 357.
- ^ Changes in the municipalities in Germany . StBA, see 2001
- ↑ Werner Forkert: Senftenberger retrospectives. Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history . Bookstore "Glück Auf" (Ed.), Senftenberg 2006. (for the data before 1875)
- ^ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Oberspreewald-Lausitz . Pp. 26-29
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2015 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ↑ Andreas Kirschke: Learning a language has priority for us . ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Nowy Casnik , 5/2014, January 28, 2014
- ^ Cityscapes from Senftenberg. Stadt-Bild-Verlag, 1993
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 5
- ^ Official final result of the mayoral election in the city of Senftenberg on November 12, 2006
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on September 14, 2014
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ↑ a b Information brochure of the city of Senftenberg.
- ^ Partnership with Senftenberg / Brandenburg. City of Püttlingen, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ^ Town twinning. Nova Sol
- ^ City of Senftenberg
- ↑ Press release No. 51/03 . Brandenburg Ministry for Science, Research and Culture, March 28, 2003.
- ↑ Calendar of Sparkasse Niederlausitz 2007
- ↑ Andrea Budich: Senftenberg city councilors let zoo bears go. In: Lausitzer Rundschau , May 12, 2012.
- ↑ Wolfgang Jowsig MARGA The first German garden city , Förderverein cultural landscape Niederlausitz e. V., Cottbus 2nd edition 1999, ISBN 3-00-004020-X
- ↑ Information board at the old official mill
- ↑ Werner Forkert: Senftenberger retrospectives. Part II Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history . Editor of the bookstore "Glück Auf", 2007.
- ↑ Information board of the museum
- ↑ Niemtsch Mining Museum. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 1, 2015 ; accessed on September 10, 2015 .
- ↑ Local chronicler Brieske-Marga homeless for 8 years
- ^ Bathing places in the state of Brandenburg . ( Memento from May 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) LUIS Brandenburg
- ↑ Rudolf Kupfer: The Senftenberger See - a unique natural area ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) In: Lausitzer Rundschau. May 6, 2008
- ↑ campsite. ( Memento from July 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Senftenberger See
- ↑ City harbor opened on Senftenberger See . rbb-online.de, April 23, 2013
- ^ Amphitheater . ( Memento from June 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Senftenberger See
- ↑ Chamber choir of the OSL music school ( Memento from November 7, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Homepage of the Senftenberg Concert Choir
- ^ Growth core West Lusatia: Cooperation
- ↑ Growth core West Lusatia: Location development concept 2006 (PDF; 1 MB)
- ^ Growth core West Lusatia: update and continuation of the location development concept 2013 (PDF)
- ↑ a b c d e Citizens' Information Senftenberg 2006/2007
- ↑ Tours in Brandenburg . Brandenburg bike navigator
- ↑ Viticulture in Niederlausitz at www.b-tu.de
- ↑ History section on route-brandenburger-weinkultur.de
- ^ Water Association Lausitz: Drinking water from the Tettau waterworks
- ↑ Andrea Budich: The largest biogas plant is in Senftenberg. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . September 29, 2006, accessed October 31, 2015 .
- ↑ Lausitzer Rundschau , July 2, 2008
- ^ Lausitzer Rundschau , September 19, 22 and 23, 2008
- ↑ Senftenberg - urban transport network. Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg , 2019, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ↑ District police officers . ( Memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Brandenburg police
- ^ Website of the former Senftenberg Labor Court. Retrieved January 15, 2013
- ^ Amt Am Senftenberger See Citizen and Visitor Information
- ↑ FH Lausitz inaugurates laboratory building for biotechnology . State of Brandenburg, Ministry for Science, Research and Culture, November 23, 2007
- ↑ FH Lausitz inaugurates laboratory building for IT . State of Brandenburg, Ministry f. Science, Research and Culture, April 24, 2008
- ↑ Erika Jantzen: The series of pictures from the GDR. Black gold from Senftenberg . Sutton, Erfurt 2002, ISBN 3-89702-495-0 .
- ↑ New piece of jewelery for patients. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. June 8, 2009
- ↑ Klinikum-niederlausitz.de
- ↑ ADAC
- ↑ sfb-tv.eu ( Memento from September 5, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ America in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ↑ Theater landscapes in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ↑ La Isla Bonita - Army of Silence in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- ^ Klaus Amrhein: Biographical Handbook on the History of German Athletics 1898-2005 . Darmstadt 2005 published on Deutsche Leichtathletik Promotion- und Projektgesellschaft, p. 1362ff.
- ^ History of the Niederlausitzhalle . Niederlausitzhalle
- ^ Sven Schaale: Fortuna and VfB Senftenberg go together. In: Lausitzer Rundschau. May 9, 2008, accessed April 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Kurt Natusch - The city of Senftenberg mourns its honorary citizen. In: Official Gazette of the City of Senftenberg , July 19, 2008 (PDF; 0.3 MB), p. 19.
- ↑ augenspiegel.com
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