Chlebowo (Gubin)

Khlebovo
	Khlebovo
Basic data
State :	Poland
Voivodeship :	Lebus
Powiat :	Krosno Odrzańskie
Gmina :	Gubin
Geographic location :	52 ° 2 '  N , 14 ° 52'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 2 '12 "  N , 14 ° 52' 8"  E
Height :	40 m npm
Residents :	627 (2016)
Postal code :	66-620
Telephone code :	(+48) 68
License plate :	FKR
Economy and Transport
Street :	Gubin - Torzym
Administration (as of 2018)
Mayoress :	Katarzyna Pławiak

St. Joseph Church in Chlebowo

St. Joseph Church

St. Joseph Church

Church tower with bell next to the church

Chlebowo (from 1945 to 1953 Niemaszchleba ; German Niemaschkleba , 1937-1945 Lindenhain ; Lower Sorbian Njamašklěb ) is a village and a Schulzenamt in the Polish Voivodeship of Lebus , which belongs to the rural community of Gubin (Guben) in the powiat Krośnieński (Crossen district) . With 627 inhabitants (2016), Chlebowo is the most populous district of the Gubin municipality. Until October 5, 1954 Chlebowo was an independent rural community ( Gmina wiejska ) and then a Gromada , which was incorporated into Wałowice on July 1, 1968 .

Geographical location

The place is located in the Polish part of Niederlausitz , about 14 kilometers northeast of the city of Gubin and eight kilometers as the crow flies east of the border with Germany . Surrounding villages are Rybaki (Schönfeld) in the north, Połęcko (Pollenzig) in the northeast, Czarnowo (Neuendorf) in the east, Chojna (Friedrichswalde) in the southeast, Wałowice (Wallwitz , Kr.Guben ) in the southwest, Żytowań (Seitwann) in the west and Rybołowy and Łowy (Lahmo) in the northwest.

The Oder flows north of Chlebowo . The village is located on Droga wojewódzka 138, which connects the place with Gubin / Guben . Between Chlebowo and the neighboring town of Połęcko, this road is interrupted by a ferry across the Oder. The Krzesiński Park Krajobrazowy nature reserve is located northwest of Chlebowo . In the south and west the place is surrounded by extensive forest areas, to the north lies the floodplain of the Oder.

The village of Chlebowo includes the place Rąbiechów ( heather sheep farm ) and the individual settlements of Mikulice (Augustwalde) and Ponik (Panicke) and Płocin ( deep lake ) .

history

Chlebowo was first mentioned in the Liber fundationis episcopatus Vratislaviensis of the Archdiocese of Breslau from 1295 under the name Schwchleb . At that time the settlement was on the eastern border of the Lausitz near the border with the Silesian Duchy of Glogau . On April 18, 1353, the town of Guben bought the village of Nymatschclebe from its then owners Hans, Otto and Frenzel von Budyssin. The purchase was confirmed a little later by Margrave Friedrich the Strict . The place name is derived from the old Lower Sorbian word namaschkle . This consists of the components maschasch = knead and glue for loaf of bread . The name thus refers to the bread-baking activity in the village. In the following time the spelling of the place name changed frequently, the name forms used included Nemisclebe , Nemaschgleba or Nemesklaba . The spelling Niemaschkleba only caught on around the 19th century. From its first mention until the 19th century, Chlebowo was a combing village of the town of Guben. From its settlement form, Chlebowo is a rural village .

In 1429 the town of Guben and the surrounding villages were attacked by the Hussites . In the process, Niemaschkleba was completely devastated. Then the village was rebuilt a little further north. A village called Chelmen , which had also been destroyed, was not rebuilt and the residents of that village joined Niemaschkleba. The Heidekrug was later built on the site of the former village of Chelmen. In 1441 the place was sold for 100 Bohemian groschen to the noble family von Kalckreuth , after they had already been enfeoffed with the village on March 13, 1441 by Landvogt Nickel von Polenz. In 1593 Niemaschkleba was damaged in an Oder flood .

