Reign of Königs Wusterhausen

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The royal rule of Wusterhausen , called the rule of King Wusterhausen from the beginning of the 19th century , was a territory in the Mark Brandenburg that was directly owned by the Prussian king or the royal family. The construction of the royal rule began in 1683 with the acquisition of the noble rule Wusterhausen ; The rule reached its greatest extent around 1740. The income from the rulership was used to enable the crown prince or subsequent prince to earn a living in line with their status. 1733 rule Wusterhausen by then-King Frederick William I. was in his will to a Familienfideikommiss determined. The rule of Königs Wusterhausen was divided into two Markbrandenburg districts around 1800, the Teltow district and the Beeskow-Storkow district . Today, the former rulership is divided into the districts of Teltow-Fläming , Dahme-Spreewald and Oder-Spree in the state of Brandenburg .

Königs Wusterhausen Castle

history

The rule of (King) Wusterhausen or its offices were initially no ordinary state domains, but so-called casket goods , the proceeds of which went directly to the electoral or royal family (from 1701) and their court. The rule of (King) Wusterhausen was thus regarded as an allodium , that is, personal property of the electoral or royal family. The proceeds of the rule were mostly used to support the Prussian princes. After Friedrich Wilhelm I came to power in 1713, the caskets were also declared state domains or the previously made differences between domain and casket offices were abolished. In the will of Friedrich Wilhelm I of 1733, however, the goods that were to belong to the actual property of the electoral Brandenburg or royal Prussian house, including the rule of Wusterhausen, were specified in more detail. At that time it was intended for the proper care of the later-born Prince August Wilhelm. He determined the rule of (King) Wusterhausen to be a family fideikommiss.

In the manual on the royal Prussian court and state , the rule is called the rule of Wusterhausen until 1804, and from the manual of 1818 the rule of king Wusterhausen. But Friedrich Wilhelm Bratring already used the term Königs Wusterhausen or Wendisch-Wusterhausen in his statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg from 1805 . A very early use of the name Königs Wusterhausen can also be found in Anton Friedrich Büsching's Reliable Contributions to the government history of King Friedrich II of Prussia from 1790.

The acquisition history at a glance

In 1683 the then electoral prince Friedrich (from 1688 elector Friedrich III. And from 1701 as Friedrich I king in Prussia) began to build up his own rule by purchasing the noble rule of Wusterhausen from the heirs of the secret councilor of state Friedrich von Jena , who died in 1682 . In 1687 he acquired Deutsch Wusterhausen from Friedrich Wilhelm Gans Edler Herr zu Putlitz and in 1699 Zeesen from the Brandenburg Minister and Prussian President Eberhard von Danckelman . In 1688 he was named Friedrich III. Elector of Brandenburg, in 1701 he crowned himself as Friedrich I king in Prussia.

In 1698, Friedrich III., At that time still as Elector of Brandenburg, gave the Wusterhausen estates to Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and later King Friedrich Wilhelm I. The latter expanded the rule through acquisitions. Most of the acquisitions for the rule Wusterhausen were made by Friedrich Wilhelm I; with his death in 1740 the acquisitions of the rule ceased essentially. For the acquisition of goods the rule Wusterhausen were in summa one million dollars spent almost.

The administration of the rule (king) Wusterhausen

The first estates bought by Prince Elector Friedrich were administered by the Office of Köpenick , later by special chamber councils, who from 1729 had their seat in Königs Wusterhausen. In 1737, the Prince General Chamber was formed in Wusterhausen . Separate chambers were formed in 1764 and 1769 to administer the assets of Princes Heinrich and Ferdinand. From 1786 the administrative authority was called the Royal Prussian Domain Chamber in Wusterhausen or Domain Chamber in Wusterhausen. Until 1799, the domain chamber of Wusterhausen was led by three chamber councilors, to which a rent master and a building inspector were assigned. From 1800 the President of the Kurmärkischen War and Domain Chamber was also the President of the Domain Chamber in Wusterhausen, to which the three Chamber Councilors, a rent master and a building inspector were subordinate. The judicial affairs of the 14 offices were handled by two judicial officers, one of whom lived in Königs Wusterhausen, the other in Märkisch Buchholz. In 1809, King Friedrich Wilhelm III united the Domain Chamber in Wusterhausen with the government in Potsdam that was newly formed from the Kurmärkischen War and Domain Chamber. The government in Potsdam treated the rule of Königs Wusterhausen and its offices like state domains. Around 1810 one office was completely dissolved, four offices were administered jointly, so another three offices were de facto dissolved. In 1810, numerous farms were also sold on long leases, as Prussia needed money to pay off war debts and reparations. Around this time, the offices were also converted into pure rent offices, that is, the private economy on the farms was given up and the bailiff only withdrew the money and property pensions. From 1844 the administration of the offices of the rule of Königs Wusterhausen took place as house fideikommiss possession by the court chamber of the royal family estates formed in 1843 . It emerged from the domain chamber of the Prince (August) of Prussia, who died in 1843 without any descendants. This court chamber of the royal family estates existed until 1945. In the 20th century it mainly managed larger forests and some larger agricultural goods (e.g. in Groß Eichholz and Trebatsch ).

