Zinnitz

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City of Calau
Coordinates: 51 ° 47 ′ 44 ″  N , 13 ° 51 ′ 15 ″  E
Height : 66 m above sea level NHN
Area : 31.94 km²
Residents : 281  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 9 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 03205
Area code : 035439
Zinnitz Castle (Photo: 2009)

Zinnitz , Synjeńce in Lower Sorbian , is a district of the city of Calau in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district in southern Brandenburg . Together with the district Bathow this formed the community Zinnitz until December 31, 2001.

geography

Zinnitz is located in Niederlausitz in the Niederlausitzer Landücken Nature Park, northwest of the Lausitz border wall and south of the Spreewald . To the northwest of the village lies the Luckau district of Schlabendorf am See with the Schlabendorfer See and finally the town of Luckau , which is part of the Dahme-Spreewald district. To the northeast follows the former Schlabendorf-Nord opencast mine and the Lübbenau district of Kittlitz with its districts of Lichtenau and Schönfeld and finally Lübbenau / Spreewald . Junction 12 (Calau) of BAB 13 is to the east between Zinnitz and the Bathow district . To the south-east is the Calau district of Groß Jehser with Mallenchen and Erpitz , to the east the Zinnitz district of Bathow, the former Seese-West opencast mine and the Calau district of Buckow and the city of Calau follow . To the south is the former Schlabendorf-Süd opencast mine , followed by the Fürstlich Drehna district of Luckau , which also belongs to the Dahme-Spree district and further south is the Crinitz community in the Kleine Elster (Niederlausitz) district , which belongs to the Elbe-Elster district.

The municipality of Bathow (Batowk) belongs to Zinnitz .

history

Local history

Early and modern times

According to Heinrich Berghaus , Zinnitz is "one of those places in Lower Lusatia that are mentioned earliest in history, as early as the 11th century in the Chronico of Bishop Dithmar von Merseburg as one of the country's permanent castles". The village with the manor "Ciani, Zizani or Sciciani" is said to have been the residence of the Polish Duke Bolesław I for a time and is also said to have been the starting point of a fruitless attack on the German army moving to Poland in 1014. However, more recent research seems to refute Berghaus' statements or to relativize them to the effect that today's Zinnitz is not supposed to have been the location of those events. Rather, archaeologically documented remains of a larger Slavic castle wall have been found 2 km away from Zinnitz not far from the former village of Presenchen (south of the Luckau district of Schlabendorf ), the dendrodata of which refer to the time periods in question

Wappenstein (Photo: 2009)

Around 1255 the family v. Appeared with a Gebhard. Cynnitz in Lower Lusatia. This letter from Doberlugk Monastery is considered to be the earliest written record of the place. This means that Zinnitz is probably older than the town of Calau , whose district it is today. On August 3, 1301, Margrave Dietrich the Younger sold the Lausitz region to Archbishop Burchard of Magdeburg , including the “curia Zcinnitz” among the farms belonging to it.

In the centuries that followed, the Zinnitz manor was privately owned by the von Buxtorff, von Goerner , von Mühlenfels, von Rohr, Heintze, von Beeren, von Berge, von Trosky, des Granges, zu Lynar and von Patow families. It brought out famous personalities, of which Dietrich III. von Bocksdorf (Bishop of Naumburg) and Pauline Countess von Nostitz (writer and researcher) should be mentioned.

Anna Margareta Burmeister was also born in Zinnitz, who in a witch trial initiated by August the Strong of Saxony (1670–1733) in Dresden together with Ursula Margarethe von Neitschütz, née. von Haugwitz , the mother of Magdalena Sibylla von Neitschütz , stood trial in 1695. Both are to the Saxon Elector Johann Georg III. (1647–1691) murdered and his successor Johann Georg IV. (1668–1694) bewitched by magic.

The Castle Zinnitz was also residence of Philipp Ludwig Sigismund Bouton des Granges (the first chief of the Prussian military police regiment) and Robert of Patow (Prussian Minister of Finance), both essential have contributed to its current structural shape.