From around the middle of the 14th century until 1635, Niemaschkleba belonged to the countries of the Bohemian Crown , after the Peace of Prague the village passed to the Electorate of Saxony . During the Thirty Years War , Niemaschkleba was attacked on December 12, 1636 by the Swedish army under the leadership of General Carl Gustaf Wrangel . The church was set on fire and large parts of the village were destroyed. In addition, there were already some plague victims from previous years , which meant that the population fell sharply by 1648 compared to before the start of the war. After the end of the war, seven farm estates were unoccupied. A population census was carried out in the village on October 26, 1664. At that time, Niemaschkleba had 193 inhabitants, of which 163 were Sorbs , 38 of which in turn spoke German. In 1670 there were 53 taxable households in Niemaschkleba. Of these, 34 were farmers , 14 gardeners , three Büdner and four house people.

On August 30, 1707, King Friedrich August I the Strong borrowed 2000 thalers from the Prussian General Commissioner to pay the Swedish contribution and in return gave the two villages of Mückenberg and Niemaschkleba to the Commissioner Bock as pledge . On February 11, 1726, the town of Guben then acquired the ownership rights to the village smithy in Niemaschkleba. On October 23, 1746, 68 residential buildings burned down during the Seven Years' War . Four residents aged seven, 27, 63 and 75 years old died in the fire. In April 1751 came in Niemaschkleba back to a fire resulting in 21 farms and a Vorwerk were destroyed. In 1800 there were 92 fireplaces in Niemaschkleba . There were also the Heidekrug settlements with four fire places and Heideschäferei with two fire places.

In the course of the political reorganization after the Congress of Vienna , Lower Lusatia and thus also the village of Niemaschkleba, which previously belonged to the Kingdom of Saxony , came to the Kingdom of Prussia . In 1820 Niemaschkleba had 90 residential buildings, 42 Büdner, 34 farmers, 13 kossäts and a miller lived in the village . With the exception of the miller, all other residents had full ownership of their property. On May 25, 1830 there was a violent storm in the vicinity of Niemaschkleba, in which several farm buildings were destroyed. On the night of April 24th to 25th, 1836, 26 buildings were destroyed in a fire. According to the topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt an der Oder from 1844, Niemaschkleba had 97 residential buildings at that time, in which 951 people lived. The village had a water mill .

Two watermills are mentioned in Niemaschkleba in 1867. At that time the village had 1004 inhabitants. In addition there were the Heideschäferei Vorwerk with 77 inhabitants, the Augustwalde forestry with 51 inhabitants, the Heidekrug inn with 23 inhabitants, the Panicke sheep farm with nine inhabitants and the Heideschäferei colony on the Tiefensee with eight inhabitants. In 1878 the rinderpest broke out in Niemaschkleba and the village was cordoned off. In 1900 Niemaschkleba had 892 inhabitants according to the German municipality register , the associated settlement Heideschäferei 112 inhabitants. The Heidekrug, first head forester and later Dorfkrug von Niemaschkleba, burned down in 1913 and was replaced by a new building. In 1925 Niemaschkleba had 920 inhabitants, in 1933 there were 955 inhabitants and at the beginning of the war in 1939 Niemaschkleba had 956 inhabitants. On September 30, 1928, the then rural community Heideschäferei (today Rąbiechów ) was incorporated.

From 1816 Niemaschkleba was in the district of Guben in the administrative district of Frankfurt in the province of Brandenburg . The place name Niemaschkleba was changed in 1937 in the course of the National Socialist Germanization of Sorbian place names in Lindenhain . After the border was drawn in the period after World War II , the place came under the name Niemaszchleba to the Republic of Poland . There the place initially belonged to the powiat Gubinski in the Poznan Voivodeship . Most of the German population was expelled to the western side of the Lusatian Neisse in July 1945 , and the region around Gubin experienced a sharp decline in population after the end of the war. From 1948 onwards Poles who had been released from military service were resettled in Niemaszchleba and the surrounding villages. Since 1950 Chlebowo belonged to the Krosno Voivodeship . On July 1, 1952, the rural community Chlebowo was incorporated into Wałowice . In the following the name was changed to Chlebowo . In October 1954 there was another local reform, in which the rural communities were abolished as an administrative unit and replaced by gromadas . Chlebowo then became independent again, the Gromada Chlebowo also included the districts Łomy and Kosarzyn.

