Dominion Drehna

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Moated castle Fürstlich Drehna

The rule Drehna , mostly in the 19th century then Standesherrschaft Drehna called, was a small aristocracy in Luckauischen district of the Electorate of Saxony associated Markgrafschaft Niederlausitz . Since 1815 it belonged to the Kingdom of Prussia .

Geographical location

The domain of Drehna was in the west of Niederlausitz and today belongs to the Brandenburg districts of Dahme-Spreewald , Elbe-Elster and Oberspreewald-Lausitz . The rulership had its seat in Fürstlich Drehna .

Adjacent administrative units

Knighthood Luckau Knighthood Luckau Knighthood Calau
Dominion Sonnewalde Neighboring communities Office and knighthood Luckau
Dobrilugk Office Finsterwalde Office Dobrilugk Office

Political affiliation of the rulership

The lordship with its seat in Fürstlich Drehna was not documented until the middle of the 15th century and therefore relatively late. Drehna is still only called "Gut" in 1570, it was not until 1663 that the term "Herrschaft" appeared in official documents. In the state parliament of the "Estates Republic" Niederlausitz , the rule only received seats and votes from 1669, but then belonged to the "Herrenkuria".

In accordance with the provisions of the Peace of Prague in 1635 was Elector of Saxony with the Margrave shrines Upper and Lower Lausitz invested, which remained, however, territorial autonomous, with the Elector of Saxony in personal union also Margrave of Lusatia was and Margrave of Lower Lusatia. This condition remained valid until the peace treaty between Prussia and Saxony of May 18, 1815 as a result of the Congress of Vienna , with which Lower Lusatia and the north and east of Upper Lusatia fell to Prussia .

The rule Drehna came in the 19th century with the emerging district division politically to the Luckau district of the Prussian province of Brandenburg . During the district reform of 1952, this old district was dissolved and divided into the new districts of Luckau, Finsterwalde and Calau. The places of the former rule were distributed accordingly to these three districts. During the district reform of 1992/93 , they were added to (each with different districts) in the districts of Dahme-Spreewald , Elbe-Elster and Oberspreewald-Lausitz .

history

Early history

Drehna's older story is unclear. Some authors brought into the discussion that the curia Dannenrode (also Damerode ) mentioned in the lists of places from 1301 and 1336 was the German name for Drehna. Dannenrode / Damerode is no longer mentioned later. The first documented owner of the knight's seat in Drehna is Bernhard von Drauschwitz (and his brothers) in 1447 and 1449. In 1429, a murder was convicted in Lübben , which Berntt Druskwicz (Bern (har) d von Drauschwitz) had committed. According to a vassal list from January 4, 1447, Bernhard Druschwicz zu Meissaw ( Groß Mehßow ) was a Saxon vassal. In 1489 Drehna came into the possession of Christoph von Maltitz . The von Maltitz also had the rule of Finsterwalde as a pledge. Drehna probably came into the possession of the von Minckwitz family at the beginning of the 15th century . Hans von Minckwitz was enfeoffed in 1481 by the Saxon Duke Albrecht the Courageous with the rulership of Sonnewalde .

16th Century

In 1521 Kaspar I appears as the owner of Drehna. The Minckwitz brothers Georg and Nickel (* around 1485; † 1549) also owned the Sonnewalde estate and, from 1519 to 1531, the Finsterwalde estate (as an electoral fiefdom). The brothers were ardent supporters of the Reformation and in 1522 installed a Lutheran preacher in Sonnewalde . As early as 1530 they created their own church order. The reason for the documentary mention of 1521 was, however, a pledge of several villages of the rule, including "Deutsche Drenow" to Georg von Schlabrendorf, Johanniterherrenmeister in Brandenburg. The sons of Caspar I, Caspar II and Wolf von Minckwitz also had to pledge interest to the Brandenburg margrave Johann in 1549 . Caspar II ("on Drenow") was enfeoffed in 1555 by the Bishop of Lebus Johann VIII von Horneburg with Alteno (today part of the municipality of Duben, town of Luckau ). In 1567 or 1568 he also bought the Spremberg rule , which, however, passed to Karl von Kittlitz in 1584. On December 14, 1570, the sons of Caspar II, Caspar III, Hans Heinrich and Loth received "Schloss und Gut Drehno" as a Bohemian fiefdom from the hands of the governor of Lower Lusatia, Bohuslav Felix von Lobkowitz and Hassenstein . The Drehna estate included the castle including the Vorwerk with 19 Hufen, tree and hop gardens, mills to Waltersdorf, and the villages of "Dreno, Bergo, Bresinchen, Tugam, Schragko, Gölnitz and Baben". Allegedly, Caspar III. 1570 rebuilt the castle from scratch.

