Jurisdiction Amtitz

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The registry office Amtitz was an aristocratic rule in Lower Lusatia with its seat in Amtitz (today Gębice , Gmina Gubin , Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland), which developed from a knightly estate to a free estate lordship in the course of the late Middle Ages and the early modern period , and in 1646 a seat in the Herrenkuria of the Niederlausitzer Landtag received. In the 19th century, the term Standesherrschaft Amtitz or Free Standesherrschaft Amtitz became established .

Amtitz / Gębice, excerpt from the original table sheet 4154 Jessnitz from 1845

geography

Amtitz is around 12 kilometers southeast of Guben . The place has been called Gębice since 1945 and is a district of the rural community (Gmina) Gubin in the Lubusz Voivodeship , Poland.

history

Compared to the other Lower Lusatian rulers, Amtitz developed into a rulership relatively late. In the 14th century Amtitz was only a knight's seat. It was not until the 17th century on the Lower Lusatia state parliament of 1646 that it was counted as a gentleman's curia and thus recognized as a rulership. According to the state legislature of 1669, a total of 14 lordships ( Dobrilugk , Friedland and Schenkendorf , Forst and Pförten , Sorau , Spremberg , Leuthen , Sonnewalde , Drehna , Straupitz , Lieberose , Lübbenau and Amtitz) and the abbot of Neuzelle belonged to the lords curia of the Lower Lusatian state parliament . The city curia (with the four immediate cities Luckau , Calau , Lübben and Guben ) and the knight's curia were also represented in the Lower Lusatia state parliament .

14th Century

A first documentary reference to the (later) manor or the (later) rule of Amtitz is the mention of Fritz de Omtitz in 1347, a castle man ( castellanus ) in Schiedlo . However, it is uncertain whether de Omtitz is to be considered a family name here or whether the addition is to be understood as a pure indication of origin. On October 10, 1357, the Meissen Margraves Friedrich III. and Balthasar the Guben citizen Zache and his children the villages of Amtitz with Vorwerk and Mühle, Saude, Treppeln, Stargardt, Kohlo, Plesse and other estates like the Rorechin in Pohlo ( Pole , Gmina Gubin) fief. After that, the documents are silent for almost 80 years.

15th and 16th centuries

At an unspecified time at the beginning of the 15th century, Hans von Zeschau was enfeoffed from the Lower Lusatian bailiff Hans von Polenz († 1437). In 1459, the Brandenburg margrave Friedrich II , who was then pledgee of Niederlausitz, issued a feudal letter for Hans von Zeschau ( Tzeschow ) over the villages of Amtitz, Stargardt, Saude and the Wilkenswald. In the years 1473/75 raids and feuds were undertaken from Amtitz in the wider area, in which the sons of Hans von Zeschau, Baltzahr and Melcher were involved. From 1490 at the latest, Baltzer (Balthasar) von Zeschau sat on the Amtitz. He was a royal district judge from 1502 to 1520, and in 1505 he was appointed governor of Lower Lusatia by King Sigismund . In 1506 Baltzer von Zeschau was able to acquire the village of Laaso. In the feudal confirmation of October 16, 1527 after the change to manu dominante (i.e. the death of the Bohemian-Hungarian-Croatian King Ludwig II in the Battle of Mohács in 1526) for the brothers and cousins ​​Balthasar, Kaspar, Hans and Christoph von Zeschau “Only” talking about a knight's seat. These included the village and knight's seat as well as another vacant apartment in Amtitz, the villages of Stargardt, Saude, Laaso and Liebesitz as well as the Wilkenswald with its ponds and the associated heather. The mention of another vacant apartment certainly suggests that there was already a second knight's seat in Amtitz.

On September 18, 1538, the cousins ​​Hans and Wolf von Zeschau received the above fief or the two knight seats. Hans inherited the share of his deceased father Caspar, Wolf the share of his father's not named (Balthasar, Hans or Christoph) and another small share in the office of Caspar. At that time the fiefdom included the village and knight seat Amtitz as well as the villages Stargardt, Saude, Laaso and the Wilczkerwald .