The owners of the dominion (king) Wusterhausen

The first owner of the rule was Prince Elector Friedrich, who later became King in Prussia, Friedrich I. At that time the rule was still very modest, which roughly corresponded to the later office of King Wusterhausen. In 1698, Friedrich III. his son Friedrich Wilhelm I. the Wusterhausen estates.

In his will of 1733 King Friedrich Wilhelm I determined that his three subsequent sons, Princes August Wilhelm, Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig and August Ferdinand each received 200,000 thalers in capital, which should either be lent securely or used for the purchase of goods that the princes could lead a befitting lifestyle from the resulting interest and income. He further determined that the capital or the goods purchased from it were inalienable and non-attachable. They should also remain a permanent entail of the royal family. If one of the three princes dies without a male heir, his capital or the goods purchased from it should be divided between the two surviving princes. Should one of these die without a physical heir, the last surviving prince should receive the 600,000 exposed thalers alone, and should the last of the princes die without physical heirs, the capital of 600,000 thalers exposed to the three princes or the goods purchased from them should be returned to the royal family Family fall. So Prince was August Wilhelm rule Wusterhausen (later called rule of King Wusterhausen), Prince Friedrich Heinrich Ludwig ( Heinrich ) that the Duchy of Magdeburg located office Niegripp and Prince August Ferdinand in the Mansfeld county located the Duchy of Magdeburg royal offices Gerbstedt , Bennstedt , Großörner , Hedersleben , Schraplau . Prince August Wilhelm ruled Wusterhausen until his untimely death in 1758.

After that, he was succeeded by his son Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of the 1786 Friedrich Wilhelm II. Ascended the Prussian throne as Frederick II. , The Great had no descendants. Then the rule of Wusterhausen came together to his two uncles Heinrich and August Ferdinand until 1788. After that, Friedrich Wilhelm II took over the rule himself in return for an annual pension of 50,000 thalers in total to his two uncles. Prince Heinrich died in 1802 and August Ferdinand now also received his deceased brother's share. August Ferdinand also owned the Rheinsberg rule . August Ferdinand died in 1813 and his property passed to his son Prince August , who died in 1843 without heirs. In 1843 both the Rheinsberg rule and the pension of 50,000 thalers from the Königs Wusterhausen rule fell back to the ruling line of the Hohenzollern.

Administrative division of the rule

With the increased purchase of goods under Friedrich Wilhelm I, an effective management of the goods became necessary. For this purpose, offices of different sizes were created, which were administered by a bailiff. The outworks were initially managed directly by these officials. Later the works were mostly leased or sold on a long lease. Before 1810, the rule of Königs Wusterhausen consisted of the following 14 offices:

