Domowina
| Domowina Federation of Lusatian Sorbs V. Zwězk Łužyskich Serbow z. t. Zwjazk Łužiskich Serbow z. t. (DOMOWINA) |
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| legal form | registered association |
| founding | October 13, 1912 in Hoyerswerda |
| Seat | Bautzen |
| main emphasis | Umbrella organization of Sorbian clubs and associations |
| Chair | David Statnik |
| Managing directors | Marko Kowar |
| Members | 7,300 |
| Website | www.domowina.de |
The Domowina - officially Zwězk Łužyskich Serbow z. t. (Lower Sorbian), (Upper Sorbian), Federation of Lusatian Sorbs e. V. - is the umbrella organization of Sorbian clubs and associations with headquarters in the House of the Sorbs in Bautzen . Until it was banned in 1937, it was called the German Association of Lausitzer Wenden .
The aim of Domowina is to represent the political and cultural interests of the approximately 60,000 Sorbs or Wends, who mostly live in the federal states of Saxony and Brandenburg , at regional, state and federal level and to maintain and maintain the Sorbian / Wendish language and culture promote.
Surname
The Sorbian word Domowina is a poetic expression for home . The name was suggested by one of the main initiators of the foundation, the then Nochten pastor and long-time deputy chairman Bogumił Šwjela .
history
The German Imperium
prehistory
The Federation of Wendish Associations was founded in Bautzen in 1848. However, like all patriotic associations, it was banned after a year. New attempts in 1898 also failed.
founding
Only the rural electoral association dared to take the decisive step in April 1912, as a result of which the federal government was founded on October 13, 1912 by 60 representatives from 31 Sorbian associations in the ball and society center at Braugasse 1 on the market in Hoyerswerda . Any association based on a Christian faithful to the king and fatherland could join. Its first chairman was initially acting Arnošt Bart-Brězynčanski .
Former ball and society center in Hoyerswerda - the place where Domowina was founded
Jěwa Wórša Lanzyna's founding stele at the former ballroom and society house in Hoyerswerda
Memorial plaque on the former ballroom and society center in Hoyerswerda
Arnošt Bart, first chairman
Weimar Republic
Forced into inactivity by World War I, she resumed work in 1920. On July 21, 1921, the first three district associations Bautzen, Kamenz and Hoyerswerda were founded, which were later followed by two more. Between 1925 and 1935 it organized numerous central association meetings.
National Socialist dictatorship
Attempted synchronization
During the reign of National Socialism , attempts were initially made to instrumentalize the Domowina for political purposes. The National Socialists initially allowed the Sorbs to continue their language and ethnicity cultivation in a reduced manner. But the pressure grew to view the Sorbs as a German tribe. The Federation of German East under its then head Theodor Oberländer was in charge of the attempts to harmonize and the eventual ban .
Prohibition and Expropriation
After the demands of the Federation of German East on the Domowina to designate itself in the statute as an association of Wendish-speaking Germans, repeatedly failed due to the resolute policy of chairman Pawoł Nedo , it was reorganized on the basis of individual membership in 1934 March 1937 forbidden any activity. In 1941 the organization was expropriated.
"Opening.
The Herr Amtshauptmann zu Bautzen orally opened the following to me today, March 18, 1937:
'Since the Domowina has not declared itself ready to accept the draft statute submitted by the authorities in November 1936, in future all public and closed Events and meetings of the Domowina and all its affiliated organizations are viewed as contrary to the maintenance of public peace, security and order and are therefore prohibited on the basis of general police authority and, if necessary, dissolved. This opening may not be published in the Wendish press. '
My request as to whether this notification would still be sent to Domowina in writing was answered in the negative.
B autzen, on March 18, 1937
signed P. N edo "
Soviet occupation zone
renovation
Just two days after the end of the war and only five days after the end of the last fighting in Crostwitz , on May 10, 1945, the Domowina was opened by the initiators Dr. Jan Cyž , Michał Čunka, Franc Natuš, Jurij Ješki and Mikławš Brězan in the Natusch house in Crostwitz. Nedo was again its chairman until his resignation in 1950. The re-establishment of the Domowina for Niederlausitz did not take place until 1946 in Werben (Spreewald) . The first area chairman was Měto Lažki (1889–1972). At first she was only active in Upper Lusatia, because the resumption of work in Lower Lusatia at the instigation of the Brandenburg SED leadership under Friedrich Ebert and Cottbus District Administrator Franz Saisowa (SED) was not permitted until 1949 in view of their alleged separatist efforts. Sorbian activities were initially systematically suppressed there.
Line fidelity
However, the Domowina soon relied on cooperation with the authorities and, from March 1946, submitted to the political line of the KPD. In autumn 1946 she agreed to the merging of the SPD and KPD to form the SED and the establishment of uniform electoral lists.