Around 1538 Hans von Zeschau was able to purchase the villages of Dubrau ( Dąbrowa Łużycka , Gmina Przewóz ) and Grabig ( Grabik , Gmina Żary ) from the Benedictine monastery in front of Guben for 700 guilders for eight years. Both villages were redeemed by the monastery and later sold to Hans and Eusebius von Kalckreuth.

In 1542, Wolf von Zeschau was able to acquire the village of Jaulitz ( Jałowice , Brody ) as well as part of the villages of Groß Bösitz ( Bieżyce , Gmina Gubin) and Jetzschko (no longer exists, Niworolo near Kozów , Gmina Gubin) from the Jungfrauenkloster vor Guben as a pledge. He bought a third of Groß Bösitz from Peter von Radstock. The abbess of the Jungfrauenkloster in Guben, Katharina von Birckholtz, gave her consent to the pledge, however, only on condition that the monastery received amounts of money and benefits in kind that were to be newly determined each year. Wolf von Zeschau had to pay 110 guilders a year to the monastery for his pawn villages, and take over 50 peasant fuders of wood for the monastery. Wolf von Zeschau was a district judge in Niederlausitz. He was married to Anna v. Wiedebach (from Beitzsch / Biecz). Wolf von Zeschau died in 1564 and was inherited by his sons Caspar and Wolf Dietrich. The former died just a few years after his father without an heir, his share went to Wolf Dietrich. But even this died shortly afterwards (referred to as dead in 1569) without male descendants.

