Spark (genus)

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Spark
Five-male spark (Spergula pentandra), illustration

Five-male spark ( Spergula pentandra ), illustration

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Clove-like (Caryophyllales)
Family : Carnation family (Caryophyllaceae)
Subfamily : Paronychioideae
Genre : Spark
Scientific name
Spergula
L.

The Spark , Spörgel or Spergel ( Spergula ) is a genus of the carnation family (Caryophyllaceae).

features

The representatives of the genus are usually annual or annual wintering plants, rarely perennial . The plants are bare or covered with glandular hair. The stems grow ascending or often prostrate and are heavily branched from the bottom. The leaves are in multi- leaf pseudo whorls. These arise from the fact that short, leafy side shoots arise on both sides of a knot , giving the impression of tufts of leaves, whorls. The leaf blade is linear-subleaf, the stipules are small, dry-skinned to deciduous.

The inflorescences are loose, terminal dichasias . The flowers are hermaphroditic, five-fold, have a double flower envelope and are clearly stalked. The flower stalk is knocked down after flowering and straightens up again when the fruit is ripe. The sepals are not overgrown and green with a rather broad white skin margin. The petals are entire and white. There are 5 to 10 stamens , the ovary is (rarely three to) five-leaved and has one compartment. The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomogamie ) or by self-pollination . The latter especially in bad weather when the flowers remain closed.

The capsule is egg-shaped or almost spherical and pops open with (rarely three to) five valves. The seeds are often winged. The flowers are usually homogeneous , more rarely proterogynous . The seeds are spread by the wind ( anemochory ).

Spring Spark ( Spergula morisonii )

Systematics

The genus is placed within the family Carnation plants in the subfamily Paronychioideae, Tribe Polycarpeae. There are six species of the genus in Europe and the Mediterranean:

  • Field Spark ( Spergula arvensis L. )
  • Spergula fallax (Lowe) EHL Krause ; it occurs in southern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East
  • Five-male spark ( Spergula pentandra L. )
  • Spring Spark ( Spergula morisonii Boreau )
  • Spergula seminulifera (Hy) Maire
  • Spergula viscosa Lag .; with two subspecies, both of which are found in northern Spain:
    • Spergula viscosa subsp. pourretii M.Laínz
    • Spergula viscosa subsp. viscosa .

The genus name Spergula was transferred to the genus by Linnaeus from the Vorlinné name of Spergula arvensis , "Alsine Spergula dicta major".

supporting documents

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Wilfried Probst, Hans-Oluf Martensen: Illustrated Flora of Germany . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8252-2508-9 , p. 54.
  2. ^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  3. ↑ a b c K. Marhold: Caryophyllaceae. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity . 2011.
  4. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 6 (Caryophyllaceae (Alsinoideae and Paronychioideae)). Page 160, Helsinki 1983. ISBN 951-9108-05-X

Web links

Commons : Spergula  - collection of images, videos and audio files