Dobrilugk Monastery
| Dobrilugk Monastery | |
|---|---|
 Abbey church |
|
| location | Brandenburg in Germany |
| Coordinates: | 51 ° 36 '39.8 " N , 13 ° 32' 43.4" E |
| Serial number according to Janauschek |
390 |
| founding year | 1165-1184 |
| Year of dissolution / annulment |
1541 |
| Mother monastery | Volkenroda Monastery |
| Primary Abbey | Morimond Monastery |
|
Daughter monasteries |
|
The Dobrilugk Abbey ( Latin Dobra Luca ) was a Cistercian abbey in the Lausitz . Today's Doberlug Castle was built in this area after the end of spiritual life in the middle of the 17th century .
history
The abbey was founded on May 1st, 1165, the day of the holy King Sigismund, and was under the patronage of Saints Sigismund and Heinrich. It existed until it was abolished during the Reformation . The monks were brought into the country on the initiative of Margrave of Ostmark / Lausitz Dietrich von Landsberg . Margrave Dietrich was supported in his founding efforts by his Wettin relatives, Archbishop Wichmann of Magdeburg and the Mazovian Bishop Werner von Płock. Bishop Werner brought relics of the canonized Emperor Heinrich to Dobrilugk, which he had received from Friedrich Barbarossa for Christmas 1165 in Aachen.
Thanks to generous foundations, the property of the monastery grew rapidly. In 1234 the monastery already owned 18 villages and since 1240 the financially strong monastery has been able to expand its property through acquisitions. In a document from 1373, Emperor Charles IV confirmed the monks' ownership of 40 villages and five monastic farms. The small town of Kirchhain, to which the Cistercians had already granted a market in 1235, was also under the rule of the monastery. In the lordly city of Luckau and in Lübben (Spreewald) the monastery had farms that mainly served the trade in agricultural products produced during the monastery rule. The monastery owned the villages of Särchen, today's Annahütte , Dobristroh , Drochow and the now desolate village of Nossedil . Like all Cistercian abbeys, Dobrilugk was exempt from the bishop's tithe.
The monastery was involved in the medieval development of the country in western Lusatia. Settlers from the old settlements of Saxony and Thuringia bordering to the west and from the Lower Rhine (Flemings) dried out damp lowlands in Lusatia, cleared forests, established arable land and also founded villages in the monastery area. Most of the abbey's subjects, however, were Sorbs .
In 1349 the plan arose to transfer the remains of Ascanic dukes in Wittenberg to Dobrilugk. This project, begun between Emperor Charles IV and Duke Rudolf I of Saxony, did not come about later, but testifies to Dobrilugk's reputation at the time.
The slow decline of Dobrilugk began at the end of the 14th century. The monks gave up their own economy and lived exclusively on the rent and interest they received. There weren't enough men to enter the monastery as lay brothers (converses) and do the physical work. In 1431 Dobrilugk was sacked by the Hussites .
Dobrilugk Abbey had a seat and vote in the prelate curia of the modern Lower Lusatian state parliament . A deep turning point came with the Reformation. Since the 1620s, monks left the convent and turned to the new doctrine. The monastic discipline and also the economy of the monastery fell into decline. The last abbot left the monastery in 1533 with the jewels. In addition, the Habsburg Ferdinand I , who ruled the monastery as King of Bohemia, demanded high contributions from the Lower Lusatian monasteries to finance the Turkish war. In 1541, the Saxon elector Johann Friedrich Dobrilugk finally occupied it because of a monetary claim against the Bohemian king. The monks left the monastery and the convent dispersed.
Ferdinand I was able to regain control of the monastery in the Schmalkaldic War and reintegrate it into Niederlausitz, but the Catholic ruler no longer allowed monks to move into the monastery, but instead pledged the great rule to members of the Schlick and Gersdorff families . Heinrich von Gersdorff had a hunting lodge built in place of the abbot's house around 1550. The last noble owner, Heinrich Anselm von Promnitz, sold Dobrilugk in 1624 to Johann Georg I of Saxony, who had recently also become the lender of the entire Lower Lusatia. The Niederlausitz estates were able to enforce that the monastery rule remained part of the margraviate. This gave rise to the curious situation that the Dobrilugk rule was administratively partly Electoral Saxon and partly Lower Lusatian. The subjects paid taxes into the state treasury of Niederlausitz, but jurisdiction was exercised by electoral officials. Appeals were only allowed to the higher court in Dresden and no longer to the Lower Lusatian regional court.
