Church cemetery

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The church cemetery in Kirchhorst at the St. Nikolai Church there

A church cemetery , also simply called a churchyard , is a cemetery that is directly adjacent to or even encloses a Christian church building. From the beginning of the 19th century in particular, church cemeteries were closed , especially in cities all over Europe, which were growing rapidly in the course of industrialization - often due to overcrowding. With the leveling of the abandoned church cemeteries in the inner cities , additional public space was created for the further development or new construction of streets or squares.

However, not every cemetery within 19th century European cities was a church cemetery. For example, the old St. Nikolai cemetery , which was laid out in the Middle Ages , with the Nikolaikapelle built on the site in the 13th century, was originally outside the historical city ​​fortifications of Hanover . In the course of industrialization in the 19th century, however, the green space was almost in the center of the city, which was growing disproportionately. Also, the cemetery was not leveled, but similar to the garden cemetery, which was only established in the 18th century as a communal , but still a church cemetery, abandoned and converted into a publicly accessible park .

Instead of the actual inner-city church cemeteries, numerous large-scale cemeteries, often designed by important architects in cooperation with garden and landscape architects , were created on the outskirts of the city, such as the Engesohde city cemetery .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Compare for example Kathrin Krogner-Kornalik : Death in the City. Religion, everyday life and festival culture in Krakow 1869 - 1914 (= Religious Cultures in Modern Europe , Vol. 5), at the same time slightly revised version of the dissertation 2013/2014 at the University of Munich, Göttingen; Bristol, Connecticut: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2015, ISBN 978-3-525-31026-7 and 3-525-31026-9, pp. 58, 60; Preview over google books
  2. ↑ a b Peter Schulze : Friedhöfe. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , pp. 193-196.
  3. ↑ a b c Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Nikolaifriedhof, (i) Alter St. Nikolai Friedhof. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 476
  4. ^ Waldemar R. Röhrbein: Nikolai Chapel. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 477
  5. ^ Klaus Mlynek : incorporations. In: Stadtlexikon Hannover , p. 153
  6. ^ Helmut Knocke , Hugo Thielen : Marienstraße. In: Hanover. Art and culture lexicon . Handbook and city guide , new edition, 4th, updated and expanded edition, Jump: zu Klampen, ISBN 978-3-934920-53-8 , pp. 167f.