Diepensee

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Diepensee
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 35 ′ 21 ″  E
Area : 5.54 km²
Residents : 311
Population density : 56 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : February 29, 2004
Postal code : 15711
Area code : 03375
Main street in Diepensee
Main street in Diepensee

Diepensee is a district of the city of Koenigs Wusterhausen in the district of Dahme-Spreewald in the state of Brandenburg in the Federal Republic of Germany.

History and etymology

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
The archaeological excavations in particular should have revealed some information about the further history of the original site.
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14th and 15th centuries

In 1348 a Jacob Dypense appeared in the files for the first time , which according to the land book of Charles IV. 1375 belonged to the village of Dypensey , Tifense , Diffensey or also in the notation Tiffensee . At that time it was already desolate , and the electoral vassal H. Beschorn is said to have received income. In 1416 there was again talk of a desolate village, but some hooves were lent to nobles for use. One of the first families to appear before 1416 was the von Britzke zu Britz family , who were awarded two hooves in the desert village of Tieffensey . In 1435 a woman Rathenow received personal belongings from six and a half hooves from czu Tiefensee on the Teltow . In 1438 the place was apparently settled again, because there was a village with fields, meadows and pastures, which were, however, lent. It belonged to the Moller family, who first appeared in the documents that year. They held the other half of the jurisdiction as well as the church patronage . Their share went to the Mußlow family, after which it became electoral. The von Britzke expanded their property in Ort to Dypensehe to 18 Hufen in 1473 and received half an upper and lower court and half of the church patronage. In 1474 a courtyard and two Hufen were awarded - but the files also show that it was “uncertain” whether they were occupied. Before 1484, the Milow family joined Blankenfelde as a fourth owner. However, they sold their shares in two Hufen on Feldmark Diepensee to those of Schlabrendorf zu Beuthen and Waßmannsdorf. Their ownership was confirmed again in 1497.

16th Century

Around 1500 and 1527 there was still talk of a church village, although there was no parish hoof at any time, but church patronage. In archaeological excavations a foundation one was sacred building to light, whose history so far, however, remained unclear. While Schlabrendorf's share lasted until the 19th century, the owners of the remaining shares changed comparatively frequently. Before 1539, those of Flans zu Altglienicke and Großmachnow appeared, who took over the electoral portion and expanded it to 12.5 Hufen. They continued to receive sheep farming rights from the elector over the associated farms. In the 16th and 17th centuries, however, there was no longer any sign of sheep farming. They also received half of the estate and the patronage. Before 1546, the von Schlieben , von Britzke, von Otterstädt, von Hake and von Heydekampf families came to the town from the Rudow stake with the raising of Höfen and Hufen zu Diepensee. The benefits in kind of Ms. Rathenow changed to the Bretschneider family before 1559 and in 1559 until after 1613 they went to Reiche zu Rotzis and Rangsdorf, who had eight and a half duty-free hooves. The von Flans increased their ownership to 14 hooves in 1571, while the von Britzke family still owned the 18 hooves along with rights and services in 1598.

17th and 18th centuries

The lifting of Höfen and Hufen zu Diepensee from the Rudow estate was confirmed again in 1618, as were the 14 Hufen from Flans in 1620. However, the two hooves from the one farm that the Liepe family zu Waltersdorf had received in 1474 were probably added . The von Britzke, however, had to reduce their share to a quarter in 1610, while three quarters probably went to the von Schlabrendorf around 1600. In 1610 the shares of the realms of Rotzis were confirmed again. Nothing is known about the time of the Thirty Years' War - neither whether there was a change of ownership or in what form the population was affected by the massive acts of war.

Nevertheless, the effects are likely to have been considerable, because Diepensee did not appear again until 1704 - as a desert field mark that was used by various farmers and manors. Three and a half wild Hufen belonged to the office of Köpenick , eight and a half Hufen at the Vorwerk Rudow were free, as well as three wild Kötterhöfe . In 1702, the office had received an eighth of the upper and lower courts in addition to the desolate courts. In 1753 the von Schlabrendorf family expanded their property with the flange shares to 31.5 Hufen. They still held a farm and a colony. One hoof belonged to a farmer at Rudow, the remaining 13 hooves from the chamber at Königs Wusterhausen . She planned to settle “foreign” small farmers.

19th and 20th centuries

Woman farmer breeding cattle, 1959

In 1800 there were three Büdner and ten residents living in the village; there was also the manor with 41 hooves. There were a total of 16 fireplaces (= households) in Diepensee. In 1823 the von Schlabrendorf family gave their share to a Büttner family, who in turn passed it on to a Friedrich family in 1836 and from there to a Heydemann family in 1842. In 1840 there was the manor and colony with ten houses. In 1858 there was one landowner, one tenant, ten male servants and maids, 36 day laborers and four servants. The manor was large in 1849 acres. A master shoemaker, a civil servant and a private tutor worked in the village. In 1860 the building stock had grown to 12 houses. There were also eight farm buildings. The residents cultivated 1,592 acres of arable land, 209 acres of forest, 24 acres of meadow and 20 acres of garden land. In the 19th century Diepensee was churched after Waßmannsdorf and has belonged to Schönefeld since 1899.

