Lauta
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 28 ' N , 14 ° 6' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Bautzen | |
| Height : | 114 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 42.14 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 8363 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 198 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 02991 | |
| Area code : | 035722 | |
| License plate : | BZ, BIW, HY, KM | |
| Community key : | 14 6 25 310 | |
| City structure: | 6 parts of the community | |
City administration address : |
Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 18 02991 Lauta |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Frank Lehmann (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Lauta in the Bautzen district | ||
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Lauta ( Sorbian Łuty ) is a small town in the north of the Saxon district of Bautzen .
geography
The municipality is located on the southern edge of the Lusatian Lake District , south of the Black Elster . The city borders in the west on the districts Großkoschen and Hosena of the Brandenburg city Senftenberg , whose city center is about 15 kilometers away. In an easterly direction, about 15 kilometers away, is Hoyerswerda . The Erikasee is located in the municipality, the Senftenberger See a little west of it. Lauta belongs historically to Upper Lusatia, but in the GDR, like Hoyerswerda, was counted as part of Lower Lusatia. The surrounding villages, such as Ruhland and Hoyerswerda, are today again committed to the historic Upper Lusatia. In Lauta the affiliation to Niederlausitz is emphasized.
City structure
Lauta is divided into the town of Lauta (Lauta-Nord, Lauta-Süd, Lauta-Dorf) and the districts
The three districts Leippe, Torno and Johannisthal were merged as a village under the former municipality name Leippe-Torno .
Neighboring communities
The town of Senftenberg, the municipality of Elsterheide and the towns of Hoyerswerda and Bernsdorf border Lauta (clockwise from the north) .
Hydrology
The following bodies of water are located in the urban area of Lauta:
- Erikasee
- Mehnerts ponds
- Residual hole heather
- Remaining lake heather V
- 2nd order waters
- Kleinlaubuscher Graben
- Leipper Mühlgraben
- Petzerberggraben
- Crawl ditch
- Südgraben
climate
Since August 21, 2012, the 02991 Lauta station has been part of the weather network of private weather stations in Germany.
The climate in Lauta is cold and temperate. There is significant rainfall throughout the year. Even the driest month still shows high rainfall. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Dfb. The average annual temperature in Lauta is 9.0 ° C. In a year, the average rainfall is 588 mm. In February there is 33 mm of precipitation. The month is therefore the driest month of the year. Most of the precipitation falls in July with an average of 73 mm. With 18.4 ° C, July is the warmest month of the year. With an average temperature of −0.9 ° C, January is the coldest month of the whole year. The precipitation varies 40 mm between the driest month and the wettest month. The average temperatures fluctuate around 19.3 ° C over the course of the year.
history
Place name
According to the local historian Dietmar Neuhäuser, the name is derived from the Sorbian word Luta or Luty (German equivalent: place or settlement on Lindenbastplatz ). The former residents of the village are said to have dealt with loosening the bast from linden and willow trees as well as cutting whips, from which wickerwork, such as baskets and bast shoes, was made. The spelling and spelling of the place name changed over the centuries. It is not known when today's valid spelling Lauta became established. Colloquially, however, the place name Lute remained in use until the 1960s .
Historical overview
The village Lauta was first mentioned in 1374 as Luthe in an interest letter from the St. Marienstern monastery in Panschwitz-Kuckau . He notes a donation to the monastery for a farmer Mattik from Lauta. Mattik's brothers, Benisch and one who is not known by name, are stated to be resident in Wysok (German: Weißig ). Residents with the surname Mattick can be traced in Lauta-Dorf to the present day.
The church in Lauta was destroyed in the Thirty Years War and rebuilt in 1652.
In 1952, the largely Sorbian village of Lauta was incorporated into Lautawerk, and the community took over the name Lauta , while the village was named Lauta-Dorf . The municipality belonging to the district of Hoyerswerda received town charter in 1965.
