Evangelical Hospital Queen Elisabeth Herzberge
| Evangelical Hospital Queen Elisabeth Herzberge | |
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| Sponsorship | Evangelical Diakoniewerk Queen Elisabeth, Von Bodelschwingh Foundation Bethel , Evangelical Diakonieverein Berlin-Zehlendorf , Hope Thaler Foundation Lobetal |
| place | Berlin-Lichtenberg |
| state | Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 31 '36 " N , 13 ° 30' 31" E |
| Managing Director / Theological Managing Director | Michael Mielke / Friederike Winter |
| Care level | Emergency hospital |
| beds | 778 (as of May 2020) |
| Employee | over 1300 |
| including doctors | approx. 120 |
| areas of expertise | see structure |
| founding | January 1, 1992 |
| Website | www.keh-berlin.de |
The Evangelical Hospital Queen Elisabeth Herzberge ( KEH ) in Berlin-Lichtenberg is a modern standard care hospital that emerged from the Queen Elisabeth Hospital (internal medicine and surgery) and the Specialist Hospital for Neurology and Psychiatry Berlin-Lichtenberg . The two institutions mentioned were built in different parts of Berlin in the 19th century. After their merger, they have seen multiple organizational and name changes. The operating company has been a non-profit GmbH since 2001 . The hospital is divided into thirteen departments, has 778 beds and employs a total of around 120 doctors (as of 2020). This facility also has its own nursing school. For several years now, the KEH has also been the academic teaching hospital of the Charité University Hospital . It belongs to the Diakonisches Werk Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (DWBO) .
History of medical institutions
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Under the patronage of the then Crown Princess Elisabeth of Prussia , infant care institutions were founded in Berlin in 1838 and operated by Christians. After two sick children were admitted to such an institution in an apartment in Berlin's Friedrichstadt , Wilhelmstrasse 133, on Good Friday, April 14, 1843, additional small-child-sick-care institutions were established . Colonel von Webern took over the administration of the first such institution. Elisabeth of Prussia, from 1840 queen at the side of Friedrich Wilhelm IV., Took an active part in the new development and often visited the custodial institutions. She said on Christmas 1842: "It would be a truly more urgent duty of love to first take care of the physical recovery of the small, frail creatures and only then to look after their moral and spiritual well-being." The administrative director then appointed gentlemen of the nobility and the people who were known to him Bourgeoisie to found the first children's sanatorium in Berlin. The 12 beds set up in the above apartment soon no longer met the increased demand. In 1844 the sanatorium moved into a newly acquired residential building in front of Hallesches Tor in Berlin-Kreuzberg , Pionierstrasse 7a. This house could gradually be prepared for use as a hospital. The cabinet order of November 4, 1844 gave the institution the name of its protector: Elisabeth Children's Hospital (EKH) . The number of beds could be increased to 60 in the long term. From around 1875, free outpatient surgical and eye treatment was added. The large influx of patients continued to require extensive expansion of the house. The administration has now acquired a plot of land in Berlin-Kreuzberg, Hasenheide 80-87, and had a new building built on it. In the presence of Her Majesty the Empress and Queen Auguste Viktoria , the new children's hospital was inaugurated on March 21, 1887. Before that, at the farewell party of the old hospital, a deaconess mother house had been founded, for which the superior Anna von Lancolle and nine other sisters were obliged to follow the house rules established by the board according to the principles of the Kaiserswerther mother house diakonia . Up to 90 children could now be taken in at the new location. The hospital developed into a well-known independent children's hospital in Berlin.
As a branch of the Elisabeth Children's Hospital , a children's lake hospice was inaugurated on July 7, 1890 in Kolberger Deep in Western Pomerania , which was intended for the admission of weak and ailing children mainly from Berlin.
The nursing care of the little patients finally prompted some diaconal sisters to open a nursing school . This was recognized as a training institution on June 24, 1908 by the Minister of Spiritual, Educational and Medical Affairs . The rapid population growth in Berlin and the surrounding area at the beginning of the 20th century led to the relocation and expansion of the children's hospital. With the Niederbarnim district and the Oberschöneweide, Friedrichsfelde and Friedrichshagen municipalities, contracts for the construction of a general hospital were concluded, preferably for these three municipalities.
When the foundation stone was laid in 1908 at the Treskowallee site in Oberschöneweide, the facility was renamed Queen Elisabeth Hospital . The hospital opened on October 10, 1910 with 130 beds. It treated children and adults with the newly established surgery and interior departments. By the end of the Second World War , the hospital had developed continuously (the internal department under its chief physician Walter Wolff). On the day of the surrender , May 8, 1945, part of the hospital was occupied by the Red Army and used as a military hospital.
