Ilse Bergbau AG

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Commercial art of Kurt Fiedler

The Ilse Bergbau AG was in the 20th century one of the leading mining companies in the Lausitz .

history

Ilse Bergbau AG shares of more than 1,000 marks from October 1, 1921
Ilse coal mine near Senftenberg (1918)

In 1871 the Berlin chemical company Kunheim & Co. settled in Bückgen near Großräschen in Lusatia, bought some mine fields and built an oxalic acid factory . The fuel needed in large quantities was in the pit Ilse in civil engineering promoted. The heavily clayey overburden , which was inevitably raised as a by-product, was processed in the brickworks built at the same time . In 1879 a briquette factory was added. In 1888 the entire business area of lignite mining and coal refining was spun off, and Ilse Bergbau AG was created .

By 1900, the company opened numerous pits and built briquette factories. Opencast mining was introduced at the Ilse mine as early as 1885 and modern steam excavators were used to clear overburden. When the Marga pit was opened in 1906, well drainage was introduced and the first coal excavators were used in 1912. In 1906 Gottlob Schumann was appointed general director of Ilse Bergbau AG.

The company's brickworks also gained importance in art history through the sophisticated production of figures by the sculptor Ernst Barlach , while the garden city of Marga bei Brieske, which was built for the company as a workers' settlement, is the earliest - albeit only partial - implementation of the garden city idea in Germany.

In the course of a hostile takeover , the Jewish industrialist Ignaz Petschek ( Aussig ) gained the majority of the shares from 1929 . In 1934 the company became a founding member of Braunkohle-Petrol AG (Brabag) and from then on supplied the Brabag plant in Schwarzheide with over one million tons of raw lignite every year . After the expropriation of the Ignaz Petschek heirs , VIAG AG acquired the majority of shares in Ilse Bergbau AG from 1939, which had already held 27% of the shares.

After the end of the war in 1945, the company lost around half of its facilities due to shutdowns and dismantling by the Soviet occupying forces. In 1947 the Ilse works in the Soviet occupation zone were completely expropriated . A small part of the company's assets were transferred to the west of Germany and helped to acquire a lignite mine on the Hohe Meißner in northern Hesse , which was leased in 1949 due to a lack of liquid funds for mine expansion.

In 1950 Ilse Bergbau AG acquired 13 fields in the Rhenish lignite mining district near Jüchen . These were sold in 1956/1957, and the proceeds were invested in shares of Rheinisch-Westfälische Elektrizitätswerke AG (RWE) . The RWE shares were gradually sold from 1964 and the proceeds invested in power plant construction. After Bayernwerk AG participated in the subsidiary Ilse Energie- und Industrieanlagen GmbH, founded in 1964 and based in Düsseldorf , it was renamed Ilse Bayernwerk Energieanlagen GmbH in 1966.

In 1973 an energy transfer agreement was signed with VIAG. In 1994 the subsidiary merged with the parent company Ilse Bergbau AG, which after its liquidation became part of VIAG's corporate assets.

Between 1993 and 1999 efforts were made to seek compensation and reimbursement for the expropriations in the Soviet zone of occupation. The heirs of the dispossessed family Petschek reported the same demands on shares of lignite plants Laubag and Mibrag , which, however, without further compensation to the heirs Petschek by the Treuhand-successor BvS were sold to German and Anglo-American investors.

Web links

Commons : Ilse Bergbau AG  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Ilse Bergbau AG (Ed.): Ilse Bergbau-Actiengesellschaft. Festschrift to celebrate the 25th anniversary of Ilse Bergbau-Actiengesellschaft 1888-1913. Berlin, 1913.
  • Konrad Keilhack : The geological conditions of Niederlausitz with special consideration of the old and new opencast mines of the Ilse Bergbau-Actiengesellschaft. BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, 2015.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The International: Journal for the Practice and Theory of Marxism. Volume 13. New Criticism Publishing House, 1930, p. 760.
  2. ^ Early documents and newspaper articles on Ilse Bergbau AG in the 20th Century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
  3. ↑ Uwe Steinhuber: : One hundred years mining reclamation in the Lausitz. Dissertation, Philosophical Faculty of the University of Olomouc , 2005, p. 170.
  4. ↑ ILSE MINING: Petschek versus Piatscheck . In: Der Spiegel . No. 6 , 1962 ( online ).