Lauta was best known for the Lautawerk of the Vereinigte Aluminumwerke AG , an aluminum smelter built during the First World War , from which the product name Lautal (artificial word) goes back. Construction of the Lautawerk began on March 31, 1917. The production of aluminum in Lauta was discontinued in July 1990. In 1991, Lautawerk GmbH went into liquidation according to a decision by the Treuhandanstalt.
With the construction of the aluminum smelter, a barracks settlement was built east of the village and south of the company. Massive apartments for the workforce - administration and workers - were built from 1917 onwards through the construction of the Lauta-Nord garden city north of the plant . The chief architect of the Vereinigte Aluminumwerke AG, Clemens Simon, worked out the overall planning for the garden city. He was temporarily supported by his brother, the architect Stephan Simon. The decision on the construction of the garden city and of officials' villas north of the future operation should have been preceded by wind observations with the result that the wind mainly blows towards the south. The industrial dust emanating from production will therefore not burden the north. However, this turned out to be a mistake. Most of the dust from the chimneys of the alumina factory, the aluminum smelter and the power plant and from the bauxite heaps in the north of the plant fell down in Lauta-Nord.
At the end of 1918, the first villas and residential buildings in Nord were ready. Directors, masters and employees of the Lauta factory moved into it. The workers' apartments were later ready for occupancy. These were residential houses with upscale furnishings: u. a. Eat-in kitchen, bathroom, garden, stable for keeping small animals. In the first expansion stage, an inn, a butcher's shop and a large bakery were built at the same time. The Munich architect Theodor Fischer developed designs for the building of the butcher's shop and for a concert hall on the garden city market . The large bakery started operations on July 1, 1919. In December 1924, the Protestant town church on the Anger was handed over to the faithful and in 1926 the Catholic St. Joseph's Church , located just under a kilometer to the west .
In 1928 the garden city Erika was created based on a design by the architect Ewald Kleffel. In the same year, the Lautawerk municipal administration decided to build a swimming stadium on the border with Schwarzkollm . After 1933 massive water basins were built. To the west of the swimming pools - non-swimmers, swimming pools for recreational athletes, competition pools, diving pools - a grandstand was built, which was followed by a sports facility with a lawn and cinder track. The former wooden diving platform was replaced by a massive five-meter tower. A pool for young children, a swimming pond and social facilities completed the new building, which made the Lauta swimming pool the most modern in the region.
The aluminum fittings (door handles, etc.) of the brand BALUMIN (Al) from Batz & Co. used for the Bauhaus in Dessau consisted of an alloy manufactured in the Lautawerk under the name G54. In 1943 the station for the Lauta factory was built. During the Second World War , 4,000 Eastern European forced laborers , especially Jews , from a nearby forced labor camp were employed in the Lautawerk . The unspeakable living conditions claimed many lives.
The factory managers of the Lauta factory before 1945 were Dr. Theodor Menzen, Technical Director (1918 to 1945), Dr. Wilhelm Fulda, Head of the alumina factory (1918 to 1945), Dr. Friedrich Mette, Head of Aluminum Works (1918 to 1925), Wilhelm Todt (1938 to 1945).
The plant managers and operations directors of the state- owned company were Willy Mey (1950 to 1956), Alfred Götze (1956 to 1964), Manfred Michler (1964 to 1967), Hans Janoschek (1967 to 1988) and Rainer Pohl (1988 to 1990).
In a construction period of two years (2002–2004), a thermal waste treatment plant , the TA Lauta, was built on the old factory site . A local referendum has spoken out against this facility.
The remediation of the groundwater of the ecological contaminated site in Lauta was completed, the cleaning system for the groundwater was switched off at the end of October 2007. The measured values of the last twelve weeks showed such low levels of pollutants that in future the groundwater can be discharged into the body of water untreated.
Incorporations
Laubusch was incorporated on January 1, 2001. On January 1, 2007, Leippe-Torno was added.
