Geiseltalsee
| Geiseltalsee | ||
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| View of the lake near Müuellen in August 2014 | ||
| Geographical location | Saalekreis | |
| Tributaries | from the Saale | |
| Places on the shore | Frankleben , Klobikau , Stöbnitz , Bad Lauchstädt , Braunsbedra , Müelte | |
| Location close to the shore | Merseburg | |
| Data | ||
| Coordinates | 51 ° 18 '29 " N , 11 ° 53' 7" E | |
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| Altitude above sea level | 98.05 m above sea level NHN | |
| surface | 18.4 km² | |
| length | 7.3 km | |
| width | 3.5 km | |
| volume | 0.423 km³ | |
| scope | 41 km | |
| Maximum depth | 78 m | |
| Middle deep | 23 m | |
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particularities |
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The Geiseltalsee is a residual open pit lake in southern Saxony-Anhalt . The lake was created in the course of recultivation measures in the former Geiseltal lignite mining area northeast of Müelte . With almost 19 square kilometers, it is the largest artificial lake in Germany, one of the ten most water-rich lakes in Germany and the largest body of water in the Central German Lake District . Together with other lakes in the southeast ( Runstedter See , Südfeldsee and the much smaller Hassesee near Roßbach ) it forms the Geiseltaler lake complex.
history
Open pit lignite mining
In the Geiseltal there is a lignite deposit that was formed in the Tertiary ( Eocene ) and extends over an area of about 15 × 5 kilometers.
The mining of coal can be documented as early as 1698, but only gained importance in the second half of the 19th century. The opened pits were mainly used to supply the surrounding sugar factories. Overall, however, funding was at a low level. Between 1861 and 1906 it was only about 4.4 million tons.
In the course of advancing industrialization, explorations provided new insights into the extent of the deposit, which was developed on an industrial scale from 1905/06. Within a few years the opencast mines Elisabeth (1907), Rhineland (1907), Cecilie (1907), Beuna (1907), Leonhardt (1910), Vesta (1910), Gute Hoffnung (1911), Pfännerhall (1911) and Elise (1912) ) to operate. Eight briquette factories were built between 1897 and 1913 for further processing .
The lignite mined in the Geiseltal was not only used to generate energy, especially in the surrounding sugar factories, but also served as a raw material for chemical processes and accelerated the establishment of corresponding production facilities in the Merseburg area . After work Oppau the BASF went 1917 Leuna Werke as a second large-scale plant for ammonia synthesis by the Bosch process Haber- in operation. The IG Farben began in 1936 in Schkopau with the construction of the Buna-Werke , the world's first factory for synthetic rubber . In the same year was Lützkendorf at Krumpa also Construction of the hydrogenation plant of Wintershall AG for the production of synthetic gasoline .
After 1945, mining was intensified (opening of the Kayna South opencast mine in 1948 ). The extensive open-cast mining operation resulted in fundamental changes in the landscape and the structure of the settlement. Settlements have been devastated since 1929 . A total of 18 settlements were wholly or partially dredged and around 12,500 people were resettled. The hostage's course was rescheduled four times. The railway line Merseburg – Müuellen also had to be re -routed four times, the overland tram line Merseburg – Müuellen was gradually dismantled from 1957.
Reclamation
The huge opencast mining holes that remained after the mining of the lignite led to considerations for further use as early as GDR times, although initially only a large water reservoir was considered.
After reunification, the plans since 1991 focused on renovation with the aim of creating a supra-regional recreational and leisure area as a post-mining landscape under the name Geiseltaler Seenkomplex . The open-cast mine was stopped on June 30, 1993 after a total of 1.4 billion tons of lignite had been mined and the same amount of spoil had been moved. As a result of the mining, an almost 80 m deep open-cast mine with an area of around 2,600 hectares was created .
Flooding with water from the Saale began after extensive earthworks and renovation work on June 30, 2003 and was completed in 2011. At the end of August 2008, all of the partial lakes converged to form a closed water surface at a level of 90.3 m above sea level. NHN . The level rose by one centimeter a day until it was full.
The planned forest and recreational areas should be around 800 hectares. The Goldener Steiger wine-growing area (with ostrich farm ) was laid out on around 30 hectares of the gently sloping bank areas in the north . Landscape maintenance is carried out by the Red Höhenvieh , a breed of cattle that is threatened with extinction.
On April 29, 2011 the Geiseltalsee reached its highest level of 98.05 m above sea level. NHN , the outlet structure in Frankleben took over its function as a level regulator. It is planned that external water will be supplied for at least another 20 years, because the underground, which is rugged for mining, causes seepage losses.
Tourist use
In addition to three approximately 14-meter-high observation towers , numerous gastronomic and tourist facilities are under construction or in planning.
- The 14.5 m high observation tower Seeblick Klobikauer Höhe , built in 2002, is 2 km south of Klobikau , a district of the city of Bad Lauchstädt, on the Klobikau dump not far from an abandoned bunker.
