High loam

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Hoherlehme is part of the municipality of Wildau in the Dahme-Spreewald district (Brandenburg). The place was first mentioned in a document in 1375. In 1922 the place was renamed Wildau, and the focus of the development shifted about one kilometer to the east. Since then, the original Hoherlehme settlement has been successively residential, district or part of the municipality of Wildau, and since April 1, 2013, the city of Wildau.

location

The village meadow Hoherlehme is about 1.6 km from the streets Friedrich-Engels-Straße / Fontaneallee along the Dahme, where today's center of the city of Wildau is located. The old village center of Miersdorf is just under two kilometers as the crow flies, the inner city area of Königs Wusterhausen about 2.5 km to the southeast. A total of four larger streets lead to the Dorfaue, Miersdorfer Straße from the north, Freiheitsstraße and Bergstraße from the east and Chausseestraße from the south. The center is about 60  m above sea level. NHN .

history

The place was first mentioned in the land book of Charles IV as Alta Lomen . The name is derived from a plb. Basic form * Lom-n- to original Slavic * lomь = break, wind break from. A derivation from a basic form * Lom or * lomy (plural) is less likely . It could be an alignment with brb. lume or lome , meaning a hole carved in the ice for ice fishing. This could explain the female gender of the place name in the first mention , and in documented mentions from 1444 ( zou Hohelomen ), 1472 ( the Hogen Leme ) and even 1536 ( zur high Lemen ). Later spellings are also male, such as Hogerlomen (1450) and Hogerlame (1480). The village was given the addition Alta or Hoher to distinguish it from the lower Niederlehme located on the Dahme. According to the historical local lexicon, the structure of Hoherlehme was a dead end or Breitgassendorf.

Prehistory and early history

The area along the Dahme was favorable to settlement, as evidenced by Neolithic finds south of the motorway bridge ( BAB 10 ). Further finds belong to several Bronze Age settlements, to settlements of the Roman Empire and to several Slavic settlements.

Medieval story

The land book of Emperor Charles IV gives a first, more detailed description of the place:

“In Alta Lomen sunt 51 mansi, plebanus habet 8 liberos. Quilibet mansus dat in pactum 3 modios siliginis et 3 modios avene et 5 mansi dant 1 modium siliginis et 1 modium ordei et 2 modios avene pro annonan precarie, 27 pfennigs in interest and 27 pfennigs in bede. Nicolaus Sunde has pactum de 7 mansis cum siligine ave (sic). Nicolaus Bartholomeus, civis in Berlin, et Bartholomeus, civis in Mittenwolde, habent pactum de 16 mansi in siligine tantum. Helmsuwer, civis in Berlin, alium pactum in siligine et in avene et eciam censum de omnibus mansis preter 22, de quibus Sunde tollit censum. Item Helmsuwer habet precariam totam. Hil omnes habuerunt annis, quibus possunt recordari, et idem habet de qualibet curia ville unum pullum et 5 ova et una taberna iuxtas aquas 1 sexagenum pullorum. 8 sunt curie cossatoum: 1 mandalam pullorum et 1 solidum denariorum. Helmsuwer has Pullos. Taberna est deserta, que consuevit dare 6 solidos Helmsuwer, qui eciam servicium curruum cum iudicio supremo, ius patronatus. Addition: Et es sciendum, quod dictus Hemsuwer vendidit dictam villam Sifrido de Slywen et Sifridus vendidit alterius Titzmanno de Nuwendorph. "

- (Schulze, Landbuch, p. 82/83)

According to this description, the village had 51 hooves, of which the pastor had 8 free hooves. Why the pastor had 8 free hooves here is not clear, two to four hooves are common. Each of the taxable hooves had to lease three bushels of rye and three bushels of oats. Each hoof gave 27 pfennigs interest and 27 pfennigs bede . Five hooves also gave a fruit bed of 1 bushel of rye, a bushel of barley and two bushels of oats. Nicolaus Sunde rented seven hooves of rye and oats. Nicolaus Bartholomäus, citizen of Berlin and an NN. Bartholomäus, citizen of Mittelwalde obtained the lease of 16 Hufen. The Berlin citizen Helsuwer had the remaining leases in rye and oats. Nicolaus Sunde had the interest of 22 Hufen, Helmsuwer had the remaining interest. The latter also related to the importance of the hooves. Each farm owner had to hand over a chicken and five eggs to the leaseholders. The jug was already given up; he gave 6 shillings beforehand. Those named received a shock of eggs from a jug on the other side of the Dahme, probably in Niederlehme. There were eight farms in the village that had to give an almond to a chicken and a shilling. Helmsuwer had the car service, the higher court and the patronage over the church. We learn from a later added note that Helmsuwer had sold his share in Hoherlöhme to Sifrid von Schlieben, who later sold it to Titzmann von Neuendorf. The hoof rent was very low compared to other villages and was attributed to the comparatively poor soil by Fidicin. The vineyard west of the town center suggests that wine was grown during the Middle Ages. There are no historical reports about it.

