Metropolitan region of Central Germany
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| Federal states : | |
| Spatial planning : | polycentral |
| Area : | 8,823 km² |
| Residents : | about 2.4 million |
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| Saxony: | |
| Saxony-Anhalt: | |
| Thuringia: | |
The metropolitan region of Central Germany unites seven cities, six districts as well as universities, chambers of industry and commerce and more than 50 structure-determining companies in the federal states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia. This region thus comprises the economically most dynamic part of the new federal states and is - besides the capital region Berlin-Brandenburg - the only metropolitan region in eastern Germany. The central core of the metropolitan region of Central Germany spans the agglomeration of Leipzig-Halle- Jena-Gera, and its member cities include Leipzig , Chemnitz and Zwickau in the Free State of Saxony , Halle and Dessau-Roßlau in the State of Saxony-Anhalt and Jena and Gera in the Free State of Thuringia . All cities are regional centers in the respective federal state, and apart from Zwickau all member cities are independent . It is run by the Verein Europäische Metropolregion Mitteldeutschland e. V. worn. Since March 21, 2014, its Central Germany Management GmbH has merged with the Business Initiative for Central Germany GmbH . Both now work under the umbrella of the European Metropolitan Region of Central Germany.
As the original metropolitan region of the Saxon triangle (Dresden, Leipzig / Halle, Chemnitz / Zwickau), it was confirmed by the German Ministerial Conference for Spatial Planning (MKRO) in 1997 as the seventh of a total of eleven metropolitan regions in Germany and is the only one completely located in the new federal states .
The Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR) included very large parts of the three federal states of Saxony , Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia in the Central Germany metropolitan region, starting from the member cities , with the exception of the Harz district , the Altmark districts of Salzwedel and Stendal , the Upper Lusatia districts of Bautzen and Görlitz and the districts of North and West Thuringia. This results in a population of 6.8 million (as of 2010). This applied until Dresden and Magdeburg left the country at the end of 2013. It remains to be seen to what extent the BBR will clean up the added surrounding area for monitoring purposes. In 2014, the metropolitan region also spoke out in favor of opening up to the surrounding areas and counts a radius of approx. 100 km around the center of Leipzig / Halle between the other members as its area of action .
history
The metropolitan region of Central Germany emerged in 2009 from the metropolitan region of Saxony triangle, whose origins were the cities of Dresden, Leipzig / Halle, Chemnitz and Zwickau. First, the city of Jena received voting rights in 2007 and represented the cities of the impulse region Erfurt – Weimar – Jena and the city of Gera in the metropolitan region of Saxony triangle . In the same year the city of Magdeburg also became an advisory member. The cities of Jena and Magdeburg were accepted as full members in 2009: At the same time, the members decided to rename the metropolitan region of Central Germany in line with the spatial expansion . In 2010 the cities of Gera and Dessau-Roßlau finally became full members and a reorientation was initiated. In March 2013, the mayor of Dresden, Dirk Hilbert, announced that the Saxon state capital would end its work in the metropolitan region. In June 2013, the city of Magdeburg also decided to leave at the end of the calendar year. The Metropolitan Region Central Germany Management GmbH and the Economic Initiative for Central Germany GmbH merged on March 21, 2014 to form the European Metropolitan Region Central Germany based in Leipzig . In addition to the cities, districts, three chambers of industry and commerce and numerous commercial enterprises are now members.
Population movement
Since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the opening of the inner-German border in 1989, there have been significant population shifts in the region.
The first phase, up to around 1995, is characterized by increased emigration to the old federal states , primarily for economic reasons . This phase was still nationwide and the same for almost every municipality. In the second phase, the big cities lost citizens to the surrounding area due to sudden suburbanization (especially more affluent and affluent). Throughout the 1990s, new areas for residential development with private homes were created in almost every community near the city. All large cities have reversed at least part of this population loss through incorporations. The reasons for this are tax revenues from the mostly working population as well as funds from municipal financial equalization , which are also broken down by residents with main residence , which cities cannot do without.