History of the districts
Johannisthal
Colony established from 1863 in the forest area northwest of the village of Leippe. The owner of the 3000 acre area was the manor owner Moritz Oskar von Zehmen from Weißig . He is said to have named the colony Johannisthal after his daughter Johanna . In 1864 von Zehmen had a brick factory built that used the near-surface deposits of clay and lignite. This was followed by a glass factory, the so-called Zehmenhütte. It started operations in 1875 as the first glassworks in the Hohenbockaer Glassande deposit area. Several underground lignite mines were opened in the vicinity to supply the hut with fuel. It is assumed that the glassworks was equipped with the regenerative furnace developed by Friedrich Siemens in 1856 and first used in 1864 . Von Zehmen had a castle, a sheep farm and six houses built in the vicinity of his businesses. In 1864 the colony had 48 inhabitants. From 1867 to 1878 she had her own school. In 1894 the glass factory was shut down and part of the building was demolished. At the beginning of the 1980s, their former location was dredged over during glass sand mining. The castle and sheep farm were demolished in 1985.
politics
City council
Since the municipal council election on May 25, 2014 , the 18 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:
- Association of Free Voters Lauta (FW): 7 seats
- CDU : 6 seats
- Citizens' Movement (BW): 3 seats
- LEFT : 2 seats
mayor
On March 15, 2015, Frank Lehmann (independent) was elected mayor of Lauta. He has been in office since May 2015. He prevailed with 59.73 percent against the incumbent mayor Hellfried Ruhland (independent), who received 40.27 percent of the votes cast. The turnout was 46.5 percent. Lehmann was previously treasurer of the Spreetal community.
The district order for the provinces of Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Posen, Silesia and Saxony of December 13, 1872 also applied to the village of Lauta from January 1, 1874. This meant that the office of inheritance owed since the village was founded , which Johannes Richter had last exercised, ceased to exist , and the community elected an honorary mayor. The mayor of Lauta-Dorf were Adolf Säuberlich (1874 to 1879), Matthes Platta (1879 to 1885), Wilhelm Handrosch (1885 to 1909) and August Scheack (1909 to 1924).
With the establishment of the Lautawerk community in 1924, with the Lauta-Dorf district, the mayor's office was introduced.
Mayors of Lautawerk and, from 1965, of Lauta were:
- Arthur Thoroughly (1924 to 1933)
- Dr. Paul Ferdinand Drossbach, NSDAP (1933)
- Kurt Nerlich, NSDAP (1933 to 1945)
- Albert Walter, employed by SMAD (April 21, 1945 to December 1945)
- Alfred Müller, SED (1946 to 1950)
- Karl Rolke, SED (1950 to October 1963)
- Egon Jürgeleit, SED (November 1963 to March 1968)
- Harry Genschorek, SED (April 1968 to May 1990)
- Rainer Rischer, New Election Alliance (June 1990 to April 2001)
- Hellfried Ruhland, Association of Free Voters (May 2001 to April 2015).
- Frank Lehmann, non-party (since 2015)
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the town of Lauta is the bell of St. Lawrence from 1512 , which still rings today in the St. Laurentius Church in Lauta-Dorf. The bell has been linked to events in the community over the centuries. According to legend, this church bell is said to have hung in a chapel on the nearby Koschenberg and after its decay it came to the Lauta village church. The inscription can still be clearly seen today: hilf.mir.hellcken.sant.laurencivs. (1512) For the 500th anniversary of Lauta in 1948, the Bruno Arlt company made an original cast of the aluminum bell. The bell system, inaugurated in 1994, is a reminder that Lauta was a major location for the aluminum industry from 1918 to 1990. The city's coat of arms can also be found on the facade of the Lauta City Hall.
Town twinning
The city of Lauta has not entered into a partnership with other municipalities.
The partner municipality of the Laubusch district is the Polish municipality of Jemielnica (German: Himmelwitz) in Upper Silesia.
