Calauian Circle

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The Calauische Kreis , also Calauer Kreis , was a district in the Saxon Lower Lusatia , which was in the 14./15. Century and existed in this form or shape until 1816. The main town of the district was the city of Calau . The former district area is now divided into the Brandenburg districts of Dahme-Spreewald , Spree-Neisse and Oberspreewald-Lausitz .

location

The Calauische Kreis was in the central part of Niederlausitz. To the west, the Luckau District , the Krumspree District to the north, the Brandenburg Cottbus District to the east and the Spremberg District to the south .

history

In Niederlausitz, the district began to develop in the 14th and 15th centuries. It was based on the old soft image constitution, i. H. the judicial districts of the cities entitled to civil status. The term Calauer Weichbild appears as early as 1336 and 1397 . In 1411 it then says: Men, knights and servants of the soft picture Calau. In 1449 the evolving administrative unit court and care was called Calau . In this administrative unit, the knighthood came together to form an association. Due to its economic primacy and the fact that Calau was in sovereign possession, Calau became a county seat. In the 17th century, the formation of a district in Niederlausitz was already complete. In the Secondary Principality of Saxony-Merseburg , which came into the possession of Niederlausitz in 1657, there were five districts: the Gubenische Kreis (Gubenscher Kreis or Gubener Kreis), the Luckauische Kreis (or Luckauer Kreis), the Krumspreeische Kreis (or Lübbener Kreis), the small one Sprembergische Kreis (or Spremberger Kreis) and the Calauische Kreis (or Calauer Kreis).

In the 17th century, a district administration had already formed in each of the districts, which elected a state elder since 1634, and since 1640 state deputies. In Guben and Luckau a state elder was elected from the bourgeoisie. According to Römer, in 1719 a state elder from the knighthood in the Luckau, Guben and Calau districts received 200 thalers in the year, and 260 thalers in the Krumspree and Spremberg districts. The state elder from the middle classes of the cities of Guben and Luckau received only 120 thalers.

The knighthood dominated in the Calauic district, while the city of Calau could only acquire a small territory. The only major rule, later called the class rule , was the rule of Lübbenau .

In 1790 the Calauische Kreis had 17,459 inhabitants. For 1809, Pölitz gives a population of 22,000 for the Calauische Kreis.

The Calauische Kreis survived the occupation of Niederlausitz by Prussia in 1815 only for a short time. As early as 1816, a kind of land consolidation took place in which the previous patchwork of the Lower Lusatian districts with numerous ex- and enclaves had to give way to new districts, each with the old district towns. The Calau district was united with the Senftenberg lordship and received all enclaves of other districts in its area, but also had to give up all enclaves that were in other districts to these districts.

Associated places

State elder

  • 1637 to 1643 Otto Heinrich von Stutterheim on Ogrosen and Bolschwitz, state elder of the Calauische Kreis

Noble elders of the Calau district:

  • 1649–1665 Johann Siegmund zu Lynar , Lübbenau, district judge
  • 1649/1650 Kaspar von Zabeltitz, Casel
  • 1665–1669 Christian von Klitzingk, Lipten, Obristwachtmeister, † 1669
  • 1669–1692 Hans Hieronymus von Luck, Kausche, † 1692
  • 1692–1696 Friedrich Wilhelm von Hoym, Kittlitz, † 1696
  • 1697–1716 Christian Heinrich von Knoch, Pritzen, major general, † 18/28. January 1716
  • 1716–1720 Siegmund Seyfried von Köckritz, Cunersdorf
  • 1721–1756 Christian Ernst von Knoch, Pritzen and Drochow, † January 4, 1756
  • 1756–1759 Siegmund Ernst von Zschertwitz, Briesen, † April 30, 1759
  • 1759–1768 Christian Wilhelm Karl von Stutterheim , Ogrosen, chamberlain
  • 1769–1800 Wilhelm Leopold von Muschwitz, Lipten etc., † February 5, 1801
  • 1800–1818 Heinrich Adolf Gustav Freiherr von Thermo, Lipten, since 1816: Prussian district administrator, † December 12, 1835

State Deputy

State Deputy of the Calau District:

  • 1666–1669 Hans Hieronymus von Luck, thimble
  • 1669–1680 Christian Dietrich von Schlieben , Vetschau, † 1680
  • 1681–1682 Bertram von Klitzing, Lipten, † 1682
  • 1682–1692 Friedrich Wilhelm von Hoym, Kittlitz
  • 1692–1698 Kaspar Erdmann von Klitzingk, Seese
  • 1698–1716 Siegmund Seyfried von Köckritz, Kunersdorf
  • 1716–1717 Joachim Henning von Seyffertitz, Nebendorf, captain
  • 1717–1721 Johann August von Minckwitz, Rehnsdorf
  • 1721–1730 Christoph Dietrich von Raschkau, Redlitz and Settinchen
  • 1730–1743 Kaspar Heinrich von Wiedebach, Steinitz
  • 1743–1756 Siegmund Ernst von Zschertwitz, Briesen
  • 1756–1760 Karl Heinrich von Berge, Lugk
  • 1760–1769 Wilhelm Leopold von Muschwitz, Lipten
  • 1769–1786 Moritz Ludwig von Oppen, Kückebusch, † December 29, 1786
  • 1787–1792 Gottlob Siegmund von Stutterheim, Terpt, lieutenant, † April 30, 1792
  • 1792–1800 Heinrich Adolf Gustav von Thermo, Lipten
  • 1801–1815 Andreas von Arenstorff, Drebkau, lieutenant colonel
  • 1814–1815 Karl Ernst von Mosch, Reuden, district commissioner
  • 1816–1831 Karl August von Winckler, Luckaitz, † May 5, 1841
  • 1832–1862 Wolf Anton von Stutterheim, Terpt, Major a. D., † May 8, 1862

literature

  • Friedrich Beck , Lieselott Enders , Heinz Braun (with the assistance of Margot Beck, Barbara Merker): Authorities and institutions in the territories of Kurmark, Neumark, Niederlausitz until 1808/1816. Böhlau, Weimar 1964 (= overview of the holdings of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Potsdam , part 1 series: Publications of the Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv , Volume 4), ISSN  0435-5946 (in the following abbreviated to Beck, authorities with corresponding page number)
  • Karlheinz Blaschke & Uwe Ulrich Jäschke: Kursächsischer Ämteratlas 1790. Verlag Klaus Gumnior, Chemnitz 2009.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Third and last volume. Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. Maurer, Berlin 1809 Online at Google Books
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume IV Calau District Part I. Verlag Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 1988, ISBN 3-7686-4120-1 , p. 653
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald: The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume IV Calau District Part 2. Verlag Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 1992, ISBN 3-7686-4120-1 , p. 728 (Houwald, Rittergüter, Vol. 4/2 Calau, abbreviated below, with corresponding page number)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 1: Introduction and Overviews. The districts of Luckau, Lübben and Calau. Hessian State Office for Historical Regional Studies, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921254-96-5 , pp. 153, 180
  • Carl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz: history, statistics a. Earth description of the Kingdom of Saxony. Leipzig 1810 (in the following abbreviated Pölitz, history with corresponding page number)
  • Johann Christian Edler von Schmidt: Chronicle of the Creyß-Stadt Calau in Marggrafthum Nieder-Lausitz together with its statutes, recesses, privileges and other old documents. Johann Michael Driemel, Lübben 1758, online at Google Books

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Beck, authorities, pp. 525/26.
  2. ^ JF Merbach: History of the district town of Calau, in the Markgrafthum Niederlausitz. Volume 1, Online at Google Books , p. 213.
  3. ^ Carl Heinrich von Römer: Constitutional law and statistics of the Electorate of Saxony and the lands located there. Volume 3, Verlag der Kühnesche Buchhandlung, Wittenberg 1792, online at Google Books , p. 86.
  4. ↑ Christian August Peschek: Table of all consumers found in the Markgrafthum N. Lausitz in 1790. Lausizische Monatsschrift, 2: 380–381, 1791 Online at Google Books , p. 381.
  5. ↑ Pölitz, Geschichte, p. 376
  6. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt an der Oder. Official Gazette No. 12 of March 20, 1816, p. 108, online at Google Books
  7. ↑ Continuation of the general historical lexici, in it different kaysers, kings, electors, princes, famous heroes, ministers and clergy in the same several hundred counts, barons, nobles and other families, like no less many Heydnian gods, knight orders, monasteries, cities, castles , Flüsse, uss Thomas Fritsch, Frankfurt 1714, online at Google Books , p. 438.
  8. ^ Houwald, Rittergüter, Vol. 4/2 Calau, p. 226.
  9. ^ Martin Stahn : The Lower Lusatian State Archives in Lübben. Brandenburger Provinzialdruckerei, Strausberg [1939], pp. 370 - 371
  10. ^ Martin Stahn : The Lower Lusatian State Archives in Lübben. Brandenburger Provinzialdruckerei, Strausberg [1939], p. 373