With these nationwide territorial reforms, however, large individual municipalities have also emerged, which should meanwhile make it very difficult for the cities to continue to integrate. The process can therefore be considered finished. The incorporation also gives rise to traffic-related problems, because the incorporated localities are entitled to better (public) traffic connections. Meanwhile, the cities of Halle (Saale) and Leipzig are gaining new citizens from the surrounding area and other regions, which is due to the fact that the inner-city living spaces have been modernized and residential areas comparable to the surrounding area are also available in the urban areas.
Infrastructure
Inter-metropolitan routes and axes
Intermetropolitan routes are transport routes that cross the region and connect to other European metropolitan regions. Metropolitan regions are characterized, among other things, by the fact that they are traffic junctions for such connections.
Highway
The federal motorway 4 (E 40) runs through the region from east to west . The A 4 begins in Görlitz on the Polish border and crosses the north-south connection Berlin - Prague on the A 13 / A 17 (European route E 55) near Dresden . In the region around Dresden and Chemnitz there is a further distribution of east-west transit traffic to the northwest via the A 14 to Leipzig, Halle, Magdeburg as well as Hanover and southwest on the A 72 to Nuremberg and on to Munich . The A 4 continues west to Erfurt and Frankfurt am Main . The A 38 connects the metropolitan region with Göttingen, i.e. the southern parts of the Hanover-Braunschweig-Göttingen-Wolfsburg metropolitan region .
In particular, the A 4 between the cross Chemnitz (A 72) and the Autobahndreieck Dresden-North (A 13) is a junction of two European highways . The E 40 and E 55 are first class trunk roads, recognizable by the last number. The motorway is now three lanes between the Dresden-Nord motorway triangle and the Chemnitz motorway junction .
The A 9 connects the Leipzig-Halle conurbation with Berlin, Nuremberg and Munich . It is therefore an important road link, especially within Germany. The motorway carries trunk road traffic on the western edge of the triangle.
railroad
The Leipzig Central Station is an important transfer point in ICE -Netz. In addition to the connections from Dresden to Frankfurt am Main or Cologne and from Munich via Nuremberg to Berlin , it also offers connections to IC connections to Hanover and Dortmund via Magdeburg .
| line | Important cities |
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| ICE 50 | Dresden - Leipzig - Erfurt - Fulda - Frankfurt am Main - Wiesbaden |
| ICE28 | Hamburg - Berlin - Leipzig - Erfurt - Nuremberg - Munich |
| IC 17 | Rostock - Berlin - Leipzig - Halle - Jena - Nuremberg - Passau - Linz - Vienna |
| IC51 | Gera - Jena - Erfurt - Kassel - Dortmund - Düsseldorf - Cologne |
| IC55 | Dresden - Leipzig - Halle - Magdeburg - Hanover - Dortmund - Wuppertal - Cologne |
| IC56 | Leipzig - Halle - Magdeburg - Hanover - Bremen - Oldenburg |
| RE 42 | Leipzig - Naumburg (Saale) - Jena - Bamberg - Nuremberg |
| RE1 | Glauchau - Gera - Jena - Erfurt - Göttingen |
| RE3 (FSX) * | Dresden - Chemnitz - Zwickau - Hof |
| * The Franken-Sachsen-Express is supported by the MRB served | |
Note: An overview of the national lines that connect the region. Cities marked in bold are in other metropolitan regions.
Interregional routes and axes
Interregional routes connect the metropolitan areas with one another. Since the metropolitan region of Central Germany consists of cities and metropolitan areas, some of which are 100 km apart, traffic is concentrated on a few corridors.
