Wołów
| Wołów | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
| Basic data | |||
| State : | Poland | ||
| Voivodeship : | Lower Silesia | ||
| Powiat : | Wołów | ||
| Area : | 18.53 km² | ||
| Geographic location : | 51 ° 21 ' N , 16 ° 39' E | ||
| Height : | 108 m npm | ||
| Residents : | 12,373 (June 30, 2019) |
||
| Postal code : | 56-100 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+48) 71 | ||
| License plate : | DWL | ||
| Economy and Transport | |||
| Street : | Trzebnica - Ścinawa | ||
| Rail route : | PKP line 273: Breslau – Stettin | ||
| Next international airport : | Wroclaw | ||
| Gmina | |||
| Gminatype: | Urban and rural municipality | ||
| Gmina structure: | 11 localities | ||
| 37 school authorities | |||
| Surface: | 331.06 km² | ||
| Residents: | 22,443 (Jun. 30, 2019) |
||
| Population density : | 68 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Community number ( GUS ): | 0222033 | ||
| Administration (as of 2015) | |||
| Mayor : | Dariusz Chmura | ||
| Address: | Rynek 1 56-100 Wołów |
||
| Website : | www.wolow.pl | ||
Wołów [ ˈvɔwuf ] ( German Wohlau ) is a city in the western Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia . It is the seat of the Powiat Wołowski and has about 12,500 inhabitants.
geography
The city is located in Lower Silesia northeast of the Oder knee near the former Leubus monastery . In the western part of the Katzengebirge , 46 km northwest of Wroclaw , it is accessed by the railway line from Wroclaw via Rzepin ( Reppen ) to Berlin .
history
_ID_598556.jpg)
Wohlau is said to have had the status of a town as early as 1285. It belonged to the Duchy of Glogau and after its division in 1312 to the Duchy of Oels . With this it fell in 1329 as a fiefdom to the Crown of Bohemia , which came to the Habsburgs in 1526 . After the division of the Duchy of Oels in 1413, Wohlau was the seat of the Duchy of Wohlau . The name of the city is derived from the Polish word for bull or beef. In fact, the oldest preserved city seal from 1473 shows a bull , which can still be found in the city's coat of arms today.
Until 1675 Wohlau was the residence of the Silesian Piasts from Liegnitz - Brieg -Wohlau. After the First Silesian War , most of Silesia fell to Prussia . From 1816 Wohlau was the district town of the Wohlau district .
The small town had a district court, a gendarmerie school , a Protestant and a Catholic church, a municipal grammar school and some industry (weaving mill, brick kiln and steam mill).
Towards the end of the Second World War , Wohlau was taken by the Red Army in the spring of 1945 and soon afterwards was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power, along with almost all of Silesia . In the period that followed, the native German population was expelled .
The city suffered severe damage in 1945, but was rebuilt and expanded after the war.
Population development
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1875 | 3,084 | |
| 1880 | 3,090 | |
| 1890 | 2,433 | 1,584 Protestants, 733 Catholics, 56 Jews |
| 1905 | 5,311 | 1,716 Catholics, 42 Jews |
| 1933 | 6,614 | |
| 1939 | 7,404 |
local community
The urban and rural community of Wołów includes, in addition to the municipality, another 37 districts ( German names up to 1945 ) with a Schulzenamt:
- Boraszyn ( Borschen )
- Bolzano ( bushes )
- Dębno ( beautiful oak )
- Domaszków ( Dombsen )
- Garwół ( sheaves )
- Gliniany ( Gleinau )
- Golina ( Heidersdorf )
- Gródek ( Grottky , 1937–1945 Berghain )
- Krzydlina Mała ( Little Chalk )
- Krzydlina Wielka ( Large Chalk )
- Lipnica ( Leipnitz )
- Lubiąż ( Leubus )
- Łososiowice ( Losswitz )
- Mikorzyce ( Schönbrunn )
- Miłcz ( Arnsdorf )
- Moczydlnica Dworska ( Herrnmotschelnitz )
- Mojęcice ( Moon contactor )
