Miersdorf
Miersdorf is a district of the municipality of Zeuthen in the Dahme-Spreewald district in Brandenburg , in the southeast of the agglomeration of Berlin .
Geography, Transport and Administration
Miersdorf is located a few kilometers southeast of the Berlin city limits in the state of Brandenburg in a very water-rich flat land characterized by the Spree and Dahme , with numerous lakes in the area and the Miersdorfer See in town. South of the village, the 67 m high Galgenberg is the highest point.
In Prussian times , in the 19th and 20th centuries, the village belonged to the district of Teltow in the administrative district of Potsdam in the province of Brandenburg from 1815 to 1945 . With the district reforms in the GDR in 1952, Miersdorf came to the Königs Wusterhausen district in the Potsdam district , which was added to the Dahme-Spreewald district in the Brandenburg district reform in 1993 .
State road 402 and county road 6160 run through the village center; to the west of the outskirts, the L400 runs in a north-south direction. For thirty years there was a stop of the same name on the Berlin – Görlitz railway line in the community at Hankels Ablage , until it was moved to Zeuthen in 1897 on the Berlin suburban tracks . The stop has been part of the Berlin S-Bahn network since the 1920s and will be served by lines 8 and 46 in 2018.
History and etymology
14th to 16th century
The name Miersdorf is interpreted as a Slavic-German hybrid form with a Slavic prefix and a German stem in the sense of Friedensdorf . The village of Mireenstorpp , Mirenstorp , Myrenstorp , Mirenstorff is mentioned for the first time in 1375 in the land register of Emperor Charles IV as a parish village with several affiliated church towns . In that year, according to the land book, the Berlin provost Apetzko von Ty Menge owned together with a Heinrich von Buden most of the villages Miersdorf, Schmöckwitz and Zeuthen in the Teltowischer Kreis. It was 40 hooves , of which the pastor was entitled to four hooves. There was also a mill and a jug . The provost and the Buden family owned 22 hooves together. Further owners were the citizen C. Sünde from Berlin for rent and interest of eight Hufen as an afterfief of Mr. von Buden and Mrs. Gütergotz in Spandau for rent and interest of four Hufen. In the following decades the owners changed frequently. From 1379 to 1384 it was the von Vroburg and von Neuendorf family, and from 1384 to 1426 the citizens of Borswitz zu Berlin took over the village. It was not until the Enderlein family in 1440 that Konstanz came into ownership. In addition to the town, they received the upper and lower courts, church patronage (1426) and the right to cut wood in the Great Heath at Köpenick (1449). As early as 1444 they received the right from the elector to build a weir in the Spree "in front of the Seechen between the Miersdorfschen Werder and the Miersdorfschen Felde". In 1450 the village was still 40 hooves in size, but the four parish hooves were described as desolate . The "gentlemen" (= Enderleins) managed 17 hooves and received interest for another 19 hooves; there was a Kötterhof.
17th and 18th centuries
In 1608 there were two knights' seats in the village, one of which was in the seat of the rich in Metzelthin in the 17th century, who also owned half the village of Miersdorf (1634). Before the Thirty Years' War there were six hoofers , three kötter and a groom. There was still no own forge; if necessary, a blacksmith came to the place. Two farms had already been approved by the Enderleins in 1619. In 1652, six Kötter survived the war with two sons and a farmhand. In the meantime, Miersdorf had been handed over to Ms. Fuhrmann von Köppen for resale, after which it fell back to von Enderleins. Like the Mark Brandenburg as a whole, the Dahme and Spree area joined the Reformation and is a member of the Evangelical Church District Neukölln.
In 1711 there were seven gables (= residential houses), a blacksmith, a shepherd, a shepherd, a servant and a boy. They gave four groschen to each 16 hooves. Two years later, a private windmill appeared for the first time. In 1719 Miersdorf came under the rule of King Wusterhausen through royal purchase and was looked after by the Office of Waltersdorf and the Office of King Wusterhausen .
19th century
In 1801, a Vorwerk Wüstemark was built next to the village . Including what was then still called Gersdorf, there were 21 residential buildings. Seven farm owners lived there with 22 servants and maids and ten day laborers. There were 26 workers and eleven estates. Seven of them were together 1,125 acres, another eleven acres and three possessions came together also on eleven acres. In the meantime, some trades had also settled. There was a journeyman bricklayer, a master blacksmith, a fisherman, and two innkeepers - but also two poor people. In 1817 the place was again elevated to the status of a parish and the village church, built in the 14th or 15th century, was again elevated to a parish church, which in the meantime was only a branch church ( filia ) in the parish of Waltersdorf . From then on, the churches in Zeuthen and Schmöckwitz were branch churches of the Miersdorf parish
The village also included the Wüstemark / Gersdorf colony as well as Hankels Ablage and Werder , which Friedrich Hankel had built after 1789 on a leasehold property as a deposit for wood and stones on the bank. His descendant, August Hankel, succeeded in ensuring that the Berlin – Görlitz railway line, which opened in 1866, was given a stop by Hankels filing . The filing was not only important economically for the village, but also culturally, as Theodor Fontane completed his work Irrungen, Wirrungen there as a guest . In 1860 there were two public, 20 residential and 31 farm buildings in the village (excluding Wüstemark), including a brick factory and a flour mill. From the establishment of the empire in 1870/1871 , Miersdorf, like numerous other places near Berlin, was discovered and developed as a leisure residence by wealthy capital city residents. During the Weimar period , thanks to low land prices, many ordinary Berliners were also able to build a modest summer arbor in the municipality, which they later converted into small homes.
