Friedrich Wieck

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Friedrich Wieck around 1830, painting in the Robert Schumann House in Zwickau

Johann Gottlob Friedrich Wieck (born August 18, 1785 in Pretzsch ; † October 6, 1873 in Loschwitz ) was a German musician , music critic and music teacher . He was the father of the musician and composer Clara Schumann .

Live and act

Origins and marriages

Friedrich Wieck's passion for music developed almost without any support from his parents. As a high school student at the Thomas School in Leipzig , he took piano lessons without his parents' knowledge, but studied theology at their request .

In 1816 he married the singer and pianist Mariane Tromlitz , daughter of Plauen city cantor George Christian Gotthold Tromlitz and granddaughter of the flute virtuoso Johann Georg Tromlitz (1725–1805). With her he had five children: Adelheid (1817-1819), Clara (* 1819), Alwin (* 1821), Gustav (* 1823) and Viktor (1824-1826). By the time Viktor was born, the parents had already separated.

In 1828 Wieck married Clementine Fechner, who was twenty years his junior, the sister of Eduard Clemens and Gustav Theodor Fechner . In 1832 the daughter Marie emerged from this marriage , who later became a pianist, as well as Cäcilie (1834-1893), who fell ill at an early age, but before that as a talented young pianist. In his writings Wieck spoke appreciatively of his "three daughters"; meant Clara, Marie and Cäcilie. His first wife Mariane later moved to Berlin and married the music teacher Adolph Bargiel (1783–1841). One child of this marriage was the composer Woldemar Bargiel .

Wieck's apartments in Leipzig were from 1818 to 1821 in the Hohe Lilie house in Neuer Neumarkt (today Neumarkt) on the corner of Preußergäßchen, where daughter Clara was born in 1819, from 1821 to 1825 in Salzgäßchen (house 407), from 1825 to 1835 in Selliers Hof, Grimmaische Straße, (today the Steigenberger Hotel) and from 1835 to 1840 in Nikolaistraße (house 555).

activities

Friedrich Wieck around 1838, drawing by the singer Pauline Viardot-Garcia

After completing his theology studies, Wieck initially worked as a private tutor. From 1818 to 1835 he was the owner of a piano factory and a music lending institute in Leipzig. In this position he traveled several times to Vienna to see his business partner Matthäus Andreas Stein there . On one of these trips he visited Ludwig van Beethoven in July 1823 in his summer quarters in Hetzendorf . The detailed conversation between the two has come down to us in Beethoven's conversation books and in a letter from Wieck. 1828 bought Wieck a fortepiano of stone for his daughter Clara. Today he is in the Robert-Schumann-Haus in Zwickau and was shown together with Clara Schumann on the back of the 100 DM note.

Wieck is considered one of the most important music educators of the early 19th century in the German-speaking world. The most successful student was his daughter Clara . He trained her, organized for her concert tours through Europe, which at the time were often difficult to manage, and helped her to gain early fame through his activities. Clara's half-sister Marie was also trained to be a successful pianist by her father.

Other pupils of Wieck were Hans von Bülow and the composer Robert Schumann , whom Clara later married against her father's will in 1840. Schumann had to fight for the marriage license before the court. This in turn led to the break in the friendly relations between the two, which, despite Wieck's efforts to achieve reconciliation, never returned.

Wieck was also active as an essayist and book author and was probably the first (1853) to use the expression " Zukunftsmusik " in German ; inadvertently, Ludwig Bischoff is often referred to as the author in the literature .

Change to Dresden

Friedrich Wieck
Residential house in Dresden- Loschwitz
Friedrich Wieck's grave in the Trinitatisfriedhof in Dresden

In 1840 Wieck moved to Dresden with his wife Clementine and their daughter Marie. Most recently he lived in Loschwitz. In December 1844 he met with the piano teacher and composer Karl Kuchten and other people to organize a chamber music series .

Friedrich Wieck was buried in the Trinity Cemetery in Dresden in the Johannstadt district.

Works

  • Piano and vocals. Didactic and polemical . Whistling, Leipzig 1853. (Reprint, edited by Sigrid Lehmstedt: Con Brio, Regensburg 1996, ISBN 3-930079-86-0 )
  • Friedrich Wieck - Collected writings on music and musicians. Essays and aphorisms on taste, music education and voice training, with comments and a historical introduction. ed. by Tomi Mäkelä, Christoph Kammertöns and Lena Esther Ptasczyski. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2018, ISBN 978-3-631-76745-0 .
  • Musical peasant sayings and aphorisms of serious and cheerful content. 2nd Edition. Leuckart, Leipzig 1875.
  • A detailed list of compositions, edited by Thomas Synofzik, can be found in the Robert-Schumann-Haus in Zwickau. These are piano pieces, e.g. Sometimes with instrumental accompaniment, collections of dances and songs, both in print and in handwriting.