Division of power

In 1579 the rule was divided. Friedrich von Minckwitz (share 1) kept Drehna Castle and Gut Drehna with the Vorwerk, the villages Drehna, Bergen, Tugam, Schrakau, Babben, Erpitz and Garrenchen as well as the five pawned villages of the former Dobrilugk Monastery (Groß Bahren, Klein Bahren, Breitenau, Gröbitz and Ponnsdorf). Of these, Gröbitz and Ponnsdorf were sold in 1629 to the Saxon Elector , who initially transferred the two places to the Finsterwalde Office , and in 1689 to the Dobrilugk Office .

The younger of the two brothers, Ehrenfried von Minckwitz (share 2) received Presenchen, Gollmitz, Branicke , interest in Mallenchen and Gliechow, Pademagk, half of Jehser and shares in Gießmannsdorf and Säritz .

The partial rule of Hans Friedrich von Minckwitz (share 1) acquired Stiebsdorf (devastated) and Wanninchen until 1636 , but Erpitz and Garrenchen, who are not mentioned again, were lost. The share of the estate was transferred to Major General von Wolffersdorf. In 1654 Loth Gotthardt von Minckwitz auf Lindenau, a cousin of Hans Friedrich, succeeded in redeeming the pledge. He died childless in 1678. Heir was Caspar Ehrentreich von Minkwitz auf Malschitz, who finally sold the Drehna rule in 1697 for 82,000 Reichstaler and 500 species ducats to Count Balthasar Erdmann von Promnitz on Pless, Sorau and Triebel. The latter amount went to Katharina Elisabeth von Minckwitz, b. from Holzendorf. In the "Estates Republic" of Lower Lusatia , rulers had belonged to those entitled to sessions and to the "Herrenkuria" since the Landtag order of 1669.

18th century

Count Balthasar Erdmann von Promnitz died in 1703, heir was his son Friedrich von Promnitz. He sold the manor in 1709 to his mother Emilie Agnes geb. Princess von Reuss, who in 1711 married Duke Friedrich von Sachsen-Weißenfels for the second time . Together with her husband, they rebuilt and expanded the castle in Dahme / Mark , which was almost completed in 1714 after seven years of (re) construction. Friedrich died in 1715 and Agnes now moved to Dahme in the converted castle. In 1719 she sold Dahme Castle to Duke Johann Adolf II of Saxony-Weißenfels and moved back into Drehna Castle . In 1721 she bought the Vetschau estate . She died in 1729 and left the Drehna reign to her grandson Balthasar Friedrich. The reign of Vetschau, however, went to their eldest son, Count Erdmann, ruler of Sorau . Balthasar Friedrich died quite young in 1744 and Count Erdmann II also took over the rule of Drehna. Only a year later he also died and the Drehna and Vetschau family now went to their underage son Seifried von Promnitz. Until he came of age, his mother Henriette Eleonore von Reuss led the two dominions. Seifried married Wilhelmina Louise Constantia, Countess zu Lippe-Biesterfeld in 1754. He also died young and childless in 1760. The inheritance now went to the eldest brother Johann Erdmann, Herr auf Pleß, Sorau and Triebel, who, however, in favor of his sister Agnes Sophie, wife of Heinrich XXVIII. from Reuss. renounced. Agnes Sophie died in 1785 (or 1791?), And in 1793 her husband sold the estate to Count Moritz zu Lynar . This was the youngest son of Count Rochus Friedrich zu Lynar on the rule of Lübbenau .

19th century

Moritz zu Lynar "founded" the new princely line of the Lynar family. In 1806 he was raised to the rank of prince by Emperor Franz II . In 1815 his son Prince Rochus Otto Manderup Heinrich ( Otto ) (* 1793, † 1860) took over the rule of Drehna. Around 1850 the name Fürstlich Drehna also became established for the place. Otto appointed the wife of his son Alfred, Amalie Rosalie von Gollwitz, born in 1759, who died in 1759. Senger to heiress. Her second marriage was to Baron Ernst Julius von Eckardstein, to whom she had left Drehna as a purchase in 1861. In 1877, Baron von Eckardstein sold the Drehna estate to the Bremen shipowner and merchant Christian Heinrich Wätjen (Wätchen).