Culture and sights
- see also: List of cultural monuments in Lauta
Buildings and monuments
- Monuments town Lauta (overview)
- Garden cities Lauta-Nord and Erika
- Lauta's landmark is the water tower, the last remnant of the Lautawerk aluminum smelter .
- Farmer Mill Lauta-Nord. Former water mill, owned by miller Christian Quitzschke in 1825.
- Memorial plaque at the entrance to Lautawerk Friedrich-Engels-Straße 1 and memorial inside the factory in memory of the resistance fighter Albert Zimmermann, who was murdered in Brandenburg-Görden in 1944 ; The plaque and memorial disappeared after 1990
- Graves and memorials in the local cemetery for 130 Soviet forced laborers , including 18 children between the ages of eight and 14 who were victims of forced labor; as well as a memorial stone for slave laborers from other nations
- There are several war memorials on the village green in Lauta-Dorf.
Church buildings
Parks
Lauta city park
Immediately after construction began on the northern settlement of the former Lauta factory, which is now a listed building, work began on creating a nature park adjacent to the settlement in the early 1920s. A heather area of around 15 hectares was used for this, criss-crossed by several moats, partly boggy and overgrown with dense pine forest. Extensive clearing was necessary to design the park. During the Second World War, the park maintenance decreased and came to a standstill after the end of the war. The lowering of the groundwater level in connection with the approaching Laubusch opencast mine caused lasting damage to the park's tree population. Around 1980 a group of citizens started clearing the park and rehabilitating the paths in their free time. They were supported by school classes and working groups of students and teachers.
Recultivation continued in 1991 with job creation measures. The aim was to approximate the original structures of the park to a large extent, taking into account the change in tree species that had taken place in the meantime. In addition to the maintenance of the stock, numerous wood transplants, road construction and other measures were in the foreground. Today the park again has an extensive network of paths and numerous benches. An adventure playground was created at the park entrance. In the park, newly planted trees under old wood and the rich flora create a real forest atmosphere. Natural history boards along the paths provide information about the protection of the forest and its inhabitants.
Since the end of the lignite mining, the groundwater level has risen continuously. This changed the hydrological conditions in the park fundamentally. Large areas are characterized by waterlogging. Large stands of trees are dying. To prevent further waterlogging, the ditch system was extensively renovated in 2016.
Laubusch Park
The park located in OT Laubusch was restored in 1996. A memorial for the former briquette factory, inaugurated on November 27, 1997, commemorates the lignite site from 1913 to 1993.
Forest nature trail
Employees of the Saxon Forest Office, together with the German Forest Protection Association, submitted the proposal to create a forest nature trail on the open-cast mine, which stretches between the Laubusch and Lauta districts. Work on it began in March 1992 and the forest nature trail was opened in November 1992. It leads from August-Bebel-Strasse in the Laubusch district for 1.4 km to its end point on the Laubusch - Lauta road. Different types of wood can be found here: pine, birch, aspen, red oak, robinia, mountain ash Weymouth pine. Red deer, wild boars and foxes are at home here.
The forest nature trail is no longer maintained and is hardly recognizable today.
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
The railway line Węgliniec – Roßlau and the federal road 96 run through the urban area .
The railway line has been used since June 1, 1874. On March 1, 1883, the Schwarzkollm station went into operation. From February 1919 to May 22, 1954 it was temporarily called Schwarzkollm-Lautawerk. Lauta halt went into operation on January 1, 1944. Since September 28, 1956 it has been called Lauta (Niederlausitz).
education
The following schools existed in Lauta before 1945:
- Lauta-Dorf elementary school (built: 1834; new building: 1934)
- Primary school Siedlung Nord, so-called North School (inaugurated: 1923, from 1950 Karl Marx School)
- Primary school south, so-called south school (inaugurated: Easter 1941 and 1942, from 1950 Karl Liebknecht school).
In 1978 the ten-class polytechnic high school "Hans Coppi" was added in Lauta Süd.