In 1450 the place was 36 Hufen. The pastor was still entitled to eight hooves; likewise all ten hooves were occupied. According to the lap register of 1451 (lap = tax), the place belonged again to the Slyben (von Schlieben). There were only 36 hooves left on the field, of which the pastor had 8 hooves. However, only ten of the farmer's hooves were still cultivated. Each hoof gave 3 bushels of rye, 3 bushels of oats and three groschen. The Kossaten had to pay 7½ shillings. According to the lap register of 1451, the village only had to give half a lap. In 1480 only four hooves were still being managed. The others lay desolate. It has not yet been possible to clarify whether the decrease in peasant hooves can be explained by the establishment of a knight's seat with rededication of peasant hooves in knight's hooves.

In 1472, the elector and margrave Albrecht of Brandenburg enfeoffed the von Schlieben with Wendisch Wusterhausen (= Königs Wusterhausen) and German Wusterhausen , Schenkendorf and Hoherlehme as well as with income in Großmachnow . In 1480 four of 36 hooves were occupied. In the next decades Hoherlehme fell completely desolate.

By 1542, Hoherlehme came into the possession of the taverns from Landsberg auf Teupitz. On March 20, 1542, Elector Joachim II enfeoffed the taverns of Landsberg zu Teupitz , Groß Leuthen and (Königs) Wusterhausen by means of a joint loan with Wendisch Wusterhausen (= Königs Wusterhausen), Senzig , Zeesen , Schenkendorf, the desert villages Deutsch Wusterhausen and Hoherlehme and the desert field mark of Gersdorf. The taverns from Landsberg zu Teupitz received further letters of the same name in 1562, 1572, 1598, 1600, 1609, 1612 and 1644. Zeesen was sold or pledged to Christian Otto von Thümen on Gallun in 1626 and withdrew from the Wusterhausen estates. From 1527 it was reported that the "village was probably never completely desolate".

However, other people also had smaller shares in the village of Hoherlehme, for example, until 1430 Hans Schmidt, who paid for seven Hufen and two desolate farms, and from 1430 (until 1461) the Berlin citizen Nabel. After 1461 these shares came to the master armor Dictus Lettin. And around 1536 they were owned by Michael Happe von Happberg zu Trechwitz , who finally sold them to the von Landsberg taverns before 1542.

In 1624 five farmers, a shepherd and a blacksmith lived in Hoherlehme. The field mark had 23 farmer's hooves. We are not informed about the fate of the village during the Thirty Years War, but in 1652 four of the five farm estates were occupied (again). In October 1669 Christian Schenk von Landsberg had to sell the Wusterhausen goods (Königs Wusterhausen, Hoherlehme, Neue Mühle , Senzig and Zernsdorf ) to the Brandenburg secret councilor and envoy Freiherr Friedrich von Jena .

In 1683, the then electoral prince and later King Friedrich I acquired the rule of Wusterhausen from Friedrich von Jena and formed from it what was later known as the office of Königs Wusterhausen . On the Feldmark, an administrative work consisting of 20 Hufen was set up. Unfortunately, there is no information about when and how this Vorwerk was formed. In 1711 the place had a total of six gables (residential houses), five farmers and a shepherd. In 1745 two cottages had settled next to the farmers. In 1771 the six gables are mentioned again. In addition to the shepherd, there was now also a shepherd as well as the foreman, the middle farmhand and the small farmhand. There were 23 farmer's hooves on the Feldmark. Friedrich Wilhelm Bratring describes Hoherlehme as follows: the village and the administrative district, 5 whole farmers, 3 half farmers, 2 Büdner and 13 fire places. He gives 23 farmer's hooves and a further 20 hooves for the official work. In 1812 the Vorwerk in Hoherlehme was given a long lease. The first school was built in Hoherlehme as early as 1813. In 1840 only 12 houses were registered in Hoherlehme.

