Robert Schumann House Zwickau
| Robert Schumann House Zwickau | |
|---|---|
 Robert Schumann House Zwickau
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| place | Zwickau |
| ISIL | DE-Zwi17 |
| management | Thomas Synofzik |
| Website | www.schumannzwickau.de |
The Robert Schumann House in Zwickau is a museum in Saxony and the reconstructed and expanded birthplace of the composer and musician Robert Schumann .
history
History of the museum
For Schumann's 100th birthday on June 8, 1910, the city of Zwickau founded the Robert Schumann Museum. An exhibition presented the initially modest basis of the museum, which was then located in the Zwickau Council School Library , and from 1914 in the building of the König Albert Museum . The first director in 1910 was Martin Kreisig (1856–1940), who built up a large and varied collection within almost thirty years in the service of the Schumann Museum. His intensive correspondence with the two Schumann daughters Marie and Eugenie led to the purchase of numerous documents and autographs from their parents (correspondence in the Robert Schumann House). After Kreisig's retirement in 1940, museum director Rudolf von Arps-Aubert also took over the management of the Schumann Museum on an interim basis , before the Robert Schumann Museum received its second independent director after the end of the war with the appointment of teacher Georg Eismann (1899–1968).
It is thanks to his intensive, politically not always easy efforts that the house where Robert Schumann was born on Hauptmarkt was completely rebuilt after the floods in 1954 and handed over in 1956 as the Robert Schumann House with a museum, concert hall and research center. The house and museum were designed according to his plans; the main features of the exhibition (modernization in the early 1990s) can be traced back to Eismann's design. In February 2011, the carefully expanded exhibition was opened to the public. In 1963 Eismann retired due to illness and was briefly succeeded by Gerhardt Blank, who was followed in 1965 by Martin Schoppe (1936–1998) as the first studied musicologist. He was succeeded in office by Gerd Nauhaus , today Honorary Chairman of the Robert Schumann Society Zwickau e. V. Thomas Synofzik has been in charge of the Robert Schumann House since 2005 .
History of the house
The history of the house in which Robert Schumann was born in 1810 goes back to the year 1450. The Robert Schumann family - his parents Christiane and August Schumann with their children Eduard, Carl, Julius and Emilie - came from Ronneburg in Thuringia in 1808 Zwickau pulled. August Schumann had already made a name for himself as a writer, bookseller and publisher in Thuringia and together with his brother Friedrich founded the soon established and flourishing publishing house Gebrüder Schumann with its headquarters at the west end of the main market (today: Hauptmarkt 5). in Zwickau. The publishing house was best known for its souvenir sheets for educated readers and for the 18-volume Post, State and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony . In addition, the publishing house Gebrüder Schumann produced popular classic editions in miniature format, which are considered the first paperbacks on the German market. In this house, which was only rented, Robert Schumann was born on June 8, 1810. He spent seven years in this house before his father bought his own house not far from the house where he was born, which was destroyed in the Second World War. Since the anniversary year 2010, plaques embedded in the floor have been reminiscent of Robert Schumann's youth center.
museum
In eight exhibition rooms, the museum presents the life and work of Robert and Clara (Wieck-) Schumann in the world's largest exhibition.
Room one is dedicated to Schumann's time in Zwickau: his father's publishing house (among other things, the above-mentioned paperback editions can be seen here), Schumann's first literary works and his school days.
The Leipzig (and Heidelberg) student days are illuminated in rooms two and three. In addition to the composer's decision in favor of his passion and against studying law, his intensive studies at the piano (resulting in a chronic disease of the right hand), his composition studies, the founding of his new magazine for music together with his future father-in-law Friedrich Wieck and some Davidsbündler Room three is primarily dedicated to the beginning of Robert Schumann's liaison with the nine years younger, at that time already celebrated Europe-wide pianist Clara Wieck (1819–1897) and the wedding of the two artists on September 12, 1840 with the exhibition of Robert Schumann's wedding present ( Myrtles op. 25) and the first and only joint work, Twelve Poems from Rückert's “Liebesfrühling” op. 37 (listed under Op. 12 by Clara Schumann).
Room four presents the first years of marriage together in Leipzig: the composition of symphony, chamber music and oratorio, the work at the newly founded Conservatory for Music, the friendship with Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and finally the Schumann family's journey of several months to Russia for the time in Leipzig.
On the trip to Russia ill Robert Schumann was supposed to make a change in the air to recover and the doctors advised to move to Dresden temporarily (room five). The short stay turned into an almost six-year phase of life: the composer's growing reputation - the most important German composer after Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy's death in 1847 and Richard Wagner's flight from Germany in 1849 - is reflected not only in his compositions, but also in his choice of Head of the Dresden Liedertafel . It was during this time that Robert Schumann founded the Dresden Choral Society (January 5, 1848) and the politically troubled times of the revolutionary uprisings in Dresden (May 1849), which the Schumann family tried to escape by fleeing to Maxen and Kreischa . In 1847 the first Zwickau Schumann Festival took place. The steadily growing family (including the early death of their first son in 1847) is given space accordingly.