  • Office Blossin . The office Blossin was created in 1729 with the acquisition of the village of Blossin. After the Vorwerke had been sold, it was converted into a rent office from 1810 , i. H. the bailiff no longer operated his own business, but only withdrew the pensions in the official area. In 1829 the Blossin office was dissolved and its tasks assigned to the Königs Wusterhausen office.
  • Buchholz Office . The Buchholz office was created in 1717 with the acquisition of the Buchholz rule . In 1824 he was assigned the offices of Münchehofe and Teupitz.
  • Office of Gallun . The Gallun office was created in 1729 and merged with the Königs Wusterhausen office in 1810. The town register from 1818 still lists the Gallun office as an independent office.
  • Groß Machnow office . The office of Groß Machnow, also just called the office of Machnow, was formed in 1726. It was de facto dissolved in 1810; that it was run from this point in time together with the office of Königs Wusterhausen. The location directory from 1818 lists the Groß Machnow office as an independent office.
  • Office Kossenblatt . The Kossenblatt office was established in 1736 with the purchase of the small aristocratic Kossenblatt rule. Before 1818 the Kossenblatt office had been converted into a rent office. Around 1820 it was combined with the Trebatsch office and dissolved.
  • Krausnick Office . The Krausnick office was created in 1728. In 1814 the Krausnick office was converted into a rent office. In 1848 the official buildings were sold. The official seat was moved to Märkisch Buchholz and administered together with the Buchholz office.
  • Münchehofe office . The Münchehofe office was created in 1728. In 1814 the Vorwerke were sold and the office was converted into a rent office. From 1824 the Münchehofe office was administered together with the Buchholz office, and thus de facto dissolved.
  • Office Rotzis . The Rotzis office was created in 1729 with the acquisition of the Rotzis village. It was dissolved again around 1841.
  • Office Selchow . The Selchow office was created in 1740 and dissolved again in 1810 or initially administered together with the Königs Wusterhausen office.
  • Office diving . The Tauche office was created in 1735–37 and merged with the Trebatsch office in 1810.
  • Office Teupitz . The rule Teupitz was bought in 1717 and integrated into the rule (Königs) Wusterhausen as Amt Teupitz. It was merged with the Buchholz office around 1824.
  • Office Trebatsch . The small aristocracy of Trebatsch was bought in 1730.
  • Waltersdorf Office . The Waltersdorf office was formed in 1717/8 and dissolved in 1836.
  • Office of Königs Wusterhausen . The Wusterhausen Office, later called the Königs Wusterhausen Office, administered the goods that originally belonged to the old noble lordship of Wusterhausen. Office in 1850 it was also a rent office.

In 1810 four offices were de facto dissolved: Amt Gallun, Am Groß Machnow, Amt Selchow and Amt Tauche. According to the local register of the government district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, there were still 13 offices in 1818 (the office Tauche is no longer listed). The handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818 lists the offices of Gallun, Groß Machnow and Selchow together under the office of Königs Wusterhausen, which was administered by a rent official named Decker. In the manual of 1824 the offices of Gallun, Groß Machnow and Selchow are also mentioned under the office of Königs Wusterhausen. However, they are no longer mentioned in the 1832 handbook.

In 1844 there were only four offices left: Buchholz office, (Königs) Wusterhausen office, Krausnick office and Trebatsch office.

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Corporation, Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (overview of the holdings of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 , pp. 350–57.
  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Second volume. 650 p., Printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855. Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Berghaus, Landbuch 2 with corresponding page number)
  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Third volume. XCV S. + 783 S., printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg, 1856. Online at Google Books (hereinafter abbreviated to Berghaus, Landbuch 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Lieselott Enders, Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IV. Teltow. 395 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor Weimar, 1976.
  • Ortschafts = directory of the government = district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, with a note of the district to which the place previously belonged, the quality, number of souls, confession, ecclesiastical conditions, owner and address together with an alphabetical register. Berlin, Georg Decker Online at Google Books .
  • Francesko Rocca: History and administration of the royal family property: according to the files and documents of the Kgl. Court Chamber in Charlottenburg compiled. Rohde, Berlin 1913–1914
  • Joachim Schölzel: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Part IX Beeskow-Storkow. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1989, ISBN 3-7400-0104-6 .
  • Berthold Schulze: Property and settlement history statistics of the Brandenburg authorities and cities 1540-1800. Supplement to the Brandenburg office map. Individual writings of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin, Volume 7, 190 pp., Im Kommissionsverlag von Gsellius, Berlin, 1935.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1808. 528 p., With an appendix of 125 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1804 Online at Google Books (p. 72)
  2. ↑ a b Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1818. 459 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1818 (p. 188)
  3. ↑ Anton Friedrich Büsching: Reliable contributions to the government history of King Friedrich II of Prussia: primarily with regard to the crowd, trade, finances and the army. With a historical appendix. 426 + 40 S., Hamburg, Bohn, 1790 Online at Google Books
  4. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch 2, p. 592 Online at Google Books .
  5. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1799. 454 p., Berlin, George Decker, 1799 Online at Google Books (p. 57)
  6. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1800. 459 p., Plus an appendix with 106 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1800 (p. 65)
  7. ↑ Ortschafts = directory of the government = district of Potsdam according to the latest district division from 1817, with a note of the district to which the place previously belonged, the quality, number of people, confession, ecclesiastical circumstances, owner and address, along with an alphabetical register. Berlin, Georg Decker Online at Google Books .
  8. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1824. 498 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1824 Online at Google Books (p. 183)
  9. ↑ Handbook on the royal Prussian court and state for the year 1832. 538 p., Berlin, Georg Decker, 1832 (p. 242)

Coordinates: 52 ° 18 '  N , 13 ° 38'  E