The Wolf's half of Amtitz then went to Hans von Zeschau, who was able to reunite the manor in one hand. However, he had to pay the wife of Wolf von Zeschau and the mother of Caspar and Wolf Dietrich 5,000 guilders, which she had inherited from their son Wolf Dietrich. Caspar and Wolf Dietrich also had a sister Margarethe, who was married to Seyfried von Stutterheim and was to receive 6,000 thalers. Since Hans von Zeschau could not raise the money, he had to pledge the inherited shares for 6 years. And since he could not pay off the debt during this time, he had to ask for an extension of the payment period of 10 years that was granted to him in 1577. In 1562 he killed Jobst von Zabeltitz, son of Christoph von Zabeltitz on Tranitz, allegedly in self-defense. Abraham von Stutterheim, the brother of Seyfried and brother-in-law of Margarethe von Zeschau, was the feudal successor of his deceased brother. Until the debt of Hans to his sister-in-law Margarethe von Zeschau was settled, he had to pledge up to eight villages of the small aristocratic rule to Abraham von Stutterheim. In any case, Abraham von Stutterheim was able to set Groß Bösitz, Jaulitz and Jetzschko as personal belongings to his wife in 1577. Hans d. Ä. von Zeschau was married to Sabine von Waldow in his first marriage and to Ursula von Wiedebach in his second marriage. He probably died around 1577, because he was followed by his son Hans d. J. von Zeschau, who ordered his wife Anna von Hohendorf , daughter of Georg von Hohendorf and Anna von Barfuß von Falkenhagen , a treasure trove with the village and estate Laaso in 1577 because of 1,500 thalers brought in marriage money. Hans d. J. must have died young and without a physical heir in 1578, because his mother (or stepmother?) Bequeathed the Amtitz manor to the son of her late sister Joachim von Maxen , because he had taken care of her. Since Hans d. J. had died without a physical heir, the manor Amtitz fell back as a settled fiefdom to the sovereign Emperor Rudolf II as King of Bohemia. In 1578 the latter jointly awarded half of the Ambtitzian fiefdoms to the Brandenburg council and governor in Küstrin Zacharias von Grünberg and the Brandenburg council and captain zu Peitz Melchior von Löben. At that time, the Amtitz feudal estates included the knight seat Amtitz, the villages of Laaso, Liebesitz, Sachsdorf, Saude, Stargardt and the Wilkerwald, as well as shares in the villages of Groß Bösitz, Raubarth and Vettersfelde. The total purchase price was 40,000 thalers. In addition, after the death of Hans d. J. von Zeschau, all goods fall back to the Bohemian king, with whom the mother was obese; it was about Saude, Göttern, 2½ Hufen in Döbern and probably also Dobern. In the Wilkerwald, however, the owner of the Starzeddel manor and the Starzeddels farmers had extensive timber rights. Zacharias von Grünberg had in 1581 from Heinrich d. J. von Pack acquired the villages of Grabig and Dubrau on Sommerfeld , which he now sold to Melchior von Loeben together with his half of the Amtitz estate. He got the consent of his brothers Hans and Abraham von Grünberg, who were also enfeebled, and his cousins ​​Joachim, Melchior, Wolf and Benno in Belkow / Bielkowo in Pomerania, Hans in Groß Breesen and Melchior zu Tornau. Melchior von Loeben received on April 16, 1578 the feudal letter for the acquired half of the lordship of Amtitz. The villages Saude and Göttern also appear in this loan letter (one half each). Since Dubrau and Grabig did not belong to the Amtitz rulership, he received a separate loan from these two villages dated February 4, 1583. At that time, the Amtitz rulership had to provide three armed horses as knightly service. Melchior von Loeben was married to Barbara von Stosch from the Mondschütz family ( Mojęcice , Gmina Wołów , Lower Silesia). Melchior von Loeben died before 1585, because on August 12, 1585 his son Maximilian was enfeoffed with the goods inherited from his father. Sachsdorf (Checiny) also belonged to the rule . In 1603 Maximilian von Loeben was elected district judge of the Margraviate of Niederlausitz, an office he held until his death in 1612. He was married to Marie von Ponikau from the Prietitz family; the marriage remained childless. In 1593 he sold the village of Liebesitz to Heinrich von Polenz auf Pohlo , who was enfeoffed on August 26, 1593. His brother Alexander von Polenz auf Tzschernowitz and the son of his late brother Wolf and other cousins ​​of Polenz were also enfeoffed. In 1594 he had borrowed 8,000 thalers from Joachim II von der Schulenburg on Lieberose and pledged all his goods to him. Joachim von der Schulenburg died that same year. The loan must have been paid because the Schulenburg's later claims cannot be found in the documents.

Amtitz comes to the Schönaich family

After the death of Melchior von Loeben (1612), the brothers Karl and Friedrich von Loeben on Merzdorf, who were also enfeoffed, inherited the Amtitz fiefs, which they then sold to Hans Georg von Schönaich (1557–1619) Freiherr auf Carolath, Beuthen, for 65,000 thalers Milka and Markersdorf in Silesia. He received the feudal letter for the Amtitz fiefs on June 27, 1616. In the same year he also bought the villages of Grabko , Horno and Neudörfel ( Nowa Wioska ) from Andreas von Liedlau for 13,000 thalers. He determined Amtitz to a minor major. Since Georg had only two daughters, the property passed on to his nephew Hans (* January 30, 1592, † July 3, 1639), who was also called the unfortunate, after his death in 1619. He supported the winter king Friedrich V in Prague. Allegedly his goods were confiscated in 1620, and later he was sentenced to a fine of 50,000 thalers at the imperial court. According to Schönfeldt (1887), the Knight of the Order of St. John George Abraham von Grünberg, Governor of Cottbus, owned Amtitz and Skyren in 1639. After Hans' death in 1639, his nephew Sebastian (1598–1650) took over the inheritance. In 1646 he also owned the Raubarth manor; that year he sold it to the von Dallwitz family on Starzeddel. Sebastian was married to Judith de la Rive, a Burgundian noblewoman. He was followed by his son Hans (* April 18, 1623, † November 16, 1675). He managed to fully rehabilitate his family. His first marriage was to Elisabeth Christina von Winterfeld, daughter of Reimar von Winterfeld auf Fischbach, and his second marriage to Helena Lucretia Gans Freiin von Putlitz (born February 11, 1643, † April 6, 1699), daughter of Wedigo Reimar Gans Edler Mr. von Putlitz and Hereditary Marshal and Privy Councilor of the Kurmark Brandenburg married.

