Wrinkled mosquitoes
| Wrinkled mosquitoes | ||||||||||||
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| Ptychopteridae | ||||||||||||
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The wrinkled gnats (Ptychopteridae), also known as wrinkles, are a family of the two-winged flies (Diptera) and belong to the mosquitoes (Nematocera).
features
The wrinkled gnats are medium-sized, snakelike mosquitoes. Ptychoptera contaminata , for example, reaches a body length of around ten millimeters. The body of the mosquito is often colored and the wings have dark spots. They have very long legs and a short, thick trunk. The wings are spread out in the resting position and folded lengthways along a special vein. Wrinkled mosquitoes are flower visitors and do not bite. You lay the eggs one by one in standing water.
The larvae are very slender and have a well-developed head capsule (eucephalic). On the posterior edge of the individual segments they have creeping bulges and on the abdomen a breathing tube, at the tip of which the only open posterior branches of the tracheal system lie close to one another . They also have two anal papillae for osmoregulation . They live in shallow water and usually stick themselves vertically, with their head stuck in the sand or mud on the ground and the tip of the breathing tube touching the surface of the water. The breathing tube can be retracted and extended and can thus adapt to changing depths. As with the gun fly larvae (Stratiomyidae), the accumulation of lime in the skin increases it. The larvae feed mainly on diatoms that live in the mud.
Way of life
Pupation also takes place in the water. The doll usually stands upright and reaches the surface of the water through the tips of the breast squirrel, which is elongated as a tubular trachea and serves as a respiratory organ. Only the right breathing tube is greatly extended in this way, the left one is short and slightly bent, without any function.
The gas exchange takes place through several vesicle-like enlargements inside the tube.
Systematics
The family of the folded mosquito is represented in Europe with only one genus and 14 species. Around 60 species of this group of animals live worldwide, of which only eight are known from Germany.
- Ptychoptera delmastroi Zwick & Starý , 2003
- Ptychoptera handlirschi ( Czižek , 1919)
- Ptychoptera helena ( Peus , 1958)
- Ptychoptera lacustris Meigen , 1830
- Ptychoptera longicauda ( Tonnoir , 1919)
- Ptychoptera paludosa Meigen , 1804
- Ptychoptera silvicola Zwyrtek & Rozkošný , 1967
- Ptychoptera agnes Krzeminski & Zwick , 1993
- Ptychoptera albimana ( Fabricius , 1787)
- Ptychoptera contaminata ( Linnaeus , 1758)
- Ptychoptera hugoi Tjeder , 1968
- Ptychoptera minuta Tonnoir , 1919
- Ptychoptera obscura ( Peus , 1958)
- Ptychoptera scutellaris Meigen , 1818
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ Ptychopteridae. Fauna Europaea, Version 1.3, April 19, 2007, accessed June 3, 2008 .
literature
- Klaus Honomichl, Heiko Bellmann : Biology and ecology of insects. Fischer, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-437-20537-4 (CD-ROM).
- Carl Jørgen Wesenberg-Lund : Biology of freshwater insects. Springer, Berlin 1943.
- P. Zwick: Ptychopteridae. In: H. Schumann, R. Bährmann, A. Stark (eds.): Checklist of the Diptera in Germany. (= Entomofauna Germanica. Volume 2). Ampyx, Halle 1999, p. 73.