In 1850 Robert Schumann was called to Düsseldorf as music director (room six). The Rhenish period, which found its musical expression in Symphony No. 3 ("Rhenish") and the Catholic environment, which was taken into account in the compositions of the Mass op. 147 and the Requiem, is characterized by the increasing health impairments of Schumann, his Problems with the members of the Düsseldorfer Musikverein, but also through interesting new acquaintances like the one with Johannes Brahms in 1853 or Joseph Joachim . Schumann spent the last two years of his life after jumping into the Rhine and rescuing him (ship's rescue medal; painting of the bridge) in the sanatorium in Endenich (near Bonn).
Room seven is dedicated to Clara Schumann and her work after the death of her husband and the decisive influence on the dissemination of the work through teaching (certificate of appointment at the Hoch Conservatory in Frankfurt), the first complete edition of Robert Schumann's works and her lively concert activities at home. and abroad. Individual pieces owned by the Schumann family (chessboard, dominoes, but also gifts of honor to Clara Schumann for her stage anniversaries, etc.) depict the everyday life of the Schumann family.
In Robert Schumann's birth room there is now the memorial room (room eight) with valuable originals from the possession of Robert and Clara Schumann, such as the stone grand piano (see keyboard instrument collection) or Robert Schumann's original standing desk. These items were acquired by the Schumann collector Alfred Wiede, who ultimately bequeathed them to the museum.
Since February 2011 there is a new multimedia station in the foyer, designed by the American artist Janet Grau. The children's corner is on the gallery.
Exhibits
Friedrich Hausmann : Clara Schumann (1896)
Bust of Robert Schumann by Johann Peter Götting (1852)
Bust of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy
Marble relief of Robert and Clara Schumann by Ernst Rietschel (1846)
Robert Schumann by Edmund Schorisch (1935)
Special exhibitions
Three to four special exhibitions per year on Robert and / or Clara Schumann in their relationships with friends, colleagues, relatives and families are shown every year in the foyer of the Robert Schumann House.
Keyboard instrument collection
The heart of the collection of historical keyboard instruments in the Robert-Schumann-Haus is the fortepiano from the house of André Stein in Vienna (also: Clara-Wieck-Flügel; room eight), which Friedrich Wieck commissioned for his daughter Clara. Received March 1828. At the first public concert of the only nine-year-olds in the Leipzig Gewandhaus on October 20, 1828, she played on this piano. Her father later sold the grand piano to the Focke family, who were friends. From the property of the great-grandson of this family, the piano was donated to the Schumann Museum in Zwickau in 1911. The piano from Zwickau was the model for the illustration of the grand piano on the back of the former 100 DM note .
Ernst Rosenkranz (1773–1828) founded his piano factory in 1797, in which the square piano in room two was built around 1840. Friedrich Wieck had often traded in pianos from the house of Rosenkranz in his pianoforte trade in Dresden. There is evidence that Clara Schumann often played instruments from this house. Table pianos have been popular and inexpensive home instruments because of their small size. In 1970 the Robert-Schumann-Haus received this piano as a gift.
The grand piano in room four (around 1870) by Ludwig Bösendorfer (1835–1919), who had taken over his father's company in 1859 , has traditional Viennese mechanics . The use of large and heavy hammer heads distinguishes the older Stein grand with Viennese action from the Bösendorfer grand, which makes it harder to play when attacked. A grand piano by Wilhelm Wieck (1828–1874) has also been in the Zwickau collection since the 1970s. Wilhelm Wieck was a cousin of Clara Schumann.
A physharmonica , exhibited in the memorial room, completes the collection: it comes from the estate of Friedrich Wieck, who bought it as a travel instrument for his two “pianistic prodigies” Clara and Marie . The physharmonica is the forerunner of the harmonium, in which the left pedal is used to generate the playful wind and the right pedal can be used to reduce the volume by means of a wind release valve. Alfred Wieder from Weißenborn bought the instrument from Marie Wieck and bequeathed it to the Robert Schumann Museum in Zwickau on April 21, 1917.
In order to practice playing the organ, Robert and Clara Schumann rented a so-called pedal keyboard in Dresden, which was placed under a piano (or a grand piano positioned higher). The pedal keyboard in the Robert-Schumann-Haus was probably built in the 19th century and was used earlier in the Paulus parish of Marienthal. For this form of the “pedal wing” Robert Schumann composed the Studies in Canonical Form, Op. 56, Sketches, Op. 58 and the Fugues on BACH, Op. 60.
Events
Chamber music hall
In the concert hall, which can accommodate 140 people, there are concerts in the subscription series "Schumann Plus" and numerous other chamber music concerts as own events, concerts within the Schumann Festival and numerous concerts by external organizers, with the spectrum ranging from early music to salon music to jazz extends. Two modern grand pianos by Steinway & Sons (1991) and August Förster (1955) are available, as are the museum's historical keyboard instruments. The modernized hall is also increasingly being used for other types of events. The winter garden, which was covered in 2001, borders the hall and offers additional space for catering, for example.