20th century
In 1900 there were 38 houses in the village; In 1931 there were already 106 houses. At that time in 1927 Mierdorf consisted of the village with the settlements Heideberg and Miersdorfer Werder. In 1929 around 300 hectares of the Königs Wusterhausener Forst estate were incorporated into the Wüstemark Forestry House. In 1932 there was the community with the residential areas Hankelsablage, Heideberg, Miersdorfer Werder, Waldiydll, Wüstemark and Forsthaus Wüstemark. In the early 20th century, as in general in the Berlin area, there was a significant increase in the population of the community from 500 inhabitants in 1900 to 1200 (1931) to 4258 inhabitants in 1939. During this period of deceptive prosperity, the new Miersdorf town hall was built in 1937. In contrast to the more affluent neighboring town of Zeuthen, Miersdorf was considered “red” , which proved itself at the end of the war in the disarming of the local Volkssturm by some men of the village and led to a harmless handover.
At the end of the war, many refugees from the eastern regions came to Miersdorf; the spacious villas of the empire, but also the simple single-family houses of the Weimar period, were divided into many small apartments. 216 hectares of land were expropriated from the Prussian State Forest and 133 were divided up. Four farms received a total of 45 hectares, one farm 63 hectares and three old farmers were increased to 25 hectares.
A French prisoner-of-war camp briefly existed on the Miersdorf estate. The Soviet commander responsible for Miersdorf sat in Wildau as the head of the local administration of the SMAD ( Soviet Military Administration ), to which the local mayor was responsible. Two years after the end of the war, the military administration had the Soviet Cemetery of Honor built, which in 1974/1975 was redesigned to house the graves of 449 Red Army soldiers who were killed in the Battle of Berlin . The 234 dead, identified by name, are recorded on a memorial in the central open space of the town by the town hall.
In the post-war period , Miersdorf was initially part of the Soviet Occupation Zone (SBZ) and from 1949 to 1990 it belonged to the GDR . The local LPG type I , founded in 1955, cultivated the barren soil with three members and 24 hectares of agricultural land, mainly with asparagus and strawberry fields. After the merger of Miersdorf and Zeuthen in 1957 to form the municipality of the same name, an ENT clinic moved into the redundant town hall , which remained in operation until 1990. In 1957 the LPG merged to form LPG Zeuthen-Miersdorf.
Since there was not enough adequate living space in the capital of the centrally organized GDR for the cadres from politics, administration, science and culture who were brought in, many moved to the surrounding area of Berlin, including Miersdorf and Zeuthen.
Institute Miersdorf
During the Nazi and war times , the foundation stone was laid for a tradition that is still significant today as a location for high-energy physics . As part of the uranium project , the Reich Ministry of Mail began building a cyclotron and an isotope separation plant in Miersdorf in 1941 . The facility, completed in 1943, was not used due to some delays, a bomb attack and the further course of the war. Building on the remains of the research center of the Deutsche Reichspost, nuclear research on site was initially continued by the Miersdorf Institute of the German Academy of Sciences Berlin (DAW) founded by Claus Grote in 1950 , renamed the Nuclear Physics Institute of the DAW Zeuthen in 1956 . Even after the German reunification in 1990, the research tradition was continued at the location where the German Electron Synchrotron DESY in the Helmholtz Association , with which the DAW institution had already cooperated for decades in GDR times, took over the institute in 1992 and renamed it DESY Zeuthen to the second DESY location.
Sights and club life
The late Gothic village church of Miersdorf was built as a rectangular stone church in the 14th or 15th century; In 1710 it was completely renovated, rebuilt in the 19th century and the church tower increased. It is one of the oldest stone churches on the Teltow . The cemetery currently in use by the community is a bit away from the church, while the original cemetery , which was enclosed around the church, was closed in 1860.
In addition to the church, the town center is characterized by the town hall built in 1937 and the adjoining Soviet military cemetery with a memorial (see history section). The fourth monument on the former municipal area is a Prussian milestone that continues to indicate the distance to Berlin as three miles on the edge of Landesstraße 400 .
There is also a small museum, the Heimatstube Zeuthen / Miersdorf , a primary school and an outdoor swimming pool at Miersdorfer See.
Miersdorf is home to a number of clubs, the most famous being the sports and football club SC Eintracht Miersdorf / Zeuthen 1912 . The men's team played in the sixth class Brandenburg league from 2012 to 2018 . There is also, among other things, a local fire brigade of the volunteer fire brigade including a support association and a fishing club.
The Flutgrabenaue Waltersdorf nature reserve connects to the northwest of Miersdorf .
Personalities
Connected to the village
- Karl Vierath (1884–1951), Reichstag member of the KPD , died in town
- Bernhard Langer (1901–1979), survivor of the Nazi terror against homosexual men, camp doctor, settled in Miersdorf as a family doctor after 1945
- Margot Pfannstiel (1926–1993), journalist and author in the GDR, worked in local government from 1945 to 1948
- Ulrich Prüfke (* 1940), soccer player, trainer from Eintracht Miersdorf / Zeuthen
Scientist at the Miersdorf Institute
- Gustav Richter (1911–1999), physicist, became institute director in 1956
- Fritz Bernhard (1913–1993), physicist, 1955 to 1961 deputy institute director
- Claus Grote (* 1927), physicist, founded the Miersdorf Institute in 1950
- Karl Lanius (1927–2010), physicist, long-time employee at the Miersdorf Institute
See also
- List of architectural monuments in Miersdorf
- List of places in the Berlin area
- List of places in the district of Dahme-Spreewald
literature
- Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.
Web links
- HG Schrader: History of Zeuthen on the community HP zeuthen.de, 1997
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b H.G. Schrader: History of Zeuthen on the community HP zeuthen.de, 1997
- ↑ Medieval village churches in Teltow: Miersdorf village church
Coordinates: 52 ° 20 ' N , 13 ° 37' E