The city of Lauta now has two primary schools (one in Laubusch) and one high school. Today's high school opened in 1942. The headmaster has been Dietrich Matthes since 1990. The primary school "Hans Coppi" is headed by Carola Schmidt and the primary school by Monika Simmank.
Personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Johann Karl Büttner , (1754–1849), surgeon, world traveler, city historian.
- Manfred Jähne, agricultural scientist, was born in Lautawerk in 1933 and lived here until 1948.
- Hans Koban (1935–2013), banker, lived here until 1951.
- Manfred Kubenka , cyclist
- Bernhard Kremser , sculptor, designer, graphic artist and actor, grew up in Lauta and lived here until 1973.
- Siegfried Thomas , historian and publicist, was born in Lautawerk in 1930.
- Eberhard Weise (* 1953), bobsledder
Personalities who worked in Lauta
- Werner Braune, theologian, was a pastor in Lauta before 1970.
- Gottfried Forck , theologian and Protestant bishop, was pastor in Lauta from 1959 to 1963.
- Fritz Constantin , resistance fighter
- Friedrich Müller (1889–1942), Protestant pastor, resistance fighter, initiator of the Protestant community in Lautawerk and the construction of the city church .
- Kurt Scharf, theologian and Protestant bishop, was assistant preacher in the Lautawerk before 1928.
- Alfred Spieler, teacher at the primary school Siedlung Nord, worked in Lautawerk from 1927 to 1932.
- Arthur Theuner , resistance fighter, executed on November 27, 1944.
- Albert Zimmermann , resistance fighter, executed on November 27, 1944.
Personalities who temporarily lived in Lauta
- Charlotte Eppinger , diplomat of the GDR, worked at the Lauta power plant from 1936 to 1939.
- Joachim Spieler , actor, son of the teacher and school principal Alfred Spieler.
- Peter Mädler (1943–1963), fatality on the Berlin Wall, 1958 to 1961 apprentice electrician at the Lauta power station.
- Herta Schiefelbein, housekeeper for Nobel Prize winner Albert Einstein in Berlin from 1927 to 1933, lived in Lautawerk until 1921.
literature
- Lauta, Calau district. From d. History of a Lower Lusatian village . Festschrift for the 500th anniversary of Lauta on the 18th, 19th and September 20, 1948 / Rudolf Lehmann . Ed. By the council d. Lauta community, Senftenberg 1948.
- 50 years of aluminum from Lauta. 50 years of the struggle of the working class against fascism and war for peace, democracy and socialism . VEB chemical plant "Albert Zimmermann" Lauta, 1968
- Lauta. City. Plant. From heath village to industrial city. A look back . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen, 1997, ISBN 3-929091-38-0 .
- 625 years of Lauta. 1374-1999 . Lauta city administration, May 1999.
- The Lautawerker . Company newspaper of VEB Chemiewerk Lauta. Organ of the SED factory party organization (1969–1990).
- Uwe Mahrholz: I'm here! My childhood. epubli GmbH, Berlin, 2015, ISBN 978-3-7375-4810-6 .
- Peter Josef Belli: The Lautawerk of the Vereinigte Aluminumwerke AG (VAW) from 1917 to 1948. An armaments company in regional, national, international and political contexts (at the same time a contribution to the industrial history of Niederlausitz) . LIT publishing house Dr. W. Hopf, Berlin, 2012, ISBN 978-3-643-11716-8 .
- Ralf-Peter Pinkwart, Maximilian Claudius Noack: The Lautawerk factory colony - a high point of moderate modernity. In: The preservation of monuments. Volume 74 (2016), Issue 1, pp. 30–35.
- Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum (ed.), Maximilian Claudius Noack: Between Wilhelminian demand architecture and moderate modernity. The factory colonies in the Lower Lusatian lignite district. Michael Imhof Verlag, Petersberg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7319-0404-5 .
