Mosquitoes
| Mosquitoes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nematocera | ||||||||||||
| Latreille , 1825 |
The mosquitoes (Nematocera) are next to the flies (Brachycera) one of two sub-orders of the two-winged birds (Diptera).
Most mosquitoes are delicately built, slender insects with thread-shaped, multi- jointed antennae and long, thin legs. They often have piercing-sucking mouthparts. The subordination includes about 45 families. Some Mückentaxa are as blood-sucking disease vector significant ( mosquitoes , midges , black flies and sand flies ).
The mosquitoes have been recognized as paraphyletic taxon in modern taxonomy based on the method of phylogenetic systematics for about 50 years . This means that the second traditional subordination of the two-winged species, the flies (Brachycera), do not form the sister group of the Nematocera, but only part of them. There is still no agreement on the actual sister group of the Brachycera. Consequently, it has been proposed for a long time to abandon the subordination of the Nematocera as a taxon. Some researchers now speak of the "lower" two-winged birds with the same meaning. Although there is full technical consensus on the fact of the lack of monophyly, many scientists have continued to use the group of mosquitoes or nematocera for pragmatic reasons.
Vernacular names
In Austria mosquitoes are usually referred to as gels , while mosquitoes are more likely to refer to the fruit flies that do not actually belong to the nematoceros .
In Franconian the meaning of fly and mosquito is reversed. However, there is no uniform pronunciation, as Franconian has great differences even in spatial proximity. In the Coburg area, for example, a mosquito is called a schnake and a fly is called a mugg .
Mosquito
Black fly
Midges
Schnake
Mosquito
Butterfly mosquito
Hair mosquito
Fungus gnat
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Families (selection)
- Anisopodidae - window mosquitoes
- Bibionidae - hair gnats
- Blephariceridae - eyelid mosquitoes
- Cecidomyiidae - Gall mosquitoes
- Ceratopogonidae - midges (blood sucking)
- Chaoberidae - mosquitoes
- Chironomidae - midges
- Culicidae - mosquitoes (blood sucking)
- Keroplatidae - longhorn mosquitoes
- Limoniidae - wilts
- Mycetophilidae - fungus mosquitoes
- Psychodidae - butterfly mosquitoes (including the blood-sucking sandflies )
- Ptychopteridae - wrinkled mosquitoes
- Scatopsidae - gnats
- Sciaridae - fungus gnats
- Simuliidae - Black flies (blood sucking)
- Tipulidae - Schnaken
- Trichoceridae - winter mosquitoes
See also the two-winged systematics - subordination mosquitoes .
literature
- Joachim Haupt, Hiroko Haupt: Flies and Mosquitoes. Observation - way of life . Weltbild, Augsburg 1998, ISBN 3-89440-278-4
Web links
- U.Ord. Nematocera mosquitoes ( Memento from June 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
- Nematocera at Fauna Europaea
Individual evidence
- ^ Dalton de Souza Amorim & David Yeates (2006): Pesky gnats: Ridding dipteran classification of the Nematocera. Studia dipterologica 13 (1/2): 1-7.
- ↑ Franconian dictionary: Project "Franconian dictionary". (No longer available online.) In: www.fraenkisches-woerterbuch.phil.fau.de. Archived from the original on July 16, 2016 ; accessed on July 16, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Franconian dictionary: 1927-1940. (No longer available online.) In: www.fraenkisches-woerterbuch.phil.fau.de. Archived from the original on July 16, 2016 ; accessed on July 16, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