"Schumann Festival"
1847 is the year the Zwickau Music Festival was founded in honor of the great composer of the Mulde city. While the early death of the firstborn son Emil initially prevented the Schumann family from participating in the festivities, both artists traveled to the festival after the festivities had been postponed. Robert Schumann as conductor and Clara Schumann as soloist were also on stage. The second music festival took place on the 50th birthday of Robert Schumann.
Nowadays, the Schumann Festival takes place every year in the week of the birthday with choral and orchestral works, song and chamber music evenings.
Schumann competitions
Every four years the “International Robert Schumann Competition” for piano and voice takes place in Zwickau.
Every two years the Robert Schumann Conservatory organizes the “Little Schumann Competition” in collaboration with the Robert Schumann Society in Zwickau.
The “International Robert Schumann Choir Competition” also usually takes place every four years.
Schumann year 2010
On the 200th birthday of Robert Schumann, the city of Zwickau celebrated its big son with well over 200 events, numerous exhibitions and actions.
archive
The world's largest collection of documents and autographs by Robert and Clara Schumann, rounded off by writings and original compositions by contemporaries, is located in the archive of the Robert Schumann House and makes this one of the most important research centers on Robert and Clara Schumann and their time for researchers all over the world. Autograph scores, title pages, dedications, letters and sketches, of which the most valuable are the sketches for Genoveva op.81, Dichterliebe op.48 and the working manuscript for perhaps Schumann's best-known piano work, the Album for the Young Op.68 and Robert and Clara Schumann (Marriage) diaries belong, are supplemented by no less valuable first editions of all of Schumann's works, the so-called personal copies. An extensive collection of Cartes de Visite , (oil) paintings and pictures document the large circle of friends and acquaintances of the Schumann family and at the same time illustrate life in the 19th century.
Research Center
Letter issue
The complete edition of all letters from Robert and Clara Schumann and their correspondents in more than 40 volumes began in 2005 after an initial project phase in 1998 and following. Scattered all over the world are an estimated 20,000 letters penned by Robert and Clara Schumann, some in public libraries, some in private hands. A total of around 300 letters from Robert and more than 2,000 letters from Clara Schumann are in the archive of the Robert Schumann House, plus letters from the Wieck, Schumann and Bargiel families. Almost the entire inventory of approx. 5500 letters to Robert Schumann has been preserved, since the composer has bound them in a total of 28 large volumes of 100 or 200 letters each (the so-called correspondences ). They are now in the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow.
Complete edition
On the initiative of the Robert Schumann Society in Düsseldorf (founded in 1979), the Union of German Academies of Sciences in Mainz included a New Robert Schumann Complete Edition in the funding program in 1985 . In April 1986 the Robert Schumann Research Center in Düsseldorf was opened. Scientific editing techniques require precise source research, which is why collaboration with the Zwickau musicologists was sought, but was often difficult due to the existing political situation. This changed with the political turnaround and the onset of the internationalization of the house: the extensive collections in the Robert Schumann House and their significance for the project prompted the Mainz Academy in 1992 to set up another research center in Zwickau.
Publications of the house
Independent publications of the house are the Schumann studies , which have been published at regular intervals since 1976 and contain reports from congresses and meetings as well as independent work on Robert Schumann and his environment.
See also
- Schumann House in Leipzig
- Schumann House Bonn
literature
- Carmen Rosenthal: Found again in the Robert Schumann House in Zwickau - Official Gazette from the Wilhelm Heyer Museum of Music History. In: Forum Musikbibliothek, 33rd year 2012/1, pp. 40–44.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Freie Presse : Page no longer available , search in web archives: Robert Schumann House shows new permanent exhibition. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
- ^ Gerd Nauhaus, Anette Müller: Robert-Schumann-Haus Zwickau. Deutscher Kunstverlag 2000. (= Saxon museums, volume 11.)
- ↑ Felicitas Marwinski: Books "en miniature" from Zwickau. The paperback series of the publishing house Gebr. Schumann. Edited by Thomas Synofzik and Lutz Mahnke, Cologne 2011.
- ↑ Freie Presse: Page no longer available , search in web archives: location of Schumann's youth center in Zwickau reconstructed , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ^ Description of the exhibition in the Zwickau Schumann House; Retrieved May 12, 2010
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/historische_tasteninstrumente.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/PDF/schumannplus_sonntagskonzerte2012.pdf , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/konzertsaal.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/schumann-fest_vorstellung.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/rsw_klavier_gesang_vorstellung.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/kleiner_rsw_vorstellung.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/rsw_chor_vorstellung.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumannzwickau.de/archiv_forschungszentrum.asp , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ Schumann-Briefedition , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.schumann-ga.de/ , accessed on February 17, 2012.
- ↑ http://www.studiopunktverlag.de/reihe_schumannstudien.php , accessed on February 17, 2012.
Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 3.5 ″ N , 12 ° 29 ′ 47.3 ″ E