After Sinapius, Franz Leopold Graf von Schönaich (* August 16, 1664, † November 1, 1707), son of Hans and his second wife Helena Lucretia Gans Freiin von Putlitz, was the master of the office. He married Hedwig Henriette Countess of Schwerin on June 23, 1697 (* July 5, 1675, † 1744), daughter of Otto von Schwerin and Ermgard Marie von Quadt . Franz Leopold is attested as a majorate from 1684 onwards. The marriage gave birth to the children: Helene Irmengarde Henriette (born June 27, 1698, married to NN., † April 30, 1791), Charlotte (born September 15, 1699, married to Albrecht Gottlob Gans zu Putlitz, 2nd marriage with Hans Casimir von Rhade, † December 19, 1777), Otto Albrecht (* March 19, 1701, † September 11, 1789), who succeeded his father as heir to his office, Luise (* June 14, 1703), Georg Philipp Gottlob Baron von Schönaich (* July 25, 1704, married to Maria Schenk zu Castel, † May 14, 1790), an Imperial Colonel and Prussian Major General, Carl Ludwig (* April 20, 1707, married to Dorothea Gottliebe von Luck) and Franzeline Leopoldine Benjamine (* July 1708, married to Gottfried Heinrich, Count von Schmettau).

Around 1720 Otto Albrecht became Freiherr von Schönaich (1701–1789) Majoratsherr in office. Around 1724 he married Charlotte Hermanne, daughter of Baron Wambold von Umstädt. They had the children: Christoph Otto (born June 11, 1725), a poet who succeeded him as a registrar, Franz Albrecht (born September 17, 1726, † March 17, 1777) and Henriette Philippine (born January 14, 1730, † 3 September 1740).

Christoph Otto Reichsfreiherr von Schönaich was born on June 11, 1725 as the son of Otto Albrecht and Charlotte Hermanne in Guben. He went to the military in 1745, became a Polish and Electoral Saxon lieutenant in a cuirassier regiment. He was taken prisoner in the battle of Kesselsdorf . As early as 1747 he left as a Saxon captain. In 1759 he married Henriette Ottonette Hermanne von Schmettau against the will of his parents (* June 24, 1736, † December 14, 1815); the marriage remained childless. He went blind in 1777 and died on the night of 13/14. September 1807 in Amtitz.

The rule of Amtitz now fell to the Count's line of Schönaich in Möllendorf, Gaffron and Riegersdorf. In 1827, the district economy commission of the district of Guben processed the regulation of services, the replacement of services and other services, the separations and replacements of servitutes in the registry office of Amtitz. At that time Karl Friedrich Gottlob was Count Alexander von Schönaich-Carolath (* September 18, 1767, † December 6, 1829) Majoratsherr of the registry office Amtitz. The rulership at that time included Amtitz, Stargardt, Göttern, Sachsdorf, Saude, Laaso, Dobern, Vettersfelde (Amtitzscher part) and the forest including the Milkau forest. His father was Hans Gottlob von Schönaich-Carolath (* February 27, 1726, † December 5, 1803) and Sophie Amalie Countess von Dohna-Schlodien.