Highway and roads
Motorways 14 , 4 , 9 , 38 , and 72 form the main corridors within the metropolitan area. A gap will be closed in the 2020s with the construction of the A 72 between Chemnitz and Leipzig. The motorway ring around Halle / Leipzig is also to be closed with the A 143 in the 2020s. In some cities and metropolitan areas, federal roads have also been expanded to four lanes.
railroad
There are direct rail connections between almost all cities within the region. The following relations are also served by long-distance traffic:
- Leipzig - Halle (Saale) - Köthen - Magdeburg every hour by IC
- Leipzig– Riesa - Dresden every hour by ICE or IC
- Leipzig– Erfurt every hour by ICE
- Berlin – Halle – Erfurt every hour by ICE
Important regional traffic connections are among others
- Halle– Weißenfels every hour by RE and RB
- Leipzig – Weißenfels every two hours by RE and every hour by RB
- Weißenfels - Naumburg (Saale) - Jena every hour by RE and RB
- Zwickau - Chemnitz - Dresden every hour by RE, RB
- Leipzig – Riesa – Dresden every hour by RE
- Halle – Airport – Leipzig– Altenburg –Zwickau every hour by SX
- Leipzig – Chemnitz every hour by RE
S-Bahn
Within the region there is the S-Bahn network of the S-Bahn Central Germany .
With the opening of the City Tunnel in Leipzig on December 15, 2013, the S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland , a new S-Bahn network in the Leipzig area with seven lines, went into operation. Central Germany's S-Bahn runs mainly in the Leipzig-Halle conurbation , but both Zwickau and, from 2015, Dessau-Roßlau are integrated into the network. With a route length of 455 km, it is the second largest S-Bahn network in Germany .
Airports
The central airport in the metropolitan region is Leipzig / Halle Airport . From here there are scheduled flights to the major German hub airports and to major European cities. However, charter traffic is more important in the passenger area, especially in the Mediterranean region and to North Africa. In the freight sector, Leipzig Halle Airport has developed into a main hub since DHL 's main European hub was established . The relatively young cargo airline Aerologic is based at Leipzig-Halle Airport. Since 2006, the US Army has also had passenger flights operated via Leipzig / Halle Airport for regular troop exchanges in Iraq and Afghanistan . Up to 80 troop transport flights with around 160 soldiers per day were handled per month. By early 2009, 450,000 soldiers are said to have flown into combat operations via Leipzig / Halle. However, the number of these flights is falling sharply.
In 2013, 2.24 million passengers and 887,000 t of freight were handled at Leipzig / Halle Airport. This makes Leipzig / Halle one of the largest cargo airports in Europe. The number of flight movements in 2013 was around 62,000.
economy
The metropolitan region of Saxony triangle is one of the oldest industrial regions in the world. Until well into the 20th century, it was one of the three economically strongest regions in Germany. The metropolitan region is currently the economically strongest region in the new federal states . Leipzig is now one of the 20 most important cities in Germany, also measured in terms of the domestic product actually achieved.
Key figures
The gross domestic product of Saxony of around 79 billion euros is largely due to the large Saxon part of the metropolitan region in which most of the Saxon citizens live. The metropolitan region should contribute around 61 billion euros to the German gross domestic product. Individual statistical subgroups show large differences in income. The income of the 20–35 age group is already above the overall German average of 3500 euros, but income is falling rapidly in the 40 and over age group, which is due to the frequent changes in qualifications after reunification. The largest cities of Dresden and Leipzig are included in the national accounts with around 10 and 9 billion euros respectively, and thus generate around a quarter of Saxony's domestic product.
The unemployment rates of the districts and municipalities in the region vary widely. In Saxony, 6.3% (July 2020) of the population are currently unemployed. The lack of “simple jobs” or the demand for “simple jobs” remains a major problem. The settled manufacturing companies, some of them at a high-tech level, were only able to solve this to a minor extent. In the metropolitan region, the unemployment rate has declined slightly over ten years, which can be attributed to large investments and a strengthening economy, but also to emigration . In recent years, spin-offs from the research landscape in particular have led to an increase in highly qualified jobs.
Economic problems
In the region, large corporations have invested billions in the double-digit range, but the capital base of the headquartered and private companies remains low. This is also reflected in the number of company headquarters, which is comparatively small. Many large corporations still in existence today, such as Audi , Schubert & Salzer , Wanderer-Werke AG, Hermann Pfauter AG, Dresdner Bank or Agfa , left the region for political reasons, especially between 1945 and 1961, and did not come with them after German reunification back to their corporate headquarters.