In 1858 there were seven farm owners and one tenant with a total of 19 servants and maids as well as six day laborers, five part-time farmers with four servants and maids and 28 workers and one person who was referred to as servants. Of the 17 properties, one was over 600 acres, 10 were between 30 and 300 acres, 5 were owned by 5 to 30 acres, and one was under 5 acres. A journeyman carpenter and an apprentice bricklayer lived in the village. Four people were retired and four people are referred to as poor . A tenant tenant with six servants and maids, ten day laborers and six servants belonged to the manor district. The estate was 687 acres in size.

In 1861 there were two residential buildings and four farm buildings in the manor district; the manor district had 37 inhabitants. The estate had a size of 4 acres of homesteads, 3 acres of garden land, 526 acres of arable land, 58 acres of meadow, 3 acres of peat and 100 acres of forest, a total of 694 acres. 7 horses, 15 cattle and 300 sheep were kept on the estate. The residential areas Neue Ziegelei and Gut Wildau, which was originally called Springziegelei and had been renamed Wildau in 1855, belonged to the rural community or to the municipality. The rural community had 30 acres of homesteads, 2 acres of garden land, 1,799 acres of arable land, 214 acres of meadow, 74 acres of pasture, 25 acres of peat, and 248 acres of forest, totaling 2,392 acres. In the village there was a public building, 25 residential buildings and 27 farm buildings, including a brick factory. The village center had 152 inhabitants. In the Neue Ziegelei residential area there were three residential buildings and seven farm buildings, including the brick factory. The living space had 12 residents. The Gut Wildau residential area, formerly Springziegelei, consisted of two residential buildings and four farm buildings; there is no longer any brickwork noted here, it must have died before that. The population was 16.

Hoherlehme on the original table sheet 3647 Zeuthen from 1839

In 1871, the two residential areas Colonie Neue Ziegelei and Gut Wildau , which formed the rural community and again the manor district, were eliminated in addition to the core town . At that time the village consisted of 21 houses and 175 inhabitants. In the Neue Ziegelei colony there were 6 houses with 41 residents. The Wildau estate consisted of two houses and had 15 residents. The manor district had three houses with 52 residents. Around 1900 there were already 25 houses in the town center.

Hoherlehme on the measuring table sheet 3647 Zeuthen from 1869

In 1886 Hugo Blank's chemical factory was built on the Dahme. In 1889 Hugo Blank had an acetic acid factory built on the factory site. In 1890 the factory for gunpowder and nitrocellulose of the first lieutenant a. D. Max von Förster (Berlin) in Wildau. Large shooting ranges were set up on the Galgenberg. In 1892 there was a major explosion in a cartridge house. In 1892/93 the factory was opened by Dr. Scarlet fever taken over. In 1913 a sulfuric acid factory was built in Hoherlehme. The industrial plants were located on an area that is no longer part of the Hoherlehme municipality today.

Population development from 1734 to 1910 (or 1925 = Wildau)
Year 1734 1772 1801 1817 1840 1858 1875 1890 1910 (1925)
Residents 77 77 75 125 100 217 290 311 (2865)

Tenant of the Vorwerk

  • 1885 not listed
  • 1896, 1903, 1910 Schmidt, Oberamtmann
  • 1914 Schmidtsche Erben, E. Gehrke inspector
  • 1921 German arms and ammunition factories
  • 1929 Berlin-Karlsruhe industrial works, administrator B. Badge

Communal affiliation

At the end of the Middle Ages and the early early days, Hoherlehme belonged to Herr Schaft Wusterhausen of the von Schlieben family, and from around 1542 to the noble Schenk von Landsberg family. After the electoral prince and later King Friedrich I acquired the rule of Wusterhausen, the rule was attached to the Teltowic district . In the district reform of 1816/17, Hoherlehme became part of the Teltow-Storkow district, and after the dissolution of this district in 1835 it became the Teltow district again . The district of Teltow existed with major border changes in the north until 1952. In the district and district reform of 1952 in the former GDR, it was dissolved and Hoherlehme or Wildau with its district Hoherlehme now came to one of the subsequent districts, the Königs Wusterhausen district in the district Potsdam . In the district reform of 1993 in the state of Brandenburg, the district of Königs Wusterhausen in the district of Dahme-Spreewald went on.

