Rauno
Rauno , Rowna in Lower Sorbian , was a village north of Senftenberg in the former Senftenberg district . In 1983/1984 Rauno was excavated by the Meuro opencast mine .
location
Rauno was in Niederlausitz . To the south lies the city of Senftenberg , the transition between the two places was fluid. To the west are the towns of Hörlitz , Klettwitz and Meuro , some of which were excavated by the Meuro opencast mine. The now completely devastated town of Sauo bordered to the northwest . In the north, the places followed Kleinräschen and Großräschen and in the northeast Bückgen , which was also later be dredged as Großräschen-Süd. Reppist , which was also excavated, was located east of Rauno.
The corridors of Raunos were at a height of 140 meters, making the place after Kostebrau the second highest place in the former district of Calau .
history
Viticulture is said to have been practiced on the Rauno plateau since the 12th century. The oldest known mention of Raunos comes from the year 1416. In 1474 it was mentioned as Ruwne , 1506 as Rawen and 1555 as Raune . The name develops to Rauno in 1600 and Rowna in 1843. The place name is of Sorbian origin and should be derived from rowny or rona . Rowny means even and smooth and could refer to the plateau on which Rauno lay. Rona means straight because the place was laid out in one direction. All the farmsteads in the Zeilendorf were north of the east-west village road. The regional idiom: "In Rauno, the pigs are all slaughtered on one side."
By the beginning of the 15th century at the latest, Rauno belonged to the Senftenberg rule , which from 1448 belonged to the Electorate of Saxony . In 1550 Rauno had 17 farms. There were ten vineyards around the place. In 1573 the residents were given the right to cut wine stakes for the vineyards in the forest behind the Senftenberg parish. The Rauno seal from 1738 shows a barrel and flowers sprouting on the left and right. Above is the inscription RAUNE .
Since the beginning of the 19th century, Rauno was parish in Senftenberg. As a result of the Congress of Vienna , Rauno came to the Kingdom of Prussia . Around 1860 three brickworks were built in the village. In 1866 the Heinrich shaft was built to the right of the street , in which lignite was extracted with a reel . This brown coal operated the Senftenberg steam mill. The shaft was taken over by the Henkel company, which enlarged the pit. Further coal mines were built, which were operated by Ilse Bergbau AG . In 1910, of the 256 hectares of agricultural land, only 149 hectares were used for agriculture. 107 hectares had already become a minefield. From the 1870s to 1900 there was a surge in population due to the arrival of industrial workers. The village changed its character to an industrial and mining community. In 1880 Arnošt Muka described the ethnic situation in such a way that 17.1 percent of the population (125) were Sorbs, almost all of whom could still speak Sorbian. In 1926 and 1927 a part of the town was demolished due to the surrounding opencast mines. 1060 inhabitants were relocated to Ilse-Bergbau AG company apartments in Bückgen and Sedlitz . Rauno owned the Bertha settlement , which was built around the briquette factory of the same name. After 1945 the briquette factory was renamed "Rosa-Luxemburg". Rauno came from the Calau district to the newly founded Senftenberg district in 1953 . On January 2, 1974, Rauno was incorporated into Senftenberg. Between 1970 and 1982 401 residents of the place were resettled. In 1983, the site began to be excavated by the Meuro opencast mine at the so-called Höhe 304.
The Raunoer Friedhof was moved to the Senftenberger Waldfriedhof together with the cemeteries of the also devastated towns of Sorno and Rosendorf . At today's Reppist vantage point, a sign reminds you of the excavated places like Rauno.
A war memorial, which was erected in 1889 for a fallen Raunoer of the Franco-German War , was implemented in 1927 by the warriors and veterans association due to the demolition of the suburb. Today this monument stands in front of Senftenberg Castle .
Population development
| Population development in Rauno from 1846 to 1971 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | year | Residents |
| 1846 | 200 | 1875 | 492 |
| 1890 | 1279 | 1910 | 1960 |
| 1925 | 1694 | 1933 | 780 |
| 1939 | 651 | 1946 | 656 |
| 1950 | 529 | 1964 | 508 |
| 1971 | 450 | ||
Former infrastructure
There was a sand track in Rauno. There was a fire watch tower and a TBC sanatorium, which was located at the so-called height 304. This allegedly bore her name because soldiers who had returned from the First World War and fought at the height 304 near Verdun gave the elevation this name.
The Kreischaussee , which led to Großräschen, ran through the village as an extension of what is now Senftenberger Bahnhofstrasse .
See also
literature
- Frank Förster : Disappeared Villages. The demolition of the Lusatian lignite mining area by 1993 . (= Writings of the Sorbian Institute. 8) Bautzen 1995, ISBN 3-7420-1623-7
- Werner Forkert: Senftenberger reviews. Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history . Publisher of the bookstore "Glück Auf", 2006.
- Erika Jantzen: The series of pictures from the GDR. Black gold from Senftenberg . Sutton, Erfurt 2002, ISBN 3-89702-495-0 .
- Max Barthel : Germany - photographs and silhouettes of a journey . Book guild Gutenberg, Berlin 1926 (p. 131 f.)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dieter Sawall . Land and people in front of Lake Ilse. The landscape of the Rauno plateau. Naturschutzbund Deutschland Regionalverbund Senftenberg e. V.
- ↑ H. Glienke. Home memories. Our old village seal. Großräschen
- ↑ Brandenburg Statistics (PDF) for data from 1875
Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 23 " N , 13 ° 59 ′ 56.9" E