Gromada

This article refers to the Polish self-governing body; for the Polish tourist group and hotel chain Gromada see Ogólnokrajowa Spółdzielnia Turystyczna Gromada .

Under Gromada (dt .: "heap") is defined as a unit of village self-government in Poland at different times.

1. In the Polish-Lithuanian Rzeczpospolita , an organization that included all villagers developed from the 16th to the 18th centuries, particularly in Lesser Poland . Its organs were the village assembly ( zgromadzenie gromadzkie ) and the village office ( urząd wiejski ). She dealt with the internal affairs of the village, tax collection and the supervision of financial services to the king.
2. In Congress Poland the Gromada became part of the collective municipality ( gmina zbiorowa ) in 1859 . Its executive body was the Schulzen ( sołtysy ), who were elected by gromada assemblies. Their organization was different in farming villages, formerly urban settlements and small aristocratic villages.
3. In the Second Polish Republic between the World Wars, the Gromada was part of the collective municipality, but was a separate body that administered the Gromada property.
4. In the People's Republic of Poland , the Gromada was the smallest administrative unit from 1954 to 1972. A gromada comprised several villages and was introduced as a replacement for parishes. At its head was the People's Council ( rada narodowa ) and its presidium. In 1972 it was replaced by municipalities ( gminy ).