Karl Friedrich Gottlob Alexander was married to Henriette Friederike Amalie Countess von Dohna-Kotzenau (born November 17, 1767) since May 12, 1789. Her children were: Amalia Friederike Charlotte Henriette (* April 24, 1790), Gottlob Erdmann Albert Alexander (* October 28, 1791), Carl Wilhelm Emilius Fabian (* January 24, 1794, † December 14, 1794), Friederike Charlotte Caroline Ida (* January 12, 1796, † 1798), Otto Hermann Heinrich Alexander Eunomus (* May 1, 1801, † 1832), Adelheid (* May 19, 1802) and Stella (* May 2, 1808). Karl Friedrich Gottlob Alexander died on December 6, 1829. His son and successor Otto Hermann Heinrich Alexander Eunomus died just three years later in May 1832. Of the other children of Karl Friedrich Gottlob Alexander and Henriette Friederike Amalie, only the three daughters who were not entitled to inheritance survived Amalia (born April 24, 1790, married to District Administrator Skopp), Adelheid (born May 19, 1802) and Stella (born May 2, 1808). After the death of Otto Hermann Heinrich Alexander Eunomus in 1832, the rulership of Amtitz fell to the princely line of Schönaich.

In 1835 Ludwig (Ferdinand Karl Erdmann Alexander Deodatus) Prince zu Schönaich-Carolath (born June 26, 1811, † January 22, 1862) owned the Amtitz. He was the son of Karl Wilhelm Philipp Ferdinand Prince zu Schönaich-Carolath (* January 17, 1785, † January 23, 1820) and the second of the three sisters of Prince Hermann Ludwig Heinrich von Pückler-Muskau , Bianca Auguste Caroline Hermine Olympia Countess von Pückler-Muskau (born December 27, 1792, remarried April 15, 1822 to Count Joseph Maria von Taufkirchen-Guttenberg, † May 29, 1834). Prince Karl Wilhelm Philipp Ferdinand was the younger brother of the ruling Prince Heinrich Carl Wilhelm (1783–1864).

Ludwig (Ferdinand Karl Erdmann Alexander Deodatus) Prince zu Schönaich-Carolath (* June 26, 1811, † January 22, 1862) married Adelheid Elisabeth Lucie Ida Constanze Dorothea Henriette on October 4, 1840 (* December 8, 1823, † August 27 1841), daughter of Prince Heinrich von Carolath-Beuthen. On May 8, 1843, he married Wanda, daughter of Count Karl Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck from the house of Ober-Beuthen. The couple had the children Karl Ludwig Erdmann (born February 14, 1845), Luise Wanda Julie Agnes (born November 4, 1847), Wanda Adelheid Bianca Clementine Cäcilie (born February 15, 1849) and Heinrich Ludwig Erdmann Ferdinand (born April 24 1852).

The owner of the registry office Amtitz was a participant in the collective vote of the gentry of the Niederlausitz on provincial parliaments and hereditary member of the Prussian manor house . Around 1855 the farms and estates of the Amtitz rule had a size of 3615 ha, of which 888 ha were arable, 1951 ha were forest and 187 ha were meadows. Around 1910 the estate still comprised 3331 ha.

The next owner of the rule Amtitz was the son of Ludwig Ferdinand Karl Erdmann Alexander Deodatus Prince zu Schoenaich-Carolath, Prince Heinrich (Ludwig Ferdinand Erdmann Deodatus) Prince zu Schoenaich-Carolath (* April 24, 1852, † June 20, 1920). In November 1878 he was appointed District Administrator of the Gubener Kreis, after having represented the previous District Administrator Kurt von Reventlow since October 1877 . In 1890 he resigned. He also acquired the manors Starzeddel and Raubarth, which were already united in one hand, and the missing share from Vettersfelde. He married Princess Margarita von Schönburg-Waldenburg on October 4, 1888; no children were born from the marriage. At that time he had the chapel added to the Amtitz church, the basement of which was to serve as a crypt. He bequeathed the rule of Amtitz to his cousin Ferdinand von Schönaich-Carolath. Starzeddel, Raubarth and Vettersfelde, which he bequeathed to his widow, were again separated from the rule of Amtitz. In 1934 she adopted Prince Sieghard von Schönaich-Carolath and bequeathed the goods to him.

The last owner of the rule Amtitz was Prince Ferdinand (Johann Georg Hermann Heinrich Ludwig Wilhelm Friedrich August) von Schönaich (born April 5, 1913, † October 17, 1973), son of Johann Georg von Schönaich-Carolath and Hermine von Schönaich-Carolath (born Princess of Reuss-Greiz). He was expelled and expropriated in 1945. The Amtitz Castle was also burned down and later completely removed.