The rulership of Wusterhausen, acquired in 1684 by then elector Friedrich, became the nucleus of the later rule of King Wusterhausen , which later belonged to the direct property of the Prussian king or the royal family, i.e. was not owned by the sovereign. The income from the rulership was used by the Crown Prince or the prince who was born after him to earn a living according to his status. Friedrich I. enlarged the rule of Wusterhausen considerably through further acquisitions. The administration of the rule was divided into several offices. The original rule of Wusterhausen also became the nucleus of the Königs Wusterhausen office, which existed until 1872. From the middle of the 19th century the rural community of Hoherlehme existed next to the manor district of Hoherlehme. In 1855, the Acker-Gut Spring-Ziegelei was given the official name Wildau, which was located on the Hoherlehme field mark and belonging to the Hoherlehme estate. In the district reform of 1874, the offices were dissolved and various administrative tasks were transferred to the districts or the newly established administrative districts. Rural community and manor district Hoherlehme came to the district 18 Deutsch Wusterhausen of the district Teltow. The head of the office was then rent master A. Brückert in Königs Wusterhausen. In 1875 the three parts of the former Vorwerk Hoherlehme Neue Ziegelei, Wildau and Gut Hoherlehme were incorporated into the rural community and the manor district dissolved. With the construction of the Schwarzkopf settlement and the further expansion of industry in the area between the Dorfaue Hoherlehme and the Dahme, the focus shifted away from the Dorfaue. In 1922, Hoherlehme was renamed the Wildau community. The original place or the immediate vicinity of the Dorfau has now become the place of residence of Hoherlehme. In 1957 and 1973 Hoherlehme was part of the Wildau community. In 2013 Wildau was granted city rights. Today Hoherlehme only has the local political status of a part of the municipality without its own local political representation.

Church history

Hoherlehme was originally a church location, as shown by the parish hooves listed in the land register from 1375. In 1527/29 Hoherlehme was a daughter church of Königs Wusterhausen. At that time the patron was Wilhelm Schenk von Landsberg. Even if the place was near or perhaps completely uninhabited at that time, this assignment was important, because parts of the field were cultivated and the tithe was now due to the pastor in Königs Wusterhausen. The church in Hoherlehm subsequently fell apart completely and was finally torn down around 1690. According to Pastor Fritz Schumann (1898 to 1935), quoted from Hans Henschel, the church was in the acute angle between Goethebahn and Chausseestrasse. After the church was demolished, the churchyard continued to serve as a burial place. The parish now had to go to Königs Wusterhausen to worship. In 1911 the Friedenskirche in Wildau was inaugurated. It was designed by Georg Büttner .

Cemetery portal of the forest cemetery Hoherlehme

Population development

Population development in Hoherlehme from 1734 to 1925
year 1734 1722 1801 1817 1840 1858 1925 1939
Residents 77 77 75 125 100 Village: 152 excluding Neue Ziegelei and Wildau, Gut: 37 380 354