In November 1945, after the previous patients had been expelled, the entire facility had to be relocated to a school in Friedrichshagen within three days . In 1946, after long and tough negotiations, the medical facilities and the patients finally moved into houses 1, 3 and 5 of the Herzberge municipal hospital in the Lichtenberg district .
From 1980 the facility was called Evangelisches Diakoniewerk Königin Elisabeth (EDKE) and is still the sponsor of the hospital today.
Specialist hospital for neurology and psychiatry Berlin-Lichtenberg
At the end of the 19th century, the Berlin city council began setting up urban insane asylums on the outskirts. These nerve hospitals were needed for the medical treatment and all-day care of the poorly mentally disturbed , separated into children, women and men. Between 1879 and 1907, three such institutions were established in Dalldorf (first institution , 1879), in the community of Lichtenberg (second institution, 1893) and in Buch ( third institution , opened in 1907).
OF - Open House for Women,
OM - Open House for Men,
AF - Reception House for Women,
AM - Reception House for Men,
UF - Supervision House for Women,
UM - Supervision House for Men ,
LF - Country Houses for Women,
LM - Country Houses for Men,
PF - nursing home for women,
PM - nursing home for men,
I - barracks for infectious patients,
K - kitchen W - laundry room,
E - ice house, PW - gatekeeper and weighing house,
CB - Centralbad, Z - gate house,
G - manor,
L - Morgue,
M - machine and boiler house,
T - pond,
KB - bowling alley,
KF - coal track to Friedrichsfelde
The II. Municipal insane asylum was built according to plans by the architect Hermann Blankenstein on an area acquired by the manor owner Hermann Roeder . It served as a replacement building for the Dalldorf sanatorium and nursing home , whose capacity was no longer sufficient after almost ten years. The reopening took place on June 21, 1893. It was named Städtische Irrenanstalt zu Lichtenberg (Herzberge) and served as accommodation for 1050 adult patients. In 1914, nursing training for the mentally ill began on the site. In 1925 the institution was given the name of the City Medical and Care Institution Herzberge .
During the National Socialist era , “research” was carried out on the mentally disturbed people who lived here because the mentally ill were, in the language of the so-called master people, “unworthy lives that do not need to be protected”. This chapter in the history of the hospital, summarized under the term euthanasia crime, is hardly mentioned in the history of today.
When most of the patients had been "transferred" in 1942, the administration renamed the clinic as the Lichtenberg Municipal Hospital , and now war invalids and infectious patients were also brought here for treatment. In 1943 a psychiatric and neurological ward was reopened. It existed under the name Municipal Hospital until 1945, after the end of the war it was continued as a general hospital and in 1946 the patients of the Queen Elisabeth Hospital were added.
The better treatment of nervous diseases for the purpose of relieving or healing led to the opening of the first psychiatric clinic for adults in 1950 , and a second clinic was added on the premises in 1957. In 1961 a corresponding children's clinic followed. In 1971, the comprehensive treatment of mentally ill patients finally led to the renaming of the facility as Specialist Hospital for Neurology and Psychiatry Berlin-Lichtenberg . The clinic operated under this name until it merged with the Elisabeth Hospital on January 1, 1992.
The KEH in its structure valid since 1992
On January 1, 1992, the two previously independent hospitals were merged as a GmbH under the umbrella of the EDKE. It was renamed the Evangelical Hospital Queen Elisabeth Herzberge (KEH). Between 1992 and 2004 further specialist departments such as urology , vascular surgery , the epilepsy center, gastroenterology , infectiology , nephrology and an emergency room were added, and in 2010 geriatrics. The hospital is now a medical facility for emergency and standard care and at the same time an academic teaching hospital of the Charité . In the meantime (as of May 2020) thirteen specialist departments have been identified. In addition, the MVZ am KEH was set up in a listed outbuilding in Herzbergstrasse , which works closely with the hospital's departments as an outpatient department.
Since January 1, 2001, the hospital has been a non-profit limited company with the partners Von Bodelschwinghsche Stiftungen Bethel , Evangelical Diakoniewerk Queen Elisabeth , Evangelical Diakonieverein Berlin-Zehlendorf and the Hope Valley Institutions Lobetal .