Due to the low purchasing power, which provides little private capital for business start-ups, entrepreneurship is also comparatively little developed. The general problem of the eastern federal states comes into play here: there is a lack of post-war generations who have been able to accumulate capital or have already built a family-run company. There are few private patent applications in the region , which are often technical prerequisites for setting up a business and consequently do not take place if there is insufficient capital .
Since the expenditures of the municipalities and regional authorities for infrastructure and modernization of public facilities have been very high in the last 15 years, the public sector has less and less money for direct economic development. The municipalities' debt per inhabitant is not that high. However, it must be borne in mind that the municipalities collect less taxes for repayments than comparable municipalities in the western federal states.
In the structural funding of the European Union , the region is currently losing the status of Objective 1 area , i.e. it has around 75% of the gross national income of the EU average. The Halle-Leipzig region lost its status in 2007. A major reason for the rise was the accession of the Eastern European countries, which lowered the Community average. In the Chemnitz and Zwickau region, too, the greatest amount of funding can continue to be given.
Education, research and development
Around 6% of all employees in the region work in research and development . This number is above the German average. The proportion of employees with a university degree is comparatively very high, especially in the metropolises. There are five universities or technical universities , five technical colleges and seven art colleges in the metropolitan region .
The University of Leipzig (founded in 1409) is one of the oldest universities in Germany. Third-party funding is an indicator of the value of contract research that a university offers other companies and institutions. The Leipzig University of Graphics and Book Art and the Burg Giebichenstein University of Art and Design Halle have a place in the visual arts beyond the region .
In the field of non-university research, the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, with a total of six institutes and sub-institutes, has as many facilities in no other city as in Dresden and is an important part of the “Microtechnical Production” competence network. Other important institutes for basic research, in particular those of the Max Planck Society and the Helmholtz Association , are located in Halle, Jena and Leipzig. The Leibniz Association is also regionally represented , the most famous institute of which in the region is the Institute for Economic Research in Halle. A total of ten member institutes from the areas (sections) “ Economics and Social Sciences , Spatial Sciences ”, “ Life Sciences ”, “ Mathematics , Natural and Engineering Sciences ” and “ Environmental Sciences ” are located in the region.
tourism
Leipzig, Halle and Lutherstadt Wittenberg are important travel destinations in the metropolitan region. In the entire metropolitan region, tourism is being expanded to become an important economic pillar, in Leipzig, for example, by upgrading the open-cast mine to a lake landscape (" Leipziger Neuseenland ") in the immediate vicinity.
Companies
Automotive and mechanical engineering
Saxony is a traditional mechanical engineering location . Apart from Daimler, all of the major German automobile manufacturers have production sites between Zwickau , Chemnitz and Leipzig. These are Volkswagen Sachsen in Zwickau and Chemnitz (VW engine plant) and BMW and Porsche in Leipzig. With the Porsche Cayenne in Leipzig, vehicles in the high-price segment are built in the region. The Porsche Panamera has also been produced in Leipzig since 2009 . VW and Porsche have founded subsidiaries for their productions in the region, around which a dense network of suppliers has developed. The formation of clusters is furthest advanced in the automotive industry, as, for example, vehicle electronics suppliers also produce in the region.
Textile mechanical engineering was the engine of mechanical engineering. The entire manufacturing industry in the region benefits from this, starting with the casting of engine blocks through to clean room technology . The more than hundred-year tradition of automobile manufacturing in the Chemnitz-Zwickau region goes back to companies such as Audi , Auto Union , DKW , Framo , Horch , Presto-Werke , Schüttoff and Wanderer-Werke . In 1932 the four companies Audi, DKW, Horch and Wanderer merged to form the Saxon Auto-Union group based in Chemnitz .