On December 31, 1961, the Powiat Gubinski was dissolved and incorporated into the Powiat Krośnieński . On July 1, 1968, the Gromada Chlebowo was incorporated into the Gromada Wałowice. On January 1, 1973, another municipal reform came into force, in which the Gromada Wałowice was converted into a Gmina wiejska . On January 15, 1976 this community merged with Grabice and Stargard Gubiński to form the new rural community Gubin . Between 1975 and 1998 the place belonged to the Zielona Góra Voivodeship , after its dissolution as a result of a territorial reform, the place came to the Lubusz Voivodeship . In 2003 Chlebowo was connected to the public sewer network. Katarzyna Pławiak has been the local mayor of Chlebowo since 2014.

Augustwalde Colony

The Oberförsterei Augustwalde was established on March 7, 1798 with the construction of a house with stables and a garden near Friedrichswalde by the colonist Martin Friedrich Gromm to avoid the common wood thefts at that time. The settlement was named after the former electors I. Frederick Augustus named. At that time, nine forest workers lived in the settlement . The border between Prussia and Saxony ran between Augustwalde and Friedrichswalde to the north, Augustwalde belonged to Saxony and Friedrichswalde to Prussia. In 1870 and 1902 the colony had ten households each, in 1945 there were eight. Since 1945 the place has been called Mikulice, today it has fallen into desolation and is no longer accessible by car.

Attractions

The parish church of St. Joseph was built in the Gothic style in the 13th century and redesigned several times in the following centuries, also because it was repeatedly destroyed by fires. In 1900 the church tower collapsed . After the Second World War , the church was reconstructed and rebuilt. Since then, the church bell has been in a wooden tower next to the church. Next to the church there is a memorial to the fallen in honor of those who fell in the First World War .

Others

In Chlebowo there is a school, the Zespół Szkół w Chlebowie , which offers all grade levels (elementary school to grade 7 and a high school). The LKS “PŁOMIEŃ” Chlebowo football club is also located in the village .

Web links

Commons : Chlebowo / Niemaschkleba  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Niemaschkleba
• Pictures from Niemaschkleba
• Chlebowo on the side of Gmina Gubin (Polish)

proof

1. ↑ ^{a b} Rozmieszczenie ludności w gminie według miejscowości (Polish), accessed on May 22, 2018
2. ↑ Arnost Muka : Serbski zemjepisny słowničk. Budyšin, 1927, p. 78 ( digitized version ).
3. ↑ Alexander Buttmann: The German place names with special consideration of the originally Wendish in the Mittelmark and Niederlausitz . Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagbuchhandlung, Berlin 1856, p. 137 .
4. ↑ ^{a b c} Little beauty kept getting up. In: lr-online.de. Lausitzer Rundschau , October 24, 2006, accessed on May 22, 2018 . 
5. ↑ Johann Christian Loocke: The history of the district town of Guben . Görlitz 1803, p. 191 ( slub-dresden.de ).
6. ^ Karl Gander: The history of the city of Guben . Guben 1925, p. 116 .
7. ^ Karl Gander: Niederlausitzer Mitteilungen, Volume 20/21 . 1931, p. 35 .
8. ^ Karl Gander: The history of the city of Guben . Guben 1925, p. 174 .
9. ^ Karl Gander: The history of the city of Guben . Guben 1925, p. 188 .
10. ^ Karl Gander: The history of the city of Guben . Guben 1925, p. 191 .
11. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O. 1844, p. 85 ( bsb-muenchen.de ).
12. ↑ Statistical Bureau of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a. O .: Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt ad O. 1867, online at Google Books , p. 93
13. ↑ Czeslaw Osękowski: For Polish settlement in the former German territories after the Second World War. Lubusz Land and Gubin District. Retrieved September 22, 2018 . 
14. ↑ Chlebowo in the Historical Directory. Retrieved May 22, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Wykaz Sołtysów - kadencja 2014-2018. December 4, 2015, accessed May 27, 2018 (Polish). 
16. ↑ On the way to the Mikulice desert. Retrieved May 22, 2018 .