History of the buildings on the KEH site
Plans, principles and initial structures
The first buildings were erected in 1889-1892 on the 95 hectare site. The layout was strictly symmetrical: the three-storey main building with central functions is aligned along a main path in an east-west direction; in extension of its short side wings, paths in north-south direction are laid out, of which three two-storey elongated hospital pavilions, also with one structural emphasis. All the houses are in the neo-Renaissance running style and with yellow and red bricks blinded. - Critics called the building complex at the time of completion barracks architecture . All structures are embedded in green spaces, trees have been planted and even a pond has been created. From 1986, all buildings could be reconstructed step by step.
main building
The main building is structured by a five-axis center riser , the roof of which is supported by a clock tower with a pointed helmet . This house has two short side wings and a rear central wing, in which a chapel is housed with a ballroom above. The facility in the middle wing, also known as the Old Chapel , contains a valuable organ by the master organ builder Johann Friedrich Turley from Treuenbrietzen , which stood in the village church of Wölmsdorf until 1967 . The musical instrument was restored from 1971 to 1976 and adapted to the new location. Church services and regular public concerts by various organizers take place in the chapel.
The main front of the central building is adorned with beige stripes, sill friezes, a balcony, half-columns and a motto ("To protect the spiritual light, to use the common good"). Decorative ornamentation was also built into the interior: the vestibule is a three-aisled hall with baluster columns , stucco on the door frames and the ceilings.
There are two magnolias to the left and right of the entrance to the main building. A roundabout was laid out in front of the house, bearing a fountain, lawn, well-tended flower beds, bushes and benches.
Houses 1–3 and 4–6, 9 and 10 and country houses
Houses 1 to 6
These buildings, with dark red-brown bricks provided and highlighted with beige cross patterns are symmetrical to the northbound path, the houses on the eastern side (even numbers) for female patients who are on the western side (odd numbers) male for Patients were intended. The windows were partly barred, a separate wall surrounded these buildings, the inner wall . The latter was removed during restorations from the 1980s onwards, and the connecting pieces with the buildings can still be seen in a few places (as of 2016). Separate accommodation for male and female patients was discontinued in the 1960s.
Complementary and connecting structures
After the structural renovations from the 1990s onwards, the previous individual houses 1, 3 and 5 were connected to one another by architecturally simplified buildings (houses 103, 105) and form the main focus of treatment in this complex. An emergency center was housed here as well as the functional diagnostics and the operating areas.
Houses 9 and 10
These buildings were rebuilt in 1899 and 1903 to expand the facility.
Country houses - houses 18 to 21
These were intended for the more easily ill or for the employees of the hospital and thus also made more friendly on the outside with light yellow clinker bricks.
Functional buildings
Workshops, boiler house, connecting corridors
Here (or in the gardens or in the fields of the manor, see Herzberge Landscape Park ) the hospital inmates could work. A laundry , a morgue , an unloading station, a bowling alley and the like completed the first asylum. The bowling alley, with its half-timbered buildings, was put on the cultural heritage list by the Monument Office in 2015 . In addition, a transformer house from the structural beginnings of the clinic was added to the listed buildings. The boiler house has been preserved as a building and serves as a museum with events and the hospital library is housed here.
There are underground walkways between all historical buildings on the site, which were previously used for the weather-protected relocations of patients - i.e. without overground transport - and are still there. Since the late 1970s, they have only been used for technical inspection tours of the supply lines that also run in the brick tunnels.
Gatehouse (house number 53)
This small, neo-Gothic, pointed gable house with a guard was not built until 1903; it served patient safety and controlled access to the site by special vehicles. The gatehouse is still (as of 2016) occupied by one person.
New chapel
A dark purple simply designed clinker church building, connected to House 1, was built in 1986 on the initiative of the Evangelical Hospital as a solo building on the KEH site. This chapel is only rarely used for pastoral care , it serves as a cafeteria over lunchtime on weekdays , also as a gallery where artists can exhibit their works. There is an emergency connection from the New Chapel to House 1.
An open bell tower with two bells has stood between the chapel extension of the main building and the green median of the north-south connection . These show the casting year 1998.
Complementary and connecting structures
The extensions that were made from 1950 to 2001 are mostly designed in a purely functional manner and do not have any architecture worth mentioning. However, with their light-colored plastered facades and their simplicity, they deliberately contrast with the clinker brick buildings from the historical beginnings. A continuous, barrier-free functional ensemble has been created by means of the connecting structures between the former men's houses in the western part of the access road . This means that patients can be transferred from the emergency department to the specialist departments that provide further treatment without the need for separate transports.