“Almost a quarter of German car production before the war came from Saxony and with the majestic Horch 8 cylinder certainly also the most beautiful cars. This tradition was broken off after the end of the Second World War. Not only the machines had to leave the country. The ability and knowledge also went west with many heads. For a region like Ingolstadt it was an invigorating vitamin boost. Incidentally, just as an anecdote: Audi has belonged to the Saxon state since the Great Depression and to that extent VW bought the Ingolstadt automotive location from us. "
Since the 1990s, a vital medium-sized mechanical engineering and supply industry has emerged in the Chemnitz-Zwickau region. From the development department of Horch -Werke , the former vehicle manufacturer Sachsenring in the GDR, the company Fahrzeug-Entwicklung Sachsen GmbH (FES) emerged after the political change , which belongs to the Auto-Entwicklungsring Sachsen GmbH (AES). Nowadays development orders for the automotive industry are processed here. The spin-off company was able to establish itself on the market. The replica of the Auto Union's world record racing car Type C from 1936 rolled out of the hall here in 2010, and has since been on display in the exhibition at the August Horch Museum in Zwickau .
Chemnitz as the founding city of German mechanical engineering is the central German mechanical engineering center with companies such as Niles-Simmons-Hegenscheidt Group , Heckert (Starrag Group) , Unitech Maschinen GmbH, Samputensili Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH, Union Werkzeugmaschinen GmbH, Samputensili GmbH - gear grinding machines , Schönherr Textilmaschinenbau GmbH, Terrot GmbH - Knitting machines, Karl Mayer Malimo Textilmaschinenfabrik GmbH, Sitec Industrietechnologie GmbH, 3D Micromac AG and others.
microelectronics
In addition to microelectronics and computing technology , products are also developed and produced in other technology areas, such as solar cells or organic light-emitting diodes (OLED). For example, a Technopark for microsystem technology is being built in Chemnitz with the Smart Systems Campus in the immediate vicinity of the TU Chemnitz in order to expand cooperation between science and industry.
Chemistry, pharmacy and biotechnology
The region around Leuna , south of Halle, was developed into an important chemical region, especially during the GDR era. As a result of inadequate or poorly maintained protective precautions, production was associated with enormous damage to people and the environment. Parts of the systems could be retained and are now running under European environmental standards, for example for the European oil company Total
Biotechnology is being expanded as a core competence in Halle . Two leading companies here are Probiodrug and Novosom public companies.
Services and information technology
Leipzig is one of the oldest trade fair locations in the world. Leipzig reached its peak as a trade fair city after the introduction of the sample fair in 1895 until the outbreak of World War II and dominated the national and European trade fair industry. The division of Germany led to a loss of importance. With the spring and autumn fair, the Leipziger Messe took over the function of the most important interface between the two economic systems. Since the collapse of Comecon this trade issue falls away what the Leipziger Messe forces you to other fair cities such as Hanover, Frankfurt, Cologne, Geneva or Munich to important international trade fairs to compete. As with CeBIT Home, it also had to take setbacks. The exhibition facilities are among the most modern in Germany and have good traffic connections.
With Comparex , a Europe-wide listed IT service provider is represented in the region in Leipzig. The former “Neuer Markt” and TecDAX company SAP SI is one of the largest IT service providers in Germany with around 1,800 employees and is now part of SAP again.
The American PC manufacturer Dell operates a sales and service center in Halle for business and private customers in Germany with around 750 employees (end of 2008).
Culture
International role
Among other things, with the Gewandhaus in Leipzig, opera and concert halls of European standing are located in the metropolises. The Handel Festival in Halle also attracts international attention - especially in English-speaking countries. Along with Frankfurt am Main, Leipzig is an important location for book printing and trade. The city is home to the German library, the forerunner and today's part of the German National Library (DNB) and holds an internationally important book fair every year .
The Leipzig gallery for contemporary art and the galleries of the Leipzig cotton spinning mill are also internationally known .
The Monument to the Battle of the Nations in Leipzig enjoys architectural importance due to its historical symbolic power .