Associated places

Around 1800/20 the following villages belonged to the Amtitz rule:

  • Amtitz, village with a watermill and a brickworks, with Vorwerk Ottohof (sheep farm) In 1879 Amtitz also had a distillery and a brewery.
  • (Dobern), village with a farm, a windmill, a sheep farm. Dobern was a rural manor and not part of the Amtitz rule, but has been linked to the Amtitz rule since 1613.
  • Döbern ( Dobrzyń ), village in two parts. Part 1 with a Vorwerk belonged to the rural manor Groß Breesen. The second share belonged to the registry office Amtitz.
  • Gods ( Chociejów ), village
  • Laaso ( Łazy ), village
  • Sachsdorf ( Chęciny ), village, farm, watermill
  • Saude ( Zawada ), village, Perlmühle (water mill)
  • Stargardt ( Stargard Gubiński ), village, farm , watermill
  • Vettersfelde ( Witaszkowo ), village with two parts. One part belonged to the state rule Amtitz, the second part belonged to the rural manor Starzeddel.
  • Forest (Laski), village

supporting documents

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/16. Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (= overview of the holdings of the Brandenburg State Main Archives Potsdam, Part 1, Series of publications: Publications of the Brandenburg State Main Archives, Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 , pp. 541–542
  • Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 3, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855 ( online at Google Books )
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume VI: Guben district. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Manfred Dreiss, Neustadt an der Aisch 1999, ISBN 3-7686-4199-6 .
  • Rudolf Lehmann: The gentlemen in Lower Lusatia. Studies of origin and history. Böhlau, Cologne 1966 (= Central German Research , Volume 40), snippets from Google Books
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 2: The districts of Kottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b Winfried Töpler : The Neuzelle Monastery and the secular and spiritual powers 1268-1817. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-53-3 , snippet view on Google Books
  2. Heinrich August Pierer : Universal Lexicon, or complete encyclopedic dictionary. Volume 20: Slurping to Sicila. Literatur-Comptoir, Altenburg 1835, p. 85, online at Google Books
  3. Ernst von Schönfeldt: From ancient times. Contributions to the history of the old lords of Cottbus and Peitz. Published by E. Kühn, Cottbus 1887, p. 81
  4. ^ A b Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 3, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855, pp. 545-546, online at Google Books .
  5. ^ Johannes Sinapius : Silesian Curiosities. First presentation of the respectable families of the Silesian nobility. Volume 1. Self-published, Leipzig 1720, p. 153, online at Google Books
  6. ^ A b Johann Michael Heinze: Nekrolog Otto Baron von Schönaich, the singer Herrmanns. Der Neue Teutsche Merkur, Weimar 1808, pp. 208–215, online at Google Books
  7. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt an der Oder. Public Gazette as a supplement to No. 37, September 12, 1827, p. 266, online at Google Books
  8. ^ Genealogisches Reichs- und Staats-Handbuch for the year 1805. First part. Warrentrapp & Wenner, Frankfurt am Main 1805, p. 723, online at Google Books
  9. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the manors represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. Reinhold Kühn, Berlin 1857, p. 117, online at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf .
  10. Gothaischer genealogical court calendar together with diplomatic-statistical yearbook for the year 1867. Justus Perthes, Gotha: genealogical pocket book of the princely houses
  11. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz. Volume 3, Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1855, p. 547, online at Google Books .
  12. a b c d e f g h i j k Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. O. 1867, p. 86, online at Google Books
  13. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas . Verlag Klaus Gumnior, Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 .
  14. ^ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurth ad O. G. Hayn, Berlin 1820, p. 218.
  15. Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, p. 163, online at Google Books
  16. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. I. Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery to the province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 238–239.

Web links

Coordinates: 51 ° 52 '  N , 14 ° 49'  E