Landscape architect

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Roof greening , a task of gardeners and roofers based on ideas and permits from urban planners, calculations by structural engineers and planting plans by landscape architects

Landscape architect is a job title for qualified engineers with a technical college or university degree in the field of garden and landscape architecture . At the various German universities, the terms land maintenance or landscape and open space planning are also used for the corresponding courses . In the meantime, there is also the possibility in Germany of graduate degrees such as Bachelor or Master of Landscape Architecture .

The designation "landscape architect" or "landscape architect" may only be used by registered members of the chambers of architects in Germany . The prerequisite for entry in the list of architects kept by the Chamber of Architects is - in addition to proof of a relevant university degree - depending on the federal state, two to three years of activity under the guidance of a landscape architect and proof of independently processed planning services. Up until a few years ago, it was still common to complete an apprenticeship as a gardener (usually in gardening and landscaping , tree nurseries or perennial growing ) instead of doing an internship , which is still recommended by professional practitioners today.

Landscape architects can be freelance , employed or civil servants in administrations or organizations. Freelance landscape architects are commissioned by public authorities, organizations, companies or private individuals.

history

The term garden architect first appeared in literature by Johann Georg Sulzer in 1778. In general, however, one spoke of the garden artist in the 18th and 19th centuries . Around 1900 the term garden architect (also horticultural architect ) replaced the term garden artist . At the same time, the term landscape architect came up, which goes back to the American landscape architect and the French architect-paysagiste . This name only became common after 1945.

From 1934 to 1945, the designation garden or landscape architect was banned in Germany and replaced by garden designer . The prerequisite for using the job title at this time was membership in the Association of German Garden Designers within the Reich Chamber of Fine Arts .

After 1950, chambers of architects were established as successor institutions in the individual West German federal states. According to the state laws on the establishment of chambers of architects, the professional title of garden and landscape architect is conferred by law and may only be used by members of the chambers of architects.

In the GDR, where there was no Chamber of Architects, only training in landscape architecture was decisive for practicing the profession and using the professional title of landscape architect.

Range of activities

The landscape architect deals with the design of the landscape or the open spaces inside and outside the cities, villages and communities. To this end, he creates various plans and accompanies their practical implementation, for example as a site manager. Thematically, the spectrum ranges from purely creative to ecological issues.

Conceptual specialist planning in the open space

Plan of the Glienicke park

Possible activities are urban green concepts, design and action concepts to meet urban problems and tasks in the course of the conversion of brownfield sites, shrinking processes, green supply and recreation concepts, tourism planning and the sustainable development of cities and communities.

Object planning

The object design area is on a larger scale than the specialist planning activities described above. Project planning includes preliminary drafts, drafts, approval and implementation planning, accompanying construction supervision, drawing up specifications for maintenance services to be carried out and specialist construction and maintenance advice to the client in the private, commercial and public sectors.

The tasks are varied according to the different scale levels and the different client structure. They range from garden advice for private gardens, public spaces, courtyard greening, the design of commercial areas, sports and playgrounds, to garden monument maintenance and renaturation in nature conservation areas . Landscape architects specialize in some areas, such as golf architects .

Land-use planning

Within the land use planning process landscape architects then among other landscape plans (LP), environmental impact assessments (EIA), landscape conservation plans (LBP) and open space plans (GOP). The latter are expert reports on green areas relating to the legally binding development plan (B-Plan), while landscape plans are integrated into land use plans in a binding or expert manner, or are developed in parallel, depending on the state regulations. All environmental aspects, including nature conservation, are part of this planning . Since the entry into force of the new Building Code in 2004, Section 2 No. 2 has required the creation of an environmental report in accordance with Appendix 1 of the Building Code. This environmental report is also drawn up by the landscape architect in conjunction with appropriate experts from the various disciplines. The aim here is to determine and evaluate the environmental impact of a planned development within the framework of the land-use planning.

Study opportunities

Germany

at universities

at technical colleges / universities:

Finland

France

Sweden

Switzerland

at technical colleges / universities:

Austria

Associations

The nationwide professional association is the Federation of German Landscape Architects (BDLA) in Germany , the Federation of Swiss Landscape Architects (BSLA) in Switzerland, and the Austrian Society for Landscape Planning and Landscape Architecture (ÖGLA) in Austria . The international umbrella organization is the International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA).

See also

literature

  • Dieter Hennebo: garden artist - garden architect - landscape architect: attempt to provide an overview of the development of the profession in Germany from its beginnings to the re-establishment of the BDGA in 1948 . In: Der Landschaftsarchitekt (1973), special issue, p. 16
  • Clemens Alexander Wimmer: "The garden and landscape architect in Germany from 1800," in: The architect: the past and present of a profession. Vol. 2, Munich 2012, pp. 745-751

Web links

  • Internet presence of the Association of German Landscape Architects
  • DGGL - German Society for Garden Art and Landscape Culture
  • Internet presence of the Federation of Swiss Landscape Architects
  • Website of the Austrian Society for Landscape Planning and Landscape Architecture
  • International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA) website
  • Website European Landscape Architecture Students Association (ELASA) (Engl.)
  • Website of the Bundesfachschaft Landschaft eV (BuFaLa) (German-speaking organization of landscape architecture students)
  • Website Thematic Network in Landscape Architecture European Network