20th century

In 1887 the son Carl Wätjen took over the rule. He had married Gertrud Therese Ursula Dietze in 1884 and was taken over by Emperor Friedrich III in 1888 . raised to the hereditary nobility. His wife died in 1899 and in 1900 he married Elisabeth Helene Fanny von Löbenstein, the eldest daughter of the manor owner Robert von Löbenstein von Sallgast, as a second marriage. Carl von Wätjen died in 1928. In 1929 the widow married Rittmeister Robert Wallenberg-Pachaly on Illwisch (Breslau district) for the second time. When the Red Army marched in on April 20, 1945, she fled with her second husband, who was shot while trying to escape near Hohenbucko . She first came back to Fürstlich Drehna. She was then no longer allowed to live in the castle and then fled to Bremen . The property was expropriated in the 1946 land reform .

Associated villages

On December 14, 1570 Caspar I. von Minckwitz was enfeoffed with the Drehna rule. These included:

In addition, there were a few places in lien that the Dobrilugk Monastery had pledged to the Drehna lordship in 1534 :

  • Großbahren ( Groß Bahren ) (district of the city of Sonnewalde)
  • Kleinbahren ( Klein Bahren ) (district of the city of Sonnewalde)
  • Breitenau (district of the city of Sonnewalde)
  • Gröbitz (part of the community of Massen-Niederlausitz)
  • Ponnsdorf (district of the city of Sonnewalde)

In 1576 the Drehna lordship also had a Vorwerk with 13 Hufen in Bronkow (? Branicke ), in Babben a Vorwerk with 9 Hufen, Erpitz , and Zinsen in Mallenchen and Gliechow , Pademagk with Rittergut and Vorwerk and half of Groß Jehser .

1790 and 1856 belonged to the Drehna lordship: Drehna Castle and the estate, Fürstlich Drehna, the Vorwerk Babben, Groß Bahren and Klein Bahren, Breitenau, the Rittergut Gollmitz (since 1721), Rehain (since 1723), Schrakau, the Vorwerk Stiebsdorf, the Vorwerk Tugam, the leased Vorwerk Presenchen and Bergen. In the Drehna Forest there was also a tar smelter in operation.

In 1910, the lordship still included the Drehna castle area, the Gollmitz manor, the Babben, Stiebsdorf and Tugam farms and the Presenchen farm, totaling 4508 hectares.

supporting documents

literature

  • Wilhelm Jung and Willy Spatz: The art monuments of the Luckau district. Meisenbach Riffarth & Co, Berlin 1917.
  • Karlheinz Blaschke and Uwe Ulrich Jäschke: Kursächsischer Ämteratlas 1790. Verlag Klaus Gumnior, Chemnitz 2009.
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 1: Introduction and Overviews. The districts of Luckau, Lübben and Calau. Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Woldemar Lippert: Document book of the city of Lübben. III. Tape. The documents of the city and the office of Lübben, the lords of Zauche, Pretschen and Leuthen. 353 p., Dresden, Verlag der Wilhelm und Bertha v. Baensch Foundation 1933 (p. 110)
  2. ^ Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 Online at Google Books (p. 21)
  3. ↑ Winfried Töpler: The Neuzelle Monastery and the secular and spiritual powers 1268-1817. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3-931836-53-3 ( view on Google Books )
  4. ^ Carsten Preuß and Hiltrud Preuß: The manor houses and mansions in the Teltow-Fläming district. Lukas-Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 ( snippet view on Google Books )
  5. ^ Ernst Heinrich Kneschke : New general German nobility lexicon . Volume 6, p. 67 ( online at Google Books )
  6. ↑ The MAUS Society for Family Research e. V. Bremen  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.die-maus-bremen.de  
  7. ↑ Getting married on Fürstlich Drehna. The renovation to the castle hotel created many jobs
  8. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Geographical-Historical-Statistical Land Book of the Province of Brandenburg and the Margraviate of Niederlausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Volume 3. A. Müller, Brandenburg 1856 ( online at Google Books )

Web links