literature

  • Anna von Meichsner: Friedrich Wieck and his two daughters Clara Schumann, b. Wieck, and Marie Wieck . Matthes, Leipzig 1875.
  • Adolph Kohut : Friedrich Wieck. A picture of life and an artist . Pierson, Dresden / Leipzig 1888.
  • Viktor Joos: Friedrich Wieck and his relationship with Robert Schumann . Dam, Dresden 1900.
  • Viktor Joos: The music teacher Friedrich Wieck and his family. With special consideration of his son-in-law Robert Schumann . Damm, Dresden 1902.
  • Marie Wieck: From the Wieck-Schumann district . Zahn & Jaensch, Dresden 1914. (to Friedrich Wieck, Clara Schumann née Wieck, Robert Schumann, Marie Wieck).
  • Käthe Walch-Schumann (Ed.): Friedrich Wieck. Letters from the years 1830–1838 . (= Contributions to Rhenish music history. Issue 74). Volk, Cologne 1968.
  • Heinrich Kühne : The music teacher from Pretzsch: Friedrich Wieck. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter. No. 2, 1987, pp. 66-67.
  • Thomas Genneper: As a patient with Samuel Hahnemann . The treatment of Friedrich Wieck in the years 1815/1816 . Haug, Heidelberg 1991.
  • Tomi Mäkelä: “May this ingenious, tasteful, sensitive composer and virtuoso serve as a model for you here as well.” The Chopin picture by Friedrich Wieck. In: Irena Poniatowska (Ed.): Chopin and his work in the context of culture. Warsaw 2003, pp. 106-113.
  • Friederike Preiß: The trial. Clara and Robert Schumann's controversy with Friedrich Wieck . Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2004.
  • Cathleen Köckritz: Friedrich Wieck. Studies in biography and piano pedagogy. (= Studies and materials on musicology. Volume 44). Olms, Hildesheim 2007, ISBN 978-3-487-13194-8 .
  • Eberhard Möller (ed.): Robert and Clara Schumann's correspondence with the Wieck family. (= Schumann letter edition. Series I. Volume 2). Dohr, Cologne 2011, ISBN 978-3-86846-046-9 .
  • Thomas Synofzik: Friedrich Wieck and the Physharmonika in the Robert Schumann House in Zwickau. In: Schumann Studies. Volume 10, Studiopunkt Verlag, Sinzig 2012, pp. 193–215.
  • Cathleen Köckritz: "... that's how I would do big business here". The instrument dealer Friedrich Wieck. In: Schumann Studies. Volume 10, Studiopunkt Verlag, Sinzig 2012, pp. 141–164.
  • Thomas Synofzik: Friedrich Wieck as a singing teacher. In: Wolfgang Mende, Sebastian Biesold, Uta Dorothea Sauer (Ed.): Partita. Twenty-seven movements on the history of music in Dresden. Festschrift for Hans-Günter Ottenberg on his 65th birthday . Thelem, Dresden 2012, ISBN 978-3-942411-55-4 , pp. 247-260.
  • Hans-Joachim Böttcher : Wieck, Friedrich. In: Important historical personalities of the Düben Heath. (= AMF. No. 237). 2012, p. 106.

Movie

In 1983 Peter Schamoni made a film entitled Spring Symphony about the intricate relationship between Friedrich Wieck and his daughter Clara in connection with the marriage of Clara and Robert Schumann. Rolf Hoppe played the role of Friedrich Wieck.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Tomi Mäkelä , Christoph Kammertöns , Lena Esther Ptasczynski (eds.): Friedrich Wieck - Collected writings on music and musicians . Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2019, ISBN 978-3-631-76745-0 , p. 299  passim .
  2. ↑ Clara Wieck's birthplace. Retrieved February 9, 2019 .
  3. ↑ Klaus Martin Kopitz , Rainer Cadenbach (Ed.) U. a .: Beethoven from the point of view of his contemporaries in diaries, letters, poems and memories. Volume 2: Lachner - Zmeskall. Edited by the Beethoven Research Center at the Berlin University of the Arts. Henle, Munich 2009, ISBN 978-3-87328-120-2 , pp. 1093-1095.
  4. ↑ Tomi Mäkelä: "We owe the living consideration, the dead only the truth." An introduction [...] In: Friedrich Wieck - Gesammelte Schriften . Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2019, ISBN 978-3-631-76745-0 , p. 15-49, especially 38 f .

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Wieck  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Wieck, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wieck, Johann Gottlob Friedrich (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German musician and music teacher, father of Clara Schumann
DATE OF BIRTH August 18, 1785
PLACE OF BIRTH Pretzsch (Elbe) , Wittenberg
DATE OF DEATH October 6, 1873
Place of death Loschwitz , Dresden