20th century

In 1917/18 Ilse Bergbau AG began to be interested in the site, but the coal mining era did not begin until many years later. In 1929 the Deutsche Reichsbahn-Gesellschaft bought the estate. The same company began building the Reichsautobahn in the following years .

From 1939 to 1944 Zinnitz was a location of the Reich Labor Service ( National Socialist labor maiden camp in the castle). After the turmoil at the end of the war, the castle and children's home became refugee homes. The number of inhabitants increased significantly as a result.

On July 1, 1950, the previously independent municipality of Pademack was incorporated.

In the GDR era, Zinnitz was initially a school location , and later also the seat of an agricultural production cooperative .

Open-cast lignite mining began on a large scale in the 1960s . There were three open-cast mining fields around the village: Seese-West , Schlabendorf-Nord and Schlabendorf-Süd . As a result, extensive daytime facilities with many jobs were created south of the town . On the other hand, the surrounding area was severely affected by the opencast mines: The groundwater level sank dramatically, trees died, and districts disappeared (see also the list of abandoned locations in the Lausitz coal area ). All three former opencast mines have been under recultivation since the early 1990s . Since then, a number of large recreational lakes have been created north and west of Zinnitz.

On December 31, 2001, Zinnitz (with the district Bathow ) was incorporated into the town of Calau together with Buckow, Craupe , Groß Jehser and Gollmitz .

Population development

Population development in Zinnitz from 1875 to 2000
year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents
1875 321 1933 288 1964 497 1989 301 1993 301 1997 321
1890 285 1939 272 1971 452 1990 308 1994 297 1998 327
1910 293 1946 464 1981 334 1991 300 1995 310 1999 343
1925 280 1950 676 1985 333 1992 306 1996 322 2000 347
Village church from 1818; the spire comes from a renovation around 1900

Sightseeing and tourism

Economy and Infrastructure

As early as the Middle Ages, the trunk road from Hamburg to Breslau ran through Luckau, Schlabendorf and Zinnitz from northwest to southeast. With the development of the railway, this road lost its old importance for long-distance traffic.

In the 1930s, the route of today's Federal Motorway 13 was built , which connects Berlin in the north with Dresden in the south and received the Calau junction between Zinnitz and Bathow . As a result, Zinnitz has very good national road traffic connections, but also to the nearby Spreewald .

Today there is an architecture office , a car workshop with a car paint shop , a courier service , the Zinnitz volunteer fire brigade , a community center and a day care center .

Personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 17, 2020.
  2. ^ A b Heinrich Berghaus , Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Margrafenthums Niederlausitz, Volume 3, Brandenburg, 1856, p. 574 f.
  3. ↑ Helmut Jentsch, local researcher, Zinnitz
  4. ↑ a b Diehnel Ch., Chronicle of the community of Zinnitz with Bathow, Groß Jehser, 1995
  5. ↑ Joachim Henning and Alexander T. Ruttkay, early medieval castle building in Central and Eastern Europe, Bonn, 1998, p. 9–29, illus. P. 11
  6. ↑ Joachim Henning : New Castles in the East: Places of action and history of the events of Heinrich II's Polish trains in the archaeological and dendrochronological findings. In: Achim Hubel , Bernd Schneidmüller (Ed.): Departure into the second millennium. Innovation and continuity in the middle of the Middle Ages (= Middle Ages research. Vol. 16). Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2004, ISBN 3-7995-4267-1 , pp. 151-181, here p. 166.
  7. ^ Worbs , 1834: 19, No. 48
  8. ↑ a b Houwald, Götz Freiherr von , The Niederlausitzer Rittergüter and their owners, 1992, p. 606 ff.
  9. ↑ Manfred Wilde , The sorcery and witch trials in Kursachsen , Cologne, 2003, p. 261 ff.
  10. ↑ Houwald, Götz Freiherr von , The Niederlausitzer Rittergüter and their owners, 1992, p. 632
  11. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
  12. ↑ Brandenburg Statistics (PDF)

Web links

Commons : Zinnitz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files