In 1900 there were only nine houses, while in 1931 the statistics again showed 16 houses. In 1939 there was only one farm with an area of ​​more than 100 hectares. After the Second World War , 467 hectares were expropriated and 279 hectares of which were divided. A total of eleven farmers received just five hectares of land, one farm two hectares, and 41 farms together 272 hectares. In 1953 a type I LPG was founded , which was converted into a type III in 1958. It had 31 members and managed 112 hectares of agricultural land. In 1960 a VEG Diepensee was founded with 96 employees. In 1969 it became part of the Waßmannsdorf combine. There was also a Type III LPG with 36 members and 187 hectares and a Type I LPG with ten members and 71 hectares. In 1973 the cooperative plant production department was founded . In 1975 the LPG in Diepensee Type III merged with the LPGs in Kiekebusch and Rotberg, based in Rotberg.

The original place Diepensee was about 7 km northwest of its current location ( ⊙ ) and belonged as an independent municipality to the office of Schönefeld since June 26, 1992 .

21st century

The community house in the new Diepensee
Volunteer Fire Brigade building

After the office of Schönefeld was dissolved on October 26, 2003, the former municipality of Diepensee was co-administered by the municipality of Schönefeld which was now free from office. Due to the construction of the Berlin Brandenburg Airport , the then 335 inhabitants of the village were relocated to the completely newly built village of Diepensee north of the Deutsch Wusterhausen district of the city of Königs Wusterhausen by December 2004 . The community of Diepensee had already been dissolved at the time when three quarters of the residents with their main residence registered there on June 30, 2002 had relocated. This criterion was reached on February 29, 2004, so that the area of ​​the former municipality became part of the municipality of Schönefeld and the legal successor to the dissolved municipality, the city of Königs Wusterhausen. In the course of the reorganization of the community, the cemetery was also changed. The wall consists of stones from the old manor, which was built in 1897, the gate dates from 1916. In the northern area there is a communal grave from Diepensee citizens who were not reburied individually.

Archaeological excavations

Boulder in the town center

Extensive archaeological excavation work was carried out in connection with the relocation of the site. As with every major construction project, the airport company also had to comply with the state monument protection law when building BER. This stipulated that the documentation of the ground monuments affected by the destruction in the building area should be financed. The largest excavation project in the region was supervised here under the direction of BLDAM . In particular, the relocation of the Diepensee location made it possible to research the 14 hectare area for two years  . The medieval Dypensey , the history of which was largely unknown, came to light very well. The reconstruction resulted in a complete Angerdorf from the 13th and 14th centuries with a village fortification and two streets surrounding the Anger with the Tiefen See. Particularly surprising were numerous house cellars made of field stones and the floor plan of a small village church and the cemetery with over 400 graves.

In the summer of 2005, the cemetery of the medieval Diepensee was surprisingly discovered and completely excavated. With at least 485 individuals, a complete series of skeletons from the early 13th to the middle of the 14th century was available in the state of Brandenburg for the first time. The skeletons were examined by the anthropologist Bettina Jungklaus . Most of those buried died between the ages of 40–59 (23%), followed by infants up to 7 years of age (21%), which is characteristic of a larger, pre-industrial population. Women died more frequently as young adults, men often at an advanced age. A high proportion of young people was noticeable, which could indicate plague or another infectious disease in Diepensee. Child mortality was moderately high by medieval standards at 33%. Life expectancy of almost 30 years was rather high. In medieval Diepensee, the exposure to dental caries was comparatively low. This indicates that the medieval Diepenseeer ate a mixed diet of grain and dairy products with a moderate proportion of meat. Signs of malnutrition and physical exertion were rare. However, children ages three to six had signs of anemia (Cribra orbitalia) and stunted growth (enamel hypoplasia and Harris' lines ). Children of this age range were therefore subject to malnutrition and the risk of infection, but survived this phase quite well. The joints and vertebrae showed a typical strain of degenerative changes for the hard work in the rural living environment . The men's legs were more stressed than those of the women, suggesting a division of labor. Overall, Diepensee emerged as a village in the medieval Mark Brandenburg with favorable living conditions for the residents.