Web links
- Lauta in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- History page Lauta
- Weblog on the history of Lauta and its districts
- Statistics of the Lusatian Sorbs: The community of Lauta. ( Arnošt Muka , 1884–86)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ^ Mehnerts ponds
- ↑ Station 02991 Lauta
- ^ Lauta climate
- ↑ 15th century - Luthe , zur Luthe , Lutha . 16th century - Lauthe , to the lute . See Lauta. City. Plant. From heath village to industrial city. A look back . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen, 1997, p. 7.
- ↑ Lautal
- ↑ Hall construction
- ↑ Ewald Kleffel
- ↑ See Sucker, Kurt: Recreation site on the doorstep… In: Der Lautawerker from April 10, 1965
- ^ Peter Belli: The VAW case. In: zeit.de. November 25, 1999, accessed December 8, 2014 .
- ↑ 1950 VEB Chemiewerk Lauta, from 1955 VEB Chemiewerk "Albert Zimmermann" Lauta, from 1970 VEB Aluminumwerk "Albert Zimmermann" Lauta, from 1972 VEB Aluminumwerk "Albert Zimmermann" Lauta in the VE Mansfeld Combine "Wilhelm Pieck" Eisleben.
- ↑ Hans Janoschek
- ↑ Status of groundwater remediation "Blue Danube"
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2007
- ^ Moritz Oskar von Zehmen
- ↑ Vulpius, Rainer: On the beginnings of brown coal and glass sand mining in the central part of the Hohenbocka plateau and on the existence of the Johannisthal glassworks near Leippe - a contribution to geology and industrial history. In: Pressglas-Korrespondenz 3-2006, p. 37 ff.
- ↑ Results of the 2014 municipal council elections
- ↑ Mayoral election
- ↑ Biography Drossbach, p. 23
- ↑ Source: Documentation from Lauta City Administration
- ↑ General overview of Lauta monuments
- ↑ Lauta-Dorf church ( Memento of the original from June 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Lauta City Park
- ↑ train stations
- ↑ Teachers Directory
- ^ CV Manfred Jähne
- ↑ Appointed to Schwerin in 1970
- ↑ Kurt Scharf's biography
- ↑ Personal details
Cities:
Bautzen (Budyšin) |
Bernsdorf (Upper Lusatia) |
Bischofswerda |
Elstra (Halštrow) |
Großröhrsdorf |
Hoyerswerda (Wojerecy) |
Kamenz (Kamjenc) |
Koenigsbrück |
Lauta |
Pulsnitz |
Radeberg |
Schirgiswalde-Kirschau |
Weißenberg (Wóspork) |
Wilthen |
Wittichenau (Kulow)
Municipalities:
Arnsdorf |
Burkau (Porchow) |
Crostwitz (Chrósćicy) |
Cunewalde |
Demitz-Thumitz |
Doberschau Gaussig (Dobruša Huska) |
Elsterheide (Halštrowska hola) |
Frankenthal |
Göda (Hodźij) |
Großdubrau (Wulka Dubrawa) |
Großharthau |
Großnaundorf |
Großpostwitz / OL (Budestecy) |
Haselbachtal |
Hochkirch (Bukecy) |
Königswartha (Rakecy) |
Kubschütz (Kubšicy) |
Laußnitz |
Lichtenberg |
Lohsa (Łaz) |
Malschwitz (Malešecy) |
Nebelschütz (Njebjelčicy) |
Neschwitz (Njeswačidło) |
Neukirch |
Neukirch / Lausitz |
Obergurig (Hornja Hórka) |
Ohorn |
Oßling (Wóslink) |
Ottendorf-Okrilla |
Panschwitz-Kuckau (Pančicy-Kukow) |
Puschwitz (Bóšicy) |
Räckelwitz (Worklecy) |
Radibor (Radwor) |
Ralbitz-Rosenthal (Ralbicy-Róžant) |
Rammenau |
Schmölln-Putzkau |
Schwepnitz |
Sohland on the Spree |
Spreetal (Sprjewiny Doł) |
Steina |
Steinigtwolmsdorf |
Wachau (Saxony)