Dobrilugk was the residence of the dukes of the same name under the Wettin branch of the Saxon-Merseburg family (1656–1738) and the region flourished to a certain extent: from 1664 the town of Dobrilugk was laid out.
Timetable
1005 Dobraluh is first mentioned by the chronicler Bishop Thietmar von Merseburg in a description of the campaigns of Emperor Heinrich II against Poland.
1165 Dietrich I, Margrave of Ostmark / Lausitz, founds the Dobrilugk Monastery on May 1st.
It is unknown when the first monks moved into the monastery and whether armed conflicts were partly responsible for the very hesitant beginnings of the monastery. It is possible that the invasion of Lutizen and Pomerania in the summer of 1179 hampered the development of the monastery. It is certain that the fighting took place in the area of Lübben, later in Zinna and Jüterbog.
1199 The founding property of the monastery is mentioned in a document.
1209 The construction of the monastery church was so advanced that Margravine Elisabeth, wife of Conrad II, could be buried in it.
After the death of Margrave Konrad von der Ostmark / Lausitz on May 6, 1210, Margrave Dietrich (the distressed) of Meissen was enfeoffed with the principality of Ostmark / Lausitz at Landsberg Castle and was from now on lord of the Dobrilugk monastery. As a result, it stayed with the Meissnian line of Wettin.
1210/11 Walther von der Vogelweide mentions in one of his poems (“The world was yellow, red and blue” = Lachmann 75.25-76.21) the Dobrilugk monastery (“Toberlû”) as a not very inviting place at that time. Much later, in the time of Jacob Grimm, it was then considered the very famous monastery "coenobium famosissimum".
1228 Accepted as the year of consecration of the church
1232 year of the establishment of a farm in Althöfchen on the Obra (in Poland), from the
In 1286 the daughter monastery New Dobrilugk ( Bledzew Monastery ) emerged.
1234 The monastery villages of the core ownership Werenzhain, Kirchhain, Hennersdorf, Eichholz, Lugau, Schönborn, Lindena, Fischwasser and the Ackerhof Schulz are mentioned in a document.
1253 In a papal document, in addition to the villages named in 1234, the following are listed as belonging to the monastery: Kleinhof, Frankena, Friedersdorf, Gruhno, Münchhausen, Rückersdorf, Staupitz and the villages west of Luckau: Falkenberg and Kemlitz, furthermore Bönitz and Münchsdorf (wüst) im later Liebenwerda district and near Torgau on the Elbe Graditz and the now desolate villages of Kösmatitz, Kranewitz and Wiesitz.
1301 The town of Lübben belongs to the monastery until around 1329, so that the Dobrilugk abbot is also Lord of Lübben.
1373 Charles IV's certificate of ownership names 42 villages and several farms as belonging to the monastery.
1431 Hussites destroy and plunder the monastery.
1434 Emperor Sigismund confirmed 65 villages and farms to the monastery, which is probably the high point in terms of possessions. The northernmost place is Schollen near Luckau, in the east Dobristroh (today Freienhufen), in the south Staupitz and in the west Kunzwerda near Torgau.
1534 Abbot Johann von Paul Fischer had a bell poured.
1541 Elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen has the monastery belonging to Bohemia occupied and secularized in the course of the Reformation. The inventory of ownership made for this purpose shows that all the places and farms belonging to the core ownership still belong to the monastery (some of the other places are pledged). The now secular property forms the basis of the rule and the later office of Dobrilugk.
1624 The dilapidated monastery abbey and the hospice are included in the new construction of the Dobrilugk Castle.
1637 The church is badly damaged by Swedish soldiers in the Thirty Years' War.
1676 The monastery church is rebuilt and consecrated as a Protestant castle and parish church. Organ builder Christoph Junge builds an organ with 20 registers.