Other non-medical facilities of the KEH
Leisure and care offers
There is a library, a cafeteria (building 24), two chapels (see above) and the KulturStation (building 37, formerly a patient club ) for hospital patients . Exhibitions, readings, small concerts and theater performances take place here, it serves as a meeting point for self-help groups and offers support during the funeral and other help. In addition, social services, homes, a hygiene institute, a laundry and pastoral care are offered for comprehensive support .
In 2016, the prison management commissioned a landscape gardener (the labyrinth builder Gernot Candolini) from Innsbruck to create a labyrinth on the outdoor area. It was created as "a place of reflection" and is intended to particularly support grief counseling in the hospital. The inauguration took place on August 26, 2016, to which higher-ranking medical professionals and clergy such as theology professor Ulrich HJ Körtner and Albert Diefenbacher were invited. The finished floor labyrinth south of the east-west main path consists of processed natural granite slabs that are around 50 cm wide and of different lengths, including the curves . The approx. 200 m long path leads to a center made of small pavement, which symbolizes a six-petalled flower. The outer dimension (diameter) of the symmetrical labyrinth can be specified as 15 m. The work of art resting in the meadow is surrounded by solar steles that are evenly spaced. Two benches invite you to look outside.
Museum boiler house
The historic boiler house with three generations of steam boilers was shut down in the early 1990s and opened as a technology museum after renovation work in 2003. Cultural events take place regularly on the Kessel level, in the theater and Blankenstein hall. The rooms can be rented for private purposes. The sponsor of the museum is the Förderverein Museum Kesselhaus Herzberge e. V. based on site. The hospital library is located in one wing of this building.
Herzberge Landscape Park
The large area south of the Herzbergstrasse route was part of this facility when the hospital complex was built as the clinic's own estate (see plan from 1896). Inmates were also used here for therapeutic work. - After the major restructuring of the hospital in the 1990s, the greenhouses and technical facilities stood empty for a few years. In 2004, the redevelopment of the Herzberge landscape park began , initiated by a specially founded association. With financial help from the EU , the Lichtenberg district office and sponsors, existing areas were gradually recultivated and developed into a complex of usable areas and leisure opportunities. In the 2010s, the landscape park was expanded to the north by including the area of the former Lichtenberg stadium . There are now two grazing areas for sheep and cattle, a biotope designed with boulders for moved sand lizards and a gravel-filled depression that occasionally becomes a shallow pond.
Commemoration and art on the KEH premises
- A monument to the liberation from fascism made of artificial stone and 5.50 meters high was erected on the main path of the hospital grounds. The main element of the monument is an obelisk , which bears a symbolic Soviet order as a relief on three sides . The front surface of the base contains the gold-plated inscription “8. MAY 1945 ". The other three surfaces of the obelisk must initially have had inscriptions, but they are no longer preserved (as of 2018). Access to this memorial site is south of the main path through a sandstone gate, which (now) also no longer shows any inscriptions. Flowers, bushes and trees surround the small plant.
- Not far from there is a memorial cross carved from almost black marble ( Akşehir site ) in the meadow with the inscription "Christ is my life". It stands here as a symbol for the Diaconal Sisters who died in the service of the Diakoniewerk before 1945. The actual burial site was in the Oberschöneweide forest cemetery , which was closest to the previous location of the hospital. In the meantime, however, it was moved to the Evangelical Cemetery in Friedrichshagen .
There are several works of art in the KEH's green spaces, which were and will be replaced or added after a while:
- In front of the main building there is a fountain with a fountain bowl about ten meters in diameter and a central fountain that can rise up to about five meters. Below that, a ring of smaller nozzles emit jets directed sideways. In front of it, somewhat hidden by bushes, there has been an abstract three “legged” metal work of art since 2010. An explanation could not be found. In 2015, a wooden sculpture was also placed between the fountain basin and the central island, which shows a very slender, long-legged human being.
- Furthermore, there should be the animal sculpture Böckchen made of Reinhardtsdorfer sandstone in the hospital park, designed by Dietrich Grüning and erected in 1983. It could be the wooden body shown here . This has not existed since 2016, in its place an oversized grid made of Corten has been set up.
- On a lawn between Hauptweg and House 1, three rotationally symmetrical bodies made of Corten are distributed, objects from the Kavex series by the artist Herbert Mehler , which were set up here in January 2008. - A large club hangs about 3 meters high between two trees and a wooden abstract work (both of which are by other artists) completes the art group.
- Hardly noticed by visitors to the site, two wire rope acrobats are active day and night: on a longer wire rope stretched between two trees, an acrobat balances with a hoop on each arm and the opposite leg on the rope. An artist can be seen on the same rope doing a one-armed handstand and balancing a chair-like frame made of light metal with the other hand. There are no references to this in the vicinity. The figures appear to be about life-size and made of light material.
