Senftenberg castle wall
| Senftenberg castle wall | ||
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 Map of the area (1850) |
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| Conservation status: | Burgstall | |
| Place: | Senftenberg | |
| Geographical location | 51 ° 31 '57 " N , 14 ° 1' 42" E | |
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The castle wall of Senftenberg was a settlement system from the end of the Early Iron Age in the present area of southern Brandenburg district town of Senftenberg in Oberspreewald-Lausitz .
location
The castle wall was located in the lowlands of the Schwarzen Elster and Sornoer Elster in the so-called Laugkfeld. The plant was devastated by the Sedlitz opencast mine . Research into the facility took place in the early 1930s. It was located about 2 kilometers northeast of the Senftenberg Peter and Paul Church in the direction of Sedlitz .
Castle ramparts before the excavation
Before the excavation work began, the castle wall was already known and was referred to as the "Old Castle". There were stories about him. It is said to have been a robber 's nest or the place where the midday woman goes around.
Ernst Friedel , director of the Märkisches Provinzialmuseum , examined the castle wall as early as May 22nd, 1887 and found that “it falls into the time before the Slavic settlement.” The vessels had “pre-Slavic ornamentation and design”.
Trigger for the excavations
The Ilse Bergbau AG in 1927 opened up the open pit Ilse-East (afterwards opencast Sedlitz) in dehydrated Laugkfeld to lignite dismantle. From 1931, the castle wall was threatened by open-cast lignite mining. For this reason there were excavations on the castle wall, which were funded by the Ilse. The excavations on the castle wall began on June 8, 1931 and were directed by Alfred Götze from Berlin. They took place in two four-week excavation phases in 1931 and 1932. In the autumn of 1932 the castle wall was devastated.
Excavation finds
The excavation finds included over 1000 wooden posts and post pits , wooden whorls , vessels and fragments of a bronze form for a needle. These finds could be assigned to the Billendorfer culture . Furthermore, burnt millet , peas and cereal grains were found in a post hole .
Results of the excavation
The Senftenberger Burgwall was laid out as an irregular circle. Its diameter was 150 meters. The settlement was in the early Iron Age , that is in the time from 800 to 400 BC. Chr.
After an initial settlement phase, the facility was completely destroyed by a major fire. A second system with a simplified gate system was then built at the same location. The gate was the only access to the castle wall.
The arrangement of the posts and post holes allowed conclusions to be drawn about the internal structures of the castle and ramparts. Within the facility, in front of the gate, there was a vacant space that may have been used as a marketplace . In the first settlement phase, the post houses were built in orderly rows. The streets were straight. In the second settlement phase after the reconstruction, the houses were built in a disorderly manner. The number of houses reconstructed from the post holes found suggested that around 650 people lived in the settlement. The wall was a wood and earth structure. On the inside it was bordered by a wooden ring road. Flood protection and defense against enemy attacks are assumed to be the reason for the fortification . A hollowed oak trunk with a diameter of one meter served as a well . The whorls found among other things come from the well.
The residents practiced agriculture, cattle breeding and pottery and worked bronze . The planned system suggests the division of labor and social differentiation of the residents.
After the abandonment, there was no Slavic resettlement.
References and comments
- ↑ Werner Forkert : Senftenberger retrospectives. Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history . Publisher of the bookstore "Glück Auf", 2006.
- ↑ Senftenberger Anzeiger , 1st supplement to No. 141 from June 19, 1931
- ↑ Neuer Görlitzer Anzeiger , 2nd supplement from July 7, 1931
literature
- Publications of the Museum for Pre- and Early History Potsdam 5 , 1969
- Local history sheets from Museum Senftenberg No. 7, 1990
- Isolde Rösler: Alt-Senftenberg. A picture chronicle . Editor of the Senftenberg District Museum . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1992, ISBN 3-89264-731-3
- Isolde Rösler, Heinz Noack: Senftenberger See. Historical hikes through Buchwalde, Kleinkoschen, Großkoschen, Hosena, Peickwitz, Niemtsch, Brieske, Colony Marga . Editor of the Senftenberg District Museum. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1993, ISBN 3-89264-872-7 .
- Werner Forkert : Senftenberger reviews. Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history . Publisher of the bookstore "Glück Auf", 2006.
- Senftenberger Anzeiger , 1st supplement to No. 141 from June 19, 1931