Population development

Population development in Diepensee from 1772 to 1971
year 1772 1801 1817 1840 1858 1895 1925 1939 1946 1964 1971
Residents 54 68 52 76 117 125 210 202 328 403 435

politics

Michael Gleißner is the head of the village.

literature

  • Udo Haase, Michael Pilz (ed.): Diepensee: A village is relocating . be.bra Wissenschaft verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-937233-03-2 .
  • Sabine Eickhoff: Stopover in the Middle Ages: Archeology for the capital's airport BBI. The excavations in Diepensee - Exhibition by Flughafen Berlin-Schönefeld GmbH and the Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum in the Airportworld BBI in Berlin-Schönefeld from March 23 to June 30, 2006 . Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum, Wünsdorf 2006, ISBN 3-910011-41-1 .
  • Lieselott Enders : Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg: Teltow (= Historical local lexicon for Brandenburg . Volume 4). Verlag Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.

Web links

Commons : Diepensee  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
  • Diepensee in the RBB program Landschleicher on May 27, 2018

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Formation of the office of Schönefeld. Announcement of the Minister of the Interior of June 23, 1992. In: Official Journal for Brandenburg - Common Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg . 3rd year, no. 47 , July 10, 1992, pp. 894 .
  2. ↑ Sixth law on state-wide municipal area reform concerning the districts of Dahme-Spreewald, Elbe-Elster, Oberspreewald-Lausitz, Oder-Spree and Spree-Neiße (6th GemGebRefGBbg) . In: The President of the Brandenburg State Parliament (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg. Part I - Laws . No. 5 . Brandenburg University Printing and Publishing Company, Potsdam March 24, 2003, p. 93 ( brandenburg.de [accessed June 13, 2017]).
  3. ↑ Jürgen Schwenkenbecher: Resettlement agreement guarantees extensive rights: Movers from Diepensee shouldn't have to do without anything . In: Berliner Zeitung . June 23, 1999, ISSN  0947-174X ( berliner-zeitung.de [accessed June 13, 2017]).
  4. ↑ Jürgen Schwenkenbecher: The next Sunday the community officially ceases to exist: In April the cemetery will also move away from Diepensee . In: Berliner Zeitung . February 24, 2004 ( berliner-zeitung.de [accessed June 13, 2017]).
  5. ↑ Law on the dissolution of the Diepensee community of March 24, 2003 . In: The President of the Brandenburg State Parliament (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Brandenburg. Part I - Laws . 14th year, no. 5 . Brandenburgische Universitätsdruckerei und Verlagsgesellschaft, Potsdam March 27, 2003 ( brandenburg.de [accessed June 13, 2017]).
  6. ↑ Information board at the cemetery, April 2020.
  7. ^ Project Diepensee. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .
  8. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : Not badly lived: anthropological results from the cemetery of the medieval Diepensee, district of Dahme-Spreewald . In: Archaeological Society in Berlin and Brandenburg e. V. in cooperation with the Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and the State Archaeological Museum and the State Monuments Office Berlin (ed.): Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg . Konrad Theiss Verlag, 2006, ISSN  0948-311X , p. 102-105 .
  9. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : Sit tibi terra levis - "May the earth be easy for you". Special burials in the cemetery of the medieval Diepensee, district of Dahme-Spreewald . In: Felix Biermann (Ed.): "Watching things ..." Archaeological and historical research on the early history of Central and Northern Europe. Festschrift for Günter Mangelsdorf for his 60th birthday . Rahden 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-462-0 , pp. 379-387 .
  10. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : Palaeodemographical and palaeopathological aspects of the comprehensively Documented late medieval village population at Diepensee (Brandenburg) . In: Gisela Grupe (Hrsg.): Limping together through the ages: joint afflictions and bone infections . Rahden 2008, ISBN 978-3-89646-621-1 , p. 81-118 .
  11. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : A complete village cemetery from the late Middle Ages: Diepensee - a stroke of luck for anthropology . In: Insights - Archaeological Contributions for the South of the State of Brandenburg 2006/2007 - Working Reports on Land Monument Preservation in Brandenburg 2006/2007 . Booklet 18. Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum, Wünsdorf 2008, ISBN 978-3-910011-50-2 , p. 123-131 .
  12. ↑ Blandine Wittkopp , Susanne Hanik, Bettina Jungklaus , Dirk Sudhaus: Diepensee - desert process under the microscope . In: Archeology in Germany . No. 4 . Konrad Theiss Verlag, 2011, ISSN  0176-8522 , p. 30-33 .
  13. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : Hard work for the farmers in Brandenburg - Degenerative joint changes in the late medieval population of Diepensee (Lkr. Dahme-Spreewald) . In: Contributions to archeozoology and prehistoric anthropology . tape VIII . Beier & Beran, Langenweißbach 2011, ISBN 978-3-941171-55-8 , pp. 147-154 .
  14. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : Plagued by osteoarthritis. The workload of the farmers from Diepensee, Lkr.Dahme-Spreewald . In: Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg . Konrad Theiss Verlag , 2010, ISSN  0948-311X , p. 120-122 .
  15. ↑ Mayor. City of Königs Wusterhausen, February 14, 2019, accessed on March 13, 2019 .