District of Guben

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The district area 1905

The district of Guben (until 1939 Guben or Gubenischer Kreis ) was a district in Lower Lusatia from the 17th century to 1950. After the Second World War , the part of the district east of the Lusatian Neisse was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union .

territory

On January 1, 1945, the district of Guben included the city of Fürstenberg (Oder) , 106 other communities and two forest estate districts .

Administrative history

Kingdom of Saxony

After the area with Niederlausitz came to the Kingdom of Saxony in 1635 , the Gubenische Kreis was formed. The town of Guben , as well as the rule Forst-Pförten and the civil status Amtitz were incorporated into it. In 1765 the Lordship of Sorau and Triebel were added.

Kingdom of Prussia

In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna , the circle became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1816, as part of a comprehensive administrative reform, it was divided into two new circles:

  • Sorau district with the lordships of Sorau and Triebel as well as Forst-Pförten in the south of the previous district.

Both districts belonged to the new Frankfurt administrative district .

North German Confederation / German Empire

Since July 1, 1867, the district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On April 1, 1884, the city of Guben left the district and from then on formed its own urban district . The district of Guben changed its name to the district of Guben.

As of September 30 as 1928 in the district of Guben like the rest of the Free State of Prussia territorial reform held in almost all Gutsbezirke dissolved and neighboring rural communities were allocated on December 1, 1928, the Gutsbezirk Mückenberg came from the district to the city Guben county Guben . In 1939 the district was renamed the Guben district .

In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, the Soviet Union placed the district under the administration of the People's Republic of Poland . Gradual immigration of Polish migrants began in the affected part of the district, some of them from areas east of the Curzon Line . The local Polish administrative authorities subsequently expelled the local population from this part of the district .

Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic

The district was divided by the Oder-Neisse border. The part of the district to the east of the Neisse was placed under Polish administration, while the part to the west of the Neisse now formed the district of Guben in the state of Brandenburg in the Soviet zone. It included the city of Fürstenberg (Oder) and 50 other communities with a total of 35,192 inhabitants.

Five years later, on June 30, 1950, the district of Guben was dissolved by the law on the amendment to improve the district and municipal boundaries :

During the administrative reform of 1952 , a new Guben district was formed, consisting of

  • of the city of Guben
  • all communities in the old Guben district that changed to Cottbus district in 1950
  • the communities of Bresinchen, Groß Drewitz, Lauschütz and Sembten of the old district of Guben, which had changed to the district of Frankfurt (Oder) in 1950
  • the municipality of Reicherskreuz from the district of Frankfurt (Oder)
  • the communities of Drewitz , Jänschwalde , Pinnow , Schönhöhe , Staakow and Tauer from the Cottbus district.

The new district of Guben was assigned to the district of Cottbus . The north-western part of the old district of Guben around Fürstenberg and Neuzelle merged into the new district of Fürstenberg , later Eisenhüttenstadt-Land , which was assigned to the Frankfurt (Oder) district .

country Brandenburg

During the administrative reform of 1993, the request to restore the old Guben district (until 1950) in a new Oder-Neisse district in favor of the formation of a greater district bordering Berlin and Poland was not granted, although there were resolutions of the district councils of Eisenhüttenstadt-Stadt, Eisenhüttenstadt-Land and Guben as well as a constitutional complaint from 1993.

Population development

year Residents source
1816 29,358
1840 40,545
1871 62,462
1890 42,431
1900 43,189
1910 43,845
1925 45,708
1933 46,894
1939 45,390
1946 35.192

Local constitution until 1945

The district of Guben was divided into cities, rural communities and - until their almost complete dissolution in 1929 - manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

District administrators

1816–1829 Ernst Wilhelm von Manteuffel
1829–1848 Friedrich Gustav von Carlsburg
1849–1859 Max Heinrich Kaempffe
1859–1866 Ewald von Kleist (1825–1877)
1867–1877 Kurt von Reventlou (1834–1914)
1877–1890 Heinrich zu Schoenaich-Carolath (1852–1920)
1891–1899 Wolfgang Kapp (1858–1922)
1899–1900 Friedrich Dombois (1860–1931)
1900–1910 Karl von Kunow
1910–1920 Detlev von Reventlow (1876–1950)
1920–1931 Hans Günther Moes (1886–1966)
1931–1933 Ernst von Windheim (1891–1946)
1933–1945 Ernst Kaempffe
1945 Otto Pötschke-9999
1945 Richard Voigt-9999
1945–1950 Max Nitschke

cities and communes

Communities west of the Neisse

The following communities in the district of Guben were located west of the Neisse and thus after the Second World War in the Soviet Zone . Today the area belongs to the districts of Oder-Spree and Spree-Neisse .

In the western part of the district was also the community-free forest Siehdichum.

Communities east of the Neisse

The following towns and municipalities in the Guben district lay east of the Neisse and came to Poland after the Second World War, where they now largely belong to the Powiat Krośnieński in the Lubusz Voivodeship .

In the eastern part of the district there was also the community-free Guben city forest.

Municipalities dissolved before 1939

Name changes

The municipality of Wiesenau was called Krebsjauche until 1919 . Between 1935 and 1937 there were minor changes in the typeface of several place names:

  • Beitzsch → Beitsch
  • Crayne → Krayne
  • Ögeln → Oegeln
  • Tzschernowitz → Schernewitz
  • Tschernsdorf → Schernsdorf
  • Zschiegern → Schiegern

The Sorbian place name Niemaschkleba was changed to "Lindenhain" for ideological reasons, although the new name had nothing to do with the original.

literature

  • Gustav Neumann : Geography of the Prussian State. 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 103-104, item 12.
  • Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 184-193.
  • Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, pp. 85-89.
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 520-553 ( online ).
  • Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 184–193, No. 1–181 ( online ).
  • Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad Oder. Compiled from official sources . Frankfurt ad O. 1844, pp. 77-90 ( online ).
  • W. Riehl and J. Scheu (eds.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Margraviate Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Berlin 1861, pp. 551-571 ( online ).
  • M. Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. (online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke, Uwe Ulrich Jäschke: Kursächsischer Ämteratlas 1790: scale approx. 1: 200000 . Gumnior, Chemnitz 2009. ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 . P. 108f.
  2. ^ Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Niederlausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1854, chap. 3 VI., P. 44 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  3. ^ Carl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz: History and Statistics of the Kingdom of Saxony . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1809, chap. State Constitution, p. 257 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  4. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 12 , 1816, p. 106 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  5. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Frankfurt (Oder), special edition of September 21, 1928 (p. 244).
  6. ^ Official Journal of the Government of Frankfurt ad Oder, Item 52 of December 29, 1928 No. 678, p. 335.
  7. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Frankfurt, p. 210 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  8. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O., Harnecker, 1844, p. 30
  9. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Guben district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  11. ↑ 1946 census
  12. ↑ R. Zilch, B. Holtz (edit.): The protocols of the Prussian State Ministry 1817–1934 / 38. Vol. 12 / II. In: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): Acta Borussica . New episode. Olms-Weidmann, Hildesheim 2003, p. 730 ( Online ; PDF 2.2 MB).