- Nieszkowice ( Nisgawe , 1937–1945 Niederau )
- Pawłoszewo ( Pavelschöwe , 1937–1945 Paulshöhe )
- Pełczyn ( Polgsen )
- Piotroniowice ( Petranowitz , 1937–1945 Iseritztal )
- Prawików ( Praukau )
- Proszkowa ( Prosgawe , 1937–1945 Grafenstein )
- Rataje ( Rathau )
- Rudno ( Reudchen )
- Siodłkowice ( Schilkowitz , 1937–1945 Simonshöh )
- Sławowice ( Schlanowitz , 1937–1945 Föhrenwalde )
- Stary Wołów ( Old Wohlau )
- Stęszów ( Stanschen )
- Stobno ( rooms )
- Straszowice ( Niegsen )
- Tarchalice ( Tarxdorf )
- Uskorz Mały ( Klein Ausker )
- Uskorz Wielki ( Large Ausker )
- Warzęgowo ( Wersingawe , 1937–1945 Hohenau )
- Wrzosy ( Heidevorwerk )
- Zagórzyce ( Sagritz , 1937–1945 birch grove )
Other localities in the municipality without the Schulzenamt are: Biskupice ( Bischofsau ), Kąty ( edges ), Kłopotówka, Kretowice ( Mönchfurth ), Łazarzowice ( Lahserwitz ) - Pierusza ( Peru ), Smarków, Straża, Wodnica ( Wilhelmsthal ), Wróblewo ( Wilhelmsthal ) and Żychlin ( Zychline ).
Town twinning
- Buchholz in the Nordheide , Germany
- Hilden , Germany (sponsorship)
- Canteleu , France
sons and daughters of the town
- Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), astronomer
- Johann Heinrich Calisius (1633–1698), Protestant clergyman and hymn poet
- Christian Knorr von Rosenroth (1636–1689), poet, writer and composer
- Conrad von Hugo (1844–1911), general of the infantry
- Franz von Matuschka (1859–1943), German geologist and politician
- Bodo von Scriba (1863–1939), Lieutenant General
- Alexander Remus (1887–1964), General Staff Physician
- Oskar Müller (1896–1970), politician ( KPD ), Member of the Bundestag , Hessian State Minister for Labor and Welfare
- Heinz Hübner (1914–2006), legal scholar
- Ulrich Hübner (1942–2008), legal scholar
- Peter Gerlitz (1926–2013), pastor and religious scholar in Bremerhaven
- Friedrich Denk (* 1942), teacher and writer
Persons connected with Wohlau
- David Titius (1619–1679), Evangelical Lutheran preacher and theologian
literature
in order of appearance
- Johann Christian Köllner: Johann Christian Köllners, Pastor & Senior in Wolau Wolaviographia, or accurate description of the city Wolau In Schlesien . Richter, Budissin <this is Bautzen>, 2nd ed. 1728 ( digitized from the University of Münster).
- Richard Juhnke: Wohlau. History of the principality and the district . Holzner, Würzburg 1965.
- Hugo Weczerka (Hrsg.): Handbook of the historical places . Volume: Silesia (= Kröner's pocket edition . Volume 316). Kröner, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-520-31601-3 , pp. 569-571.
- Walter Schmidt : Wohlau 1848/49. A Silesian district town during the revolution. "Schlesischer Kreisbote", Wohlauer Political Association and Democratic Association of Guhrau. trafo Wissenschaftsverlag, Berlin 2017 (= Silesia. Silesia in the European reference field. Sources and research. Volume 17).
- Walter Schmidt: Memories of a German Historian. From Silesian Auras on the Oder via Vogtland Greiz and Thuringian Jena to Berlin. trafo Verlagsgruppe, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-86465-112-0 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
- ^ Website of the municipality, Burmistrz Gminy Wołów , accessed on February 7, 2015
- ^ Walter Schmidt : Johannes Halm (1893-1953). Resistance and persecution of the evangelical pastor from Auras / Oder in the period from 1933 to 1945. In: Fachprosafroschung - border crossing. Volume 8/9, 2012/2013 (2014), pp. 517-545, here: pp. 518 f.
- ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990.Wolau.html # ew39wohlwohlau. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Meyer's Great Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 20, Leipzig / Vienna 1909. pp. 714–715.
- ↑ The Genealogical Place Directory
- ↑ Dolny Śląsk - WOŁÓW - WOHLAU