The new building for the Museum of Fine Arts in Leipzig and the renovation of the Moritzburg Gallery in Halle are particularly impressive due to their spacious interior design.
Industrial culture
Industry, which has been driving social development in the region for more than 200 years, naturally affects other cultural areas. She had a major influence on science and architecture. Above all, the city of Chemnitz and the associated south-west Saxon region can point to a large number of industrial cultural monuments. For example, the Wanderer works are located in Chemnitz-Schönau and the first Auto Union headquarters are in Chemnitz. The Saxon Railway Museum and the beautifully restored Chemnitz Industrial Museum , which was a foundry of the then Auto Union until the end of the Second World War , also convey industrial history .
Basics and early industrialization
The Erzgebirge got its name because of the formerly rich ore deposits . In particular, silver , tin , iron and, most recently, uranium were almost completely mined. Especially after the outcome of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Saxony was looking for a way to pay the war indemnities it had imposed. In order to be able to improve the silver mining, the Bergakademie Freiberg was founded as early as 1765 . In order to be able to meet the demand for wood for the mining industry , the world's first university institution for forestry was founded and expanded in Tharandt by Johann Heinrich Cotta . In fact, many of today's forests in the Ore Mountains were created on areas that were cleared at the time. This forced ore mining later resulted in a certain wealth of the kingdom, so that funds were available for the expansion of the infrastructure ( Leipzig-Dresden railway , 1839 the first long-distance railway line in Germany). With the further expansion of one of the densest railway networks in the world in the 19th century, the basis for industrialization was laid.
Industry and culture
The center of the Saxon iron processing industry was Chemnitz . It became known as the cradle of German machine and vehicle construction. The region is also very important in the textile industry . Chemnitz was also called the Saxon Manchester at that time due to its high industrial density with over 500 chimneys . The living quarters of the workers and the mansions of the manufacturers were in the immediate vicinity of their factories. The cornerstone of German patent law was also laid in Chemnitz . And not without reason, since around 1900 there were six times as many patents registered in Chemnitz as the German average. This made the city the richest city in Germany at that time. The engineering achievements in machine, vehicle, railway and mining , which are exhibited in the Saxon Industrial Museum in Chemnitz, still tell of this time . In addition to the means of production of the companies, the products themselves are shown there. In the region around Chemnitz there are now branch offices of the museum that concentrate on specific areas.
Recultivation and post-mining landscapes
In the case of reforestation in the Ore Mountains from 1811, one can already speak of recultivation, even if this term was not used at that time. An attempt was made to restore the original condition, but the concentration on a few tree species left behind monocultures that were problematic for forestry .
In contrast to this, the opencast mines in the south of Leipzig have profoundly changed the landscape ( post-mining landscape ). The remaining open pit holes are or will be filled with groundwater and an extensive lake landscape arises, the Leipzig New Lakeland . Since the shore of a new lake has to strengthen geologically, it takes a long time for a lake to fill up in a stable manner. The Geiseltalsee south of Halle, the largest artificial lake in Germany, was flooded with water from the Saale within eight years , but still needs external water for decades to maintain its water level.
Attractions
Regional centers:
- Chemnitz: City Church St. Jacobi , Old Town Hall , Chemnitz art collections , sights in Chemnitz
- Dessau: Bauhaus Dessau , Mosigkau , Palace and Park Luisium , Dessau-Wörlitz
- Erfurt: Erfurt Cathedral , Severikirche , Krämerbrücke , Petersberg Citadel
- Gera: Market , Otto-Dix-Haus , sights in Gera
- Halle (Saale): Giebichenstein Castle , Francke Foundations , Red Tower , sights in Halle
- Jena: Jentower , Jena Planetarium , Seven Wonders
- Leipzig: Old Town Hall , Nikolaikirche , Thomaskirche , Russian Church , Mädlerpassage , Monument to the Battle of the Nations , Leipzig Zoo
- Zwickau: Robert Schumann House , St. Mary's Cathedral , Gewandhaus (theater), town hall
Middle centers
- Altenburg: Altenburg Castle , Lindenau Museum , Mauritianum , old town , red lace
- Apolda: market , bell museum , cultural monuments in Apolda
- Bernburg: castle , town hall
- Lutherstadt Eisleben: Luther's birthplace , Luther's death-house
- Delitzsch: Baroque Delitzsch Palace , Delitzsch Zoo
- Eilenburg: Eilenburg Castle , Eilenburger Bergkeller , Eilenburg Zoo
- Greiz: Classical ensemble with Lower Castle , Upper Castle , Summer Palace
- Grimma: second largest old town in the Leipzig region; Frauenkirche , monastery church , suspension bridge, Pöppelmannbrücke , town hall, former prince's school Sankt Augustin
- Meißen: Albrechtsburg
- Merseburg: cathedral , castle
- Naumburg: cathedral , old town
- Rudolstadt: Heidecksburg , castle , old town
- Saalfeld: Old town with almost completely preserved city fortifications , castle , fairy grottoes
- Torgau: Hartenfels Castle
- Weimar: Classic Weimar World Heritage Site , old town
- Weißenfels: Neu-Augustusburg Castle
- Lutherstadt Wittenberg: Augusteum and Lutherhaus , Melanchthonhaus , town church , castle and castle church
- Wurzen: St. Mary's Cathedral in Wurzen , Wurzen Castle , Ringelnatz birthplace
- Zeitz: Cathedral , Moritzburg Castle
The market square in Lutherstadt Eisleben
Cathedral and Severikirche in Erfurt
The Thomaskirche in Leipzig
The market in Gera
Saalfeld fairy grottoes
Wittenberg old town
.JPG)
Natural space and landscapes
The northern part of the metropolitan region lies primarily in the Leipzig lowland bay and the Saale-Unstrut-Triasland nature park as the southern branch of the north German lowlands.
The southern and central parts of Zwickau are already part of the Ore Mountains. The landscape of the region changes from the flat plains to the highlands of the low mountain range in the west and in the middle.
Important rivers in the region are the Elbe , Saale , Mulde and Weisse Elster . Almost the entire region was affected by the floods in 2002 , especially where cities and infrastructure are concentrated in the mountain valleys.
literature
- Hannes Berger: Metropolitan Region Central Germany - A Critical Analysis of the Political Institution. Academic Publishing Group Munich, Munich 2013, ISBN 978-3-86924-437-2 .
- Egermann, Markus: Local actors between competition and cooperation. On the collective action of municipal actors in the context of regional cooperation using the example of the metropolitan region of Central Germany . Leibniz Institute for Ecological Spatial Development. Rhombos Verlag, Berlin 2015, ISBN 978-3-944101-68-2 .
- Tobias Federwisch: Metropolitan Region 2.0: Consequences of a Neoliberal Development Policy. Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2012, ISBN 978-3-515-10003-8 .
Web links
- European Metropolitan Region Central Germany Management GmbH
- REGJO special economy and science for the metropolitan region of Saxony triangle.
Individual evidence
- ^ Region Central Germany, member cities ( Memento from June 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ).
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/fileadmin/ikm/01_monitoring/Regionales_Monitoring_IKM_BBR_2013.pdf
- ↑ Website of the Metropolitan Region Central Germany news / press releases /? Item = 297 # item297
- ↑ Guide, Region Central Germany ( Memento of the original dated December 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), Central Germany Region - Guide (page 4)
- ^ Dresdner Latest News from March 28, 2013 (page 15)
- ↑ Magdeburg city council information (PDF) Minutes of the city council resolution of June 14, 2013
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://mitteldeutschland.com/de/page/verzeichnis
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from January 30, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Unemployment rates in July 2020 - countries and districts. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Statistics from the Federal Employment Agency, accessed on August 11, 2020 .
- ↑ geiseltalsee-ifv.de: Der Geiseltalsee , accessed on February 11, 2011
Chemnitz | Dessau-Roßlau | Halle (Saale) | Jena | Gera | Leipzig | Zwickau