- In front of other houses on the hospital grounds and on the central lawn there are abstract sculptures (wood, limestone, metal) as well as a small wooden group of people and an oversized chair.
- ... and would not have love is a three-part abstract concrete column construction by the artist Birgit Knappe and refers to a quote from Dietrich Bonhoeffer . The steles are in front of House 8 on the site.
nature
As already mentioned above, parts of the former hospital industrial area have been outsourced and converted into the Herzberge Landscape Park . The rest of the green spaces on the site are given as around 30 hectares . The Berlin Senate identifies two trees on the site as tree monuments , that is
- a black poplar and
- a maple-leaved plane tree .
There is no indication of their status on the trees themselves, and the other trees also have no numbers that indicate a tree register.
The plane trees in the hospital park are also listed in the Lichtenberger Alleen booklet . Several of their kind lined the track system on which the coal trains drove from the Lichtenberg freight yard to the boiler house. Most of the tracks have been removed and the trees that were planted around 1890 have been preserved.
literature
- The architectural and art monuments in Berlin. Volume II. Ed. Institute for Monument Preservation. Henschelverlag, Berlin 1984, pp. 183-185.
- Jan Feustel : Walks in Lichtenberg . Haude & Spener, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-7759-0409-3 , pp. 39-42.
- Herbert G. Loos: Heart Mountains. The history of the Berlin-Herzberge psychiatric hospital from 1893–1993 . be.bra Verlag, Berlin 2014, ISBN 978-3-95410-021-7 .
Web links
- KEH website
- State monument list Berlin: former City Insane Asylum Herzberge ,Former city insane asylum Herzberge and extensions
- Homepage of the Evangelical Diakoniewerk
- Herzberge boiler house museum
- Archive material in the database of 20th century hospital buildings with some dates and document references
Individual evidence
- ↑ scroll down click on PDF file - hospital plan of the state of Berlin 2016. (PDF; 3.7 MB) p. 60
- ↑ a b c d About us , accessed on June 22, 2020.
- ↑ Walter Marle (Ed.): Lexicon of the entire therapy with diagnostic information. 2 volumes, 4th revised edition. Urban & Schwarzenberg, Berlin / Vienna 1935 ( list of employees ).
- ↑ Bernd Holdorff , Rolf Winau : History of Neurology in Berlin. de Gruyter, Berlin, ISBN 3-11-016913-4 , p. 216.
- ↑ a b c Jan Feustel: Where line 68 once ended - around Herzberge. In: Walks in Lichtenberg. Pp. 39-42.
- ↑ 10 documents in the "Archive of the Hospital Building of the XX. Century " ( Memento from November 9, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Herzbergstrasse. In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (near Kaupert )
- ↑ June 16. (Year 1998) In: Daily Facts. of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein . First reconstructed house handed over.
- ↑ The organ on the homepage of the Evangelical Congregation Lichtenberg , accessed on November 5, 2015.
- ↑ Local leisure tips: Irina Stefan exhibits paintings and sculptures (January and February 2016). In: Berliner Woche , January 27, 2016, p. 4.
- ↑ Flyer: Culture and Encounters in KEH. ed. by The shareholders of KEH gGmbH; As of 2018.
- ↑ Flyer: Warm invitation to the inauguration. The labyrinth is created - a place of reflection in the Evangelical Hospital Queen Elisabeth Herzberge . Displayed in the houses of the KEH in June 2016.
- ↑ Information on Professor Diefenbacher, psychologist and chief physician at KEH , accessed on July 13, 2016.
- ↑ all information on the dimensions of the labyrinth determined in two on-site visits on April 12 and 13, 2018.
- ^ Homepage of the Förderverein Museum Kesselhaus Herzberge ( Memento from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on February 15, 2014
- ↑ Förderverein Landschaftspark Herzberge ( Memento from July 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 25, 2011.
- ↑ The information about the deaconesses comes from an explanation board on the KEH premises; As of April 2018.
- ↑ The little boy could not be found after many intensive searches until April 2018.
- ↑ Die Akrobaten im KEH, discovered in April 2018. See under Commons.
- ↑ Bonhoeffer quote , accessed on June 22, 2020.
- ↑ a b District Office Lichtenberg (Ed.): Lichtenberger Alleen. From maple to willow , here: The plane trees on the grounds of the "KEH" Herzbergstrasse 79, 10365 Berlin (no page number), 2016.