1696 Foundation of the Dobrilugk Choir.
In 1728, Duke Moritz Wilhelm gave the choir two timpani.
1779 Fire in the castle church.
after 1789 organ builder Johann Christian Kayser built a new organ.
1852 The monk wing and the converse wing of the enclosure fall victim to a fire and are torn down; Church and refectory will be preserved.
1875 The Sauer organ (Opus 209) with two manuals and pedal (27 registers) is installed.
Starting in 1905, the church is thoroughly restored until 1909 and rebuilt according to its original condition.
1955 The big bell in the crossing tower is consecrated.
1973 a small organ (Orgelbau Voigt) is purchased for the sacristy.
1996 Repair work begins on the entire roof and tower surfaces. The 300th anniversary of the cantor society takes place.
1997 The Kantorei buys a positive organ (Orgelbau Kemper ).
1998 The trumpet 16 'and the trumpet 8' are reinstalled in the Sauer organ. In September, the 900th anniversary of the Cistercian order is commemorated with a festival week.
2003 The buildings erected by the NVA on the monastery grounds during the GDR are demolished.
2004 The church is repeatedly restored.
2005 Doberlug 1000th anniversary celebration
literature
- Arnt Cobbers: Doberlug Cistercian Monastery (= The Historic Place, 68). Berlin 1998.
- Felix Engel: The Reformation in Dobrilugk and Kirchhain , in: Brandenburgisches Genealogisches Jahrbuch 8 (2014), pp. 6–25.
- Stefanie Fink: The Doberlug monastery church . Görlitz / Zittau 2014, ISBN 978-3944560083 .
- Andreas Hanslok: The beginnings of the health system in Kirchhain, in the monastery and the town of Dobrilugk, in: Der Speicher, Heft 2 (1998): pp. 13-17.
- Andreas Hanslok: The ponds of the Dobrilugk Monastery - an inventory, in: Der Speicher , Heft 12 (2009): pp. 19–26.
- Andreas Hanslok: The visitation - a form of communication within the Cistercian order - the Dobrilugk monastery as an example , in: Der Speicher , Heft 13 (2010): pp. 77–84.
- Andreas Hanslok: The floor tiles of the Cistercian monastery Doberlug , in: Brandenburgische Denkmalpflege , Issue 1 (2011): pp. 95-104.
- Rudolf Lehmann : The oldest history of the Dobrilugk monastery in Lausitz . Kirchhain 1917.
- Rudolf Lehmann: The occupation of the Dobrilugk monastery by Elector Johan Friedrich in August 1541 and its consequences , in: Ders .: From the past of Niederlausitz. Lectures and essays . Cottbus 1925, pp. 93-113.
- Rudolf Lehmann (ed.): Document book of the Dobrilugk monastery and its possessions (= document book for the history of the Margraviate Niederlausitz, 5). Leipzig 1941.
- Michael Lindner: Aachen - Dobrilugk - Plock. Margrave Dietrich von der Ostmark / Lausitz, Bishop Werner von Płock and the beginnings of the Dobrilugk Monastery , in: Heinz-Dieter Heimann / Klaus Neitmann / Uwe Tresp (eds.): The Lower and Upper Lusatia. Contours of an integration landscape, Vol. 1: Middle Ages . Berlin 2013, pp. 111–148.
- Dennis Majewski: Cistercian legal landscapes. Dobrilugk and Haina monasteries in space and time. Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main, ISBN 978-3-465-04330-0 .
- Gertraud Eva Schrage / Markus Agthe: Dobrilugk. Cistercians , in: Heinz-Dieter Heimann / Klaus Neitmann / Winfried Schich u. a. (Ed.): Brandenburg monastery book. Handbook of the monasteries, monasteries and those coming up to the middle of the 16th century (= Brandenburgische Historische Studien, 14), Vol. 1. Berlin 2007, pp. 425–442.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lehmann, Rudolf (ed.): Document book of the Dobrilugk monastery and its possessions, Leipzig / Dresden 1941, p. 148, No. 191