GDR
During the GDR , the Domowina, like all parties and mass organizations, was captured by the SED. Since the VII Federal Congress in 1969, the Domowina has officially designated itself as the socialist national organization of the Sorbs, which further dwindled acceptance among parts of the Sorbian population.
In the minority protection article of the GDR constitution of 1949 , the Sorbs were recognized as a foreign-language part of the population, but not as a national minority, as required by the Domowina. The formation of independent Sorbian positions in opposition to the government was essentially not possible within the framework of the organization. The Domowina was a member of the National Front . Nedo's successor was the old communist and Stalinist Kurt Krjeńc in 1951 .
Reunified Germany
Renewal process
On November 11, 1989, the " Sorbian People's Assembly " , which was in opposition to the loyal Domowina, called for national dialogue and demanded a fundamental change from the Domowina. A Sorbian round table worked out the positions of the representatives of the Sorbs' interests and prepared the renewal process of the Domowina. At an extraordinary federal congress on March 17, 1990, a new statute was adopted in which the Domowina declared itself to be the politically independent and independent national organization of the Sorbian people. Delegates elected a new leadership and committed themselves in a resolution to restore German unity. A year later, as a registered association, it enabled Sorbian clubs and associations to join again in addition to individual membership. As the legal successor to the old Domowina, she thus followed up on the founding consensus of 1912. At the second general assembly on June 15, 1991 the renewal process came to a preliminary conclusion with the acceptance of a new program, the accession of six specific Sorbian associations and the election of a new honorary chairman.
present
The Domowina belongs to the Society for Threatened Peoples , the European Bureau for Language Minorities (EBLUL) and the Federal Union of European Ethnic Groups (FUEN). The Domowina - Bund Lausitzer Sorben e. V. with the involvement of all sub-associations organized in it, around 7,300 members.
Chairperson
The Federal Congress presided over from 1951 to 1990. From 1973 onwards, it was headed by the 1st Secretary of the Federal Executive Committee.
| 1912-1927 |
Arnošt Bart Ernst August Barth |
* 1870; † 1956 | Merchant, farmer, mayor, member of the state parliament | Co-founder and initially acting chairman |
| 1927-1930 |
Jakub Šewčik Jacob Shevchik |
* 1867; † 1935 | Pastor, cultural historian, poet | |
| 1930-1933 |
Jan Křižan Johannes Zieschang |
* 1880; † 1959 | Pastor, cultural worker | |
| 1933-1937 1945-1951 |
Pawoł Nedo Paul Nedo |
* 1908; † 1984 | Teacher, scientist, publicist | |
| 1951-1973 |
Kurt Krjeńc Kurt Krenz |
* 1907; † 1978 | Porcelain turner, quarry worker, member of the People's Chamber | |
| 1964-1990 |
Jurij Grós Jurij Large |
* 1931; † 2019 | Carpenter, teacher, member of the Volkskammer, district councilor | 1st Secretary of the National Board of Domowina |
| 1990-1991 |
Bjarnat Cyž Bernhard Ziesch |
* 1951 | Electrical engineer | |
| 1991-1992 |
Jan Pawoł Nagel Jan Paul Nagel |
* 1934; † 1997 | composer | |
| 1993-2000 |
Jakub Brankačk Jakob Brankatschk |
Teacher | ||
| 2000-2011 |
Jan Nuk Jan Nuck |
* 1947 | Electrical engineer, entrepreneur | |
| since 2011 |
Dawid Statnik David Statnik |
* 1983 | Stage master | since 2013 as main office |
Association headquarters
Domowina's headquarters were initially in the Wendisches Haus (Serbski dom) on Bautzener Lauengraben, which opened in 1904 and which burned out in the last days of the war in 1945. She has resided there since the completion of the new “ House of the Sorbs ” on Postplatz in 1956.
Offices
- House of the Sorbs Bautzen (Serbski dom Budyšin)
- Wendish House Cottbus (Serbski dom Chóśebuz)
Regional offices
- Regional office Kamenz (Kamjenc) in Crostwitz (Chrósćicy)
- Regional office Hoyerswerda (Wojerecy)
- Regional office Bautzen (Budyšin)
- Regional office Weißwasser / Niesky (Běła Woda / Niska) in Loop (Slepo)
Regional associations "župa"
- Domowina regional association " Jan Arnošt Smoler " Bautzen based in Bautzen:
- founded on July 24, 1921 in Bautzen
- Domowina regional association " Michał Hórnik " Kamenz based in Crostwitz:
- founded on July 24, 1921
- Domowina regional association " Handrij Zejler " Hoyerswerda based in Hoyerswerda:
- founded on July 24, 1921 in Hoyerswerda
- Domowina regional association Niederlausitz based in Cottbus:
- Predecessors were the former regional or district associations Cottbus (from 1949/50), Guben / Forst (1954), Calau / Lübben (1955) and Spremberg (1956) and was established on May 31, 1991 as today's Regionalverband Niederlausitz e. V. founded.
