Muckwar

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Muckwar
community Luckaitztal
Coordinates: 51 ° 41 ′ 5 ″  N , 14 ° 1 ′ 31 ″  E
Height : 84 m above sea level NHN
Area : 6.17 km²
Residents : 162  (December 31, 2016)
Population density : 26 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : March 31, 2002
Postal code : 03229
Area code : 035434
Farm building of the former manor
Farm building of the former manor

Muckwar ( Mukwaŕ in Lower Sorbian ) is a place in the Oberspreewald-Lausitz district in southern Brandenburg . It belongs to the municipality of Luckaitztal in the Altdöbern district and was an independent municipality until it was incorporated on March 31, 2002.

location

Muckwar is located in Niederlausitz in the Niederlausitzer Landücken nature park . To the north of Muckwar are the Altdöbern district of Ranzow and the district of Ogrosen of Vetschau / Spreewald . Further districts of Altdöbern Reddern and Peitzendorf follow in the east . In the south and south-west is Schöllnitz with its localities Rettchensdorf and Neudöbern . Schöllnitz, like Gosda, which follows further to the west, with its locations Zwietow and Weißag , is a district of Luckaitztal. The district of Buchwäldchen is located in the northwest .

Muckwar includes the Alte Försterei (formerly Marienfasanerie) and bean mill. The now desolate village of Berlinchen was also in the district . The place is located on Vetschauer Mühlenfließ , Muckwarer Dorfgraben and Muckwar-Redderner Graben ; the Bohnenmühle settlement is on the Peitzendorfer Feldgraben . The Buchwäldchen-Muckwar pond landscape to the west of the village has been a nature reserve in the state of Brandenburg since January 16, 1997 . The Liehracksteich and the Schenkenteich are right there .

history

etymology

There are two variants for the interpretation of the place name. According to one, the name is said to be derived from the Sorbian word Mokwjahs and mean wet village , as the place was built on a body of water. The other variant derives the name from the Sorbian muka for flour and waris for cooking. Most linguists consider the latter variant to be more likely. In 1346 the place name was Mugkwa and in 1527 Mugkaw . In 1543 the place was called Muckowar , the current form appeared for the first time in 1782. The Sorbian place name Mukwaŕ was mentioned in 1843.

Local history

Historic fire station (built 1933); the new tool shed is in the manor barn

The manor Muckwar was built between the years 1000 and 1200. In 1346 the village was first mentioned as Mugkwa . In addition to the manor house, the manor also included side rooms such as barns, stables and mud houses for day laborers. Today the manor house is used as a residential building. When it was first mentioned, Muckwar belonged to the Lower Lusatia margravate and was thus part of the Bohemian crown lands until the place became part of the Electorate