Monuments and sights

Reference is made here to the lists of soil and architectural monuments of the city of Wildau. There is only one monument in the immediate vicinity of the village meadow Hoherlehme: the cemetery chapel and the cemetery portal of the forest cemetery Hoherlehme on the street Am Friedhof. There is also the final resting place of 44 forced laborers who had to work in the industrial plants in Wildau during the Second World War and who died during this time. 60 victims of the 1972 plane disaster when an Interflug IL 62 crashed near Königs Wusterhausen are also buried in the cemetery.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book part 3 The place names of the Teltow. 368 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972, p. 120/21.
  2. ↑ a b Lieselott Enders and Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IV. Teltow. 395 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976, p. 152/54.
  3. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: Dahme-Spreewald district (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum
  4. ↑ Johannes Schultze : The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375. Brandenburg land books volume 2. Commission publishing house by Gsellius, Berlin 1940.
  5. ↑ Ernst Fidicin: History of the Teltow district and the cities, manors, villages, etc. Berlin, 1857, p. 91/92.
  6. ↑ Ewald Friedrich von Herzberg: Register of the Lantschoss that we Henrick Schullenholtz Ulrich Kuchemeyster Petrus Pletz calculated by our gracious Lord for Margreve Fridrich der Alde von Brandenborch and have received from the orden, 1451, pp. 301–356, here oak p. 342 (Online at Google Books).
  7. ↑ Ernst Fidicin: The territories of the Mark Brandenburg: or history of the individual districts, cities, manors, foundations and villages in the same, as a continuation of the land book of Emperor Charles IV. The lap registers of the Central Markian districts from the districts from 1450, 1451 , 1480 and 1481. pp. 255–336, Berlin, Verlag von J. Guttentag, 1856 Online at Google Books (here Hoherlehme p. 268)
  8. ↑ a b Willy Spatz: The Teltow 3rd part history of the localities of the Teltow district. Printed by and published by Robert Rohde, Berlin 1912, p. 113/14.
  9. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Elector Albrecht, Margrave of Brandenburg, enfeoffs the von Schlieben with Wendisch and German Wusterhausen, Schenkendorf and Hoherlehme and income in Großmachnow. 1472 October 19.
  10. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Elector Joachim [II. , Margrave of Brandenburg, enfeoffs the taverns of Landsberg zu Teupitz, [Groß] Leuthen and Wusterhausen with Wendisch Wusterhausen, Senzig, Zeesen, Schenkendorf, the desolate villages Deutsch Wusterhausen and Hoherlehme and the desolate Feldmark Gersdorf. 1542 March 20.]
  11. ↑ Rudolf Biedermann: History of the Teupitz rule and their master family, the Schenken v. Landsberg. Inaugural dissertation of the Philosophical Faculty of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Berlin, printer and publishing house Hans Kretschmer, Görlitz-Biesnitz, 1933, p. 65.
  12. ^ Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring: Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Second volume. Containing the Mittelmark and Ukermark. VIII, 583 p., Berlin, Maurer, 1805 Online at Google Books , p. 365.
  13. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: establishment of the school and employment of teachers in Hoherlehme (later Wildau). 1813.
  14. ↑ Richard Boeckh: Local statistics of the government district Potsdam with the city of Berlin. 276 p., Verlag von Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, 1861 Online at Google Books , p. 102/04.
  15. ↑ a b The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. According to the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. II. Province of Brandenburg. Verlag der Königliche Statistischen Bureaus (Dr. Engel), Berlin 1873. Online at Google Books , p. 40/41 (municipality), p. 46/47 (manor district).
  16. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Explosion of a cartridge house in the dynamite factory of M. v. Forester zu Hoherlehme, district of Teltow. 1892.
  17. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.3 District Dahme-Spreewald PDF
  18. ↑ Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 3rd improved edition, 310 p., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1896, p. 256/57 (here written Kokerlehme)
  19. ^ Ernst Kirstein (editor): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. 4th improved edition, LXX + 321 p., + 4 p., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1903, p. 256/57.
  20. ↑ Reinhold Reichert, Royal Authorities and Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Brandenburg (Ed.): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. Brandenburg Province. 5th completely revised edition. I-LXXXVI (1-86), 376 p., + 24 p. (Location register), Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin, 1910 (p. 346/47)
  21. ^ Ernst Seyfert (ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province with details of the property properties, the net income from property tax, the total area and area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators of the Post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and administrative districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons, the manual of the royal authorities as well a map of the province of Brandenburg at a scale of 1: 1,000,000. XLV, 433 S., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1914.
  22. ↑ R. Stricker, with the participation of the authorities and chambers of agriculture (ed.): Handbuch des Grundbesitzes im Deutschen Reiche. Brandenburg Province. Complete address book of all manors, estates and larger farms with details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, as well as the telephone connections, the property property, the property tax net income, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, livestock exploitation, animal breeding and special crops, industrial facilities, courts and administrative districts, along with an alphabetical register of places and persons, an overview of the agricultural and structural conditions of the respective part of the country, a directory of the agricultural authorities and associations, cooperatives and industrial companies, as well as an exact map. 6th completely revised edition, 296 pages, Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1921.
  23. ↑ Ernst Seyfert, Hans Wehner, Alexander Haußknecht, Ludwig Hogrefe (eds.): Agricultural address book of the manors, estates and farms of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and farms from approx. 20 ha upwards with information on the property, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, the livestock, the company's own industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons , a directory of the most important government agencies and agencies, agricultural associations and corporations. 4th increased and improved edition, 464 p., Leipzig, Verlag von Niekammer's address books, Leipzig, 1929 (Niekammer's goods address books Volume VII)
  24. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin. / Item 48. of November 30, 1855, p. 438.
  25. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Government of Potsdam and the City of Berlin, supplement to the 9th issue of the Official Gazette of February 27, 1874, p. 3. Online at Google Books
  26. ↑ Teltower Kreisblatt of March 27, 1875, p. 1.
  27. ^ Service portal of the state administration of the state of Brandenburg: City of Wildau
  28. ↑ Hans Henschel: On the history of the Friedenskirche Wildau. PDF

Coordinates: 52 ° 19 ′  N , 13 ° 37 ′  E