- Domowina regional association " Jakub Lorenc-Zalěski " with seat in Loop :
- The Domowina district association Niesky was founded in 1945. In 1957 the Domowina structure was aligned with the administrative structure of the GDR. With the new districts, the Domowina district associations Weißwasser and Niesky were created. The reunification took place in 1991.
Member associations
The following associations belong to the Domowina Federation :
- the regional associations (called "župa" in Sorbian) Bautzen , Kamenz , Hoyerswerda , Weißwasser / Niesky and the regional association of Niederlausitz
- the Sorbian School Association e. V.
- the Association of Sorbian Students
- the Serbski Sokoł e. V. (Sorbian Sports Club)
- the Sorbian cultural tourism e. V.
- the Maćica Serbska e. V. (Sorbian Scientific Association)
- the Federation of Sorbian Choral Societies e. V.
- the Sorbian Artists Association V.
- the Cyrill-Methodius-Verein e. V. (Association of Catholic Sorbs)
- "Pawk" z. t. (Sorbian Youth Association)
- the Association of Sorbian Craftsmen and Entrepreneurs e. V.
- the support group for Sorbian folk culture e. V.
- the Society for the Promotion of a Sorbian Culture and Information Center in Berlin SKI e. V.
- the Bischof-Benno-Haus Schmochtitz as a supporting member.
"Lipa" (linden) symbol and badge
The national board of the Domowina dealt with the symbolic symbol of the Domowina in its meeting on August 25, 1949. From 20 proposals submitted, the unanimous choice was the design by the Sorbian painter and graphic artist Hanka Krawcec (Hannah Schneider; 1901–1990).
"The symbol of the Domowina shows three silver linden leaves on a red background, which grow from a tree trunk with eight roots." A broken but still firmly rooted trunk is sprouting new leaves - a symbol of the Sorbian nationality, which was weakened by National Socialism, but is regaining its strength.
Association magazine "Naša Domowina" (Our Domowina)
The club magazine is called Naša Domowina . It was founded in 1935 by Pawoł Nedo as an independent supplement to the Serbske Nowiny newspaper . Today it bears the name Naša Domowina - Informacije třěšneho zwjazka * Informacije kšywowego zwězka * Information of the umbrella organization and is published by the office in Bautzen.
Prices
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The Domowina has been awarding the Domowina Prize (Myto Domowiny) , the Domowina Young Talent Prize (Myto Domowiny za dorost) and, since 1959, the Badge of Honor (Čestne znamješko) to deserving personalities since 1990 . The Domowina Prize honors personalities who are determined and successful for the development of the Sorbian culture and language. The Domowina Young Talent Award is given to young people or a youth group who are particularly committed to Sorbian issues. Merits in the implementation of the program and the guidelines of Domowina are recognized with the Domowina Badge of Honor. From 1961 to 1989 the Domowina Literature Prize and Art Prize were awarded.
literature
- Edmund Pjech, Ines Kellerowa: 100 lět Domowina (1912–2012): Konferenca. Serbski institut / Maćica Serbska / Domowina, Budyšin 2014, ISBN 978-3-9813244-5-7 .
Web links
- Domowina website (Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian, German).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Construction of the ball and society center at Braugasse 1 , Kulturfabrik Hoyerswerda
- ^ Sorbs - Serbja , hoyerswerda.de
- ↑ Siegmund Musiat: Sorbische / Wendische Vereine 1716-1937. A manual. Bautzen 2001, p. 335
- ↑ Joachim Bahlcke (Ed.): History of Upper Lusatia. Leipzig 2001, p. 301
- ↑ Peter Kunze: Brief history of the Sorbs. A cultural and historical overview in 10 chapters. Sächsische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung, Dresden 1995 (edition taken over by the Sächsische Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung from Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen), p. 70, ISBN 3-7420-1633-4
- ↑ www.crostwitz.de: Chronicle.
- ↑ On the history of the Domowina regional association Niederlausitz. Domowina.de
- ↑ Thomas Pastor: The legal position of the Sorbs in Germany. Bautzen 1997, p. 39
- ↑ Thomas Pastor: The legal position of the Sorbs in Germany. Bautzen 1997, p. 32
- ↑ a b January Solta, Petr Kunze, Francesco Sen (eds.): Nowy biografiski słownik k stawiznam a kulturje Serbow [New biographical dictionary of the history and culture of the Sorbs]. Ludowe nakładnistwo Domowina, Budyšin [Bautzen] 1984
- ↑ dpa: Domowina chairman Statnik confirmed in office . In: Saxon newspaper . DD + V, Dresden March 23, 2013 ( online [accessed March 25, 2013]).
- ↑ Art. 1, Paragraph 2 of the statutes of Domowina - Bund Lausitzer Sorben e. V.