- The 14.43 m high Leonhardt observation tower, built in 1996, is located on the Geiseltalrundweg immediately north of Neumark, a district of the town of Braunsbedra . The tower with the 11.05 m high viewing platform forms an artificial gate over a side route of the asphalt circular path
- The 15 m high Pauline observation tower has stood on the outskirts of Stöbnitz, a district of the town of Müelte above the Geiseltalrundweg 1 km north of the local marina , since 2003 .
The official touristic use of the lake area should start in mid-August 2011 with a partial release. Investors and lake users were irritated here because the official assessment of the stability of embankments has still not been completed. These delays are apparently a consequence of the demolition of the embankment on the Concordia lake in Nachterstedt in June 2009. The partial release took place in 2012, it covers a large part of the southern part.
On the south side, in Braunsbedra and Müuellen, there are two marinas. In 2014 the pier in Braunsbedra was handed over. There are bathing beaches on the north side, in Frankleben (with diving center and dog beach) and Stöbnitz (with campsite and nudist beach).
24-30 km long, e.g. Some asphalted, cycle paths surround the lake, partly unpaved hiking trails run parallel. The lake is also the starting point of the Sole, Coal and History cycle path to Lützen via Bad Dürrenberg , while the Dolmen, Goethe and Salt Road cycle paths lead past the lake. The Geiseltalexpress , starting at Braunsbedra, circles the lake.
In 2013 the Association Network Geiseltal e. V. supported by the state of Saxony-Anhalt with the installation of the tourist themed route "Geiseltaler Sagensteine". For this purpose, boulders with stainless steel panels were installed at 25 locations around the Geiseltalsee, offering tourists and visitors who are guided by guides or GPS coordinates on the trail of the Geiseltal legends. Conceptually, this concept continues the strategy of educational tourism in Saxony-Anhalt and offers coupling points to the tourist routes Himmelswege , Via Regia, the Mühlenwanderweg and the Jakobsweg, which touch the Geiseltalsee area at various points.
Fish fauna
After certain parts of the reservoir were approved for sport fishing, the Kreisangelverein Merseburg eV leased the fishing rights. Fish species include perch , bream , gable , pike , crucian carp , carp , vendace , rainbow trout , roach , rudd , tench and pikeperch . In addition to predatory fish such as the pike, which grows very well, non-predatory fish also find ideal living conditions. Tench over 60 centimeters in size were repeatedly observed in the clear water. In the Geiseltalsee, a large stock of vendace has been carried out since 2009 . Due to the large occurrence of zooplankton , the Institute for Inland Fisheries in Potsdam assumes that the vendace, which is highly valued as a food fish, will establish itself as the main fish species in the lake in the near future and form stable stocks.
See also
literature
- Interest and development association Geiseltalsee e. V. (Ed.): The Geiseltal in the 21st century. Design of a post-mining landscape . Munch 2000
- Hellmund Meinolf (Ed.): The Geiseltal Project 2000. First scientific results . Hallesches Jahrbuch für Geoswissenschaften, supplement 13, Halle / S. 2001
- Geiseltal Network Association V. (Ed.): Regional action plan for tourism and related services in the Geiseltal . Krumpa 2008
- Backhaus-Verlag (ed.): "Geistertalsee" . Legends and stories from the Geiseltal including audio book and location hiking map. Langeneichstädt 2008
- Advisory service Jakubowski (ed.): Pocket guide Geiseltalseen . Tourist guide about local sights including cycling and hiking map and a restaurant and accommodation directory. Rossbach 2009
Web links
- Information about the region, tourist offers, news
- Information about the lake
- Geiseltalsee interest and support association
- Information portal about the Geiseltal and the Geiseltalsee
Individual evidence
- ↑ A trio celebrates the end of the flooding . In: Mitteldeutsche Zeitung of April 30, 2011, accessed on September 1, 2011 ( digitized version )
- ↑ Klobikau lookout tower . In: Structurae (in other sources the height is given as 15 m or around 15 m).
- ↑ Leonhardt on pfaennerhall.de
- ↑ Leonhardt observation tower in Braunsbedra on strab-holz.de
- ↑ Sights: "Pauline" observation tower OT Stöbnitz on geiseltalsee.de
- ↑ Release card
- ↑ Cycle paths in the Saale-Unstrut region
- ↑ Member of the State Fishing Association of Saxony-Anhalt eV
- ↑ LMBV-specific 03/2012: Goitzschesee and Geiseltalsee are not only interesting from a bird's eye view ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Pike paradise thanks to brown coal, Blinker, May 2016, p. 73
- ↑ Saalekreis 5.8 million new fish in Geiseltalsee, MZ, April 29, 2010
- ↑ Millions of vendace for Geiseltalsee, MZ, April 15, 2009
- ↑ Vendors will soon provide their own offspring, Mitteldeutsche Zeitung, September 30, 2010 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
