Field Spark

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Field Spark
Field Spark (Spergula arvensis)

Field Spark ( Spergula arvensis )

Systematics
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Paronychioideae
Genre : Spark ( Spergula )
Type : Field Spark
Scientific name
Spergula arvensis
L.

The Acker-Spark ( Spergula arvensis ), also arable Spörgel and Field Spark called, is a flowering plant in the family of the Pink family (Caryophyllaceae).

description

illustration

Appearance and leaf

The Acker-Spark grows as a wintering green, annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 10 to 50 centimeters. The aboveground parts of the plant are scattered with glandular hairs, rarely quite bare. The leaves are opposite, short shoots make them close together and appear lively. The linear-awl leaf blades are arched above and below they have a longitudinal furrow.

Inflorescence and flower

The flowering period extends from June to September. Long-stalked flowers stand together in a panicle inflorescence . The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five free sepals are about 2.5 to 4.5 millimeters long, bluntly rounded and hairy with glands. The five free, white petals are usually 2.5 to 4.5 millimeters long or slightly longer than the sepals. There are usually ten stamens available.

Fruit and seeds

The fruit stalks have been knocked back. In the upright, 4 to 6 millimeter long, five-lobed capsule fruits , the deeply incised flaps bend outward when dry and ripe. The seeds are spherical-lenticular, black, dull and very narrow (up to 0.2 mm wide) winged. The seeds have club-like papillae.

Chromosome set

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 18.

ecology

The Acker-Spark is a summer annual plant, a therophyte . It is rooted up to 50 centimeters deep.

In terms of flower ecology, it is a matter of "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The nectar is secreted semi-concealed at the base of the stamens . The flowers are only open when the sun is shining. Pollinators are two-winged and hymenoptera . In cold weather and when blooming, self-pollination takes place by the anthers leaning towards the scar. The flowers are directed downwards towards the anthesis .

There is animal propagation , wind spread as a disk plane and people spread as a cultural companion. The fruit ripens from July to August and takes place as early as 8 weeks after germination . The seeds can germinate for a long time and are rich in fatty oil.

Field Spark ( Spergula arvensis )

Occurrence

Spergula arvensis is distributed practically worldwide in the cool temperate areas. In Austria, the Acker-Spark occurs frequently. In many places - for example in the Western Alps - it is seldom found or even endangered. In Switzerland it can be found in many areas of the colline and montane altitude range . The Acker-Spark is common and widespread in Germany.

The Acker-Spark grows in arable weed corridors, chopped fields, but also in ruderal areas or in forest areas. It prefers fresh, nutrient-rich, lime and base poor, moderately acidic, humus-rich, loose sandy soils. The Acker-Spark is an acidification indicator . It is a character species of the Polygono-Chenopodion association, but also occurs in societies of the Aperion association. In some areas it is characteristic of the Galeopsio-Sperguletum arvensis. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in Vorarlberg at the Starzelhaus near Baad to an altitude of 1320 meters.

Systematics

The first publication of Spergula arvensis was in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .

This species is quite diverse and is divided into several subspecies or varieties depending on the author.

use

Some forms are also cultivated and prepared as a vegetable similar to spinach .

photos

  • The leaves are rolled up and therefore have a longitudinal furrow on the underside.

  • The membranous stipules of the opposite leaves are not fused together.

  • The flower stalks are hairy glands.

  • Inflorescence with five-fold flowers.

  • The sepals are obtuse and hairy glandular in front.

  • The fruit opens with five teeth.

  • The seeds are spherical and have a skin border at most 0.2 mm wide.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Ed .: Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria . Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants . Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora . With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants . Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .
  • Field Spark. In: FloraWeb.de. (Sections Description and Ecology)
  • Spergula arvensis In: Info Flora (The national data and information center for Swiss flora). - With information from Flora Helvetica . (Sections Description and Occurrence)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Siegmund Seybold : Flora of Germany and neighboring countries. A book for identifying vascular plants that grow wild and often cultivated . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 93rd completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2006, ISBN 3-494-01413-2 , p. 233 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 387.
  3. ↑ a b c Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 749-750 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 510.
  5. ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 440 ( digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D440%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).

Web links

Commons : Acker-Spark ( Spergula arvensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files