Sauo
Sauo ( Lower Sorbian Sowje or Sowjo ) was a village north-west of Senftenberg in the former Senftenberg district . In 1971 Sauo was excavated by the Meuro open pit mine .
location
Sauo was located in Niederlausitz on a plateau at a height of 131 meters above sea level. To the south lay the city of Senftenberg and the also excavated village of Rauno . To the west were the villages of Meuro and Drochow . To the north came Dobristroh, today's Freienhufen , and Großräschen . In the east, Sauo bordered Bückgen and Reppist . The size of the district was about 700 hectares.
history
Sauo was first mentioned as Sow in 1474 . The name changed from Sawa in 1501 to Sawe 1506 to Saw in 1509. In 1529 the place was called Sowe , 1551 again as Saw , 1555 as Sawo and 1594 as Sawe . The designation as Sau took place in 1609 and 1666 as Saue . The naming as Sauo and Sorbian as Sowjo followed in 1692 and 1843. The place name is derived from the Sorbian word for "owl" Sowa and means "owl place" or "place with many owls". The village seal, which has been documented since 1738, is, however, a talking seal that represents a sow with the inscription SAUE . This is an indication that the authors of the seal were no longer aware of the original meaning of the place name. A coat of arms with a sow in the field was attached to the municipal office, which was built in 1928.
The original form of settlement of the village was a line that was laid out in an east-west direction. Sauo belonged to the Senftenberg rule , which passed to the Electorate of Saxony in 1448 . The residents were not liable to pay taxes directly to the Senftenberg office, but to the Senftenberg parish church . The water from the Sojenza flowing near Sauo was conveyed in a tube to the drinking water supply via the Senftenberger Vorwerk Thamm to the market square in Senftenberg. The most important road led from Senftenberg to Dobristroh. In 1695 there were 14 hofners , two gardeners and four cottagers in Sauo . The number of farms remained unchanged until 1817. The labor service included the grape harvest in the office's vineyards to the south-southwest of Sauos. In addition, the residents had to dig and secure the palisades on the vineyard. In 1774, hunting services were required from the Sauoern, but the Saxon Finance College rejected their objection as parish farmers. The separation from the compulsory labor lasted until the last third of the 19th century. Until 1876 the Sauoer farmers did manual and tensioning services on church buildings in Senftenberg. With the Congress of Vienna , Sauo, like all of Lower Lusatia, came to the Kingdom of Prussia and was part of the Calau district .
The separation took effect in Sauo 1845. Due to the resulting land movement, 50 residential buildings and a brick factory were built in the village by 1867. In the same year the first lignite mine was opened in the district . As more coal mines opened up, industrial workers moved in. Arnošt Muka established in 1880 that of the almost 300 inhabitants, only twelve elderly people and some young women who were married from Sorbian areas to Sauo understood the Sorbian language. The village lost its rural character. The trade in coal fields was dominated by the Anhaltische Kohlenwerke AG (AKW) . In 1906/1907 the nuclear power plant opened the Marie III mine near Sauo. A barrack camp was built for these workers south of the village. Stables were converted into tenement houses. In the years 1922 to 1925, some residential buildings had to be demolished for the construction of industrial plants. Due to the imminent closure of the Marie III mine, numerous families of miners moved to the Central German lignite area from 1934 to 1936 . On July 26, 1940, the Sauo National Socialist mayor applied to the district administrator in Calau to change the Sorbian place name to Eulenhorst . However, this proposal was not implemented.
On April 21, 1945, the Red Army entered Sauo without a fight. The inhabitants had hidden in the nearby pit and dump area and returned to the undestroyed place. From 1945 to 1948 the land reform was carried out in Sauo despite hardly any agricultural land. 33 hectares of mine-owned land were parceled out and distributed to expellees from the east. There was no collectivization of agriculture in Sauo.
With the Brandenburg administrative reform in 1953, Sauo, like most other places of the former Senftenberg office, came to the newly founded Senftenberg district . In 1971 the site was demolished by the Meuro opencast mine. Most of the 760 registered resettlers moved to Großräschen and Senftenberg. The devastated areas of Sauo were incorporated into Drochow, today part of the municipality of Schipkau , on January 1, 1973 .
Like the cemeteries of the municipalities of Rauno , Sorno and Rosendorf , the Sauoer Friedhof was reburied in a community grave in the Senftenberger Waldfriedhof .
Population development
| Population development in Sauo from 1846 to 1971 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| year | Residents | year | Residents |
| 1846 | 190 | 1875 | 316 |
| 1890 | 432 | 1910 | 1063 |
| 1925 | 1471 | 1933 | 1448 |
| 1939 | 1033 | 1946 | 1047 |
| 1950 | 1035 | 1964 | 796 |
| 1971 | 367 | ||
Village church
In 1934 a former stable was converted into a church. The Anhalt coal works and Ilse Bergbau AG financed the renovation. The 15 meter high church tower had two church bells that were made in the Apolda bell foundry . The church tower had a glass bulb from which the cross protruded. In 1971 the church was dredged over.
Sons and daughters
The former deputy general manager of the GDR radio station Wernfried Maltusch was born in Sauo in 1926. The physicist and poet Ingolf Brökel was born here on July 22, 1950.
literature
- Frank Förster : Disappeared Villages. The demolition of the Lusatian lignite mining area by 1993 . (= Writings of the Sorbian Institute. 8) Bautzen 1995. ISBN 3-7420-1623-7
- Publication series for local history research in the Senftenberg district , issue No. 1
- Werner Forkert: Senftenberger reviews. Interesting facts from Senftenberg's history . Publisher of the bookstore "Glück Auf", 2006.
- Dieter Sawall. Land and people in front of Lake Ilse. The landscape of the Rauno plateau . Naturschutzbund Deutschland Regionalverbund Senftenberg e. V.
- Erika Jantzen: The series of pictures from the GDR. Black gold from Senftenberg . Sutton, Erfurt 2002, ISBN 3-89702-495-0 .
See also
Web links
- Sauo in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Brandenburg Statistics (PDF) for data from 1875
Coordinates: 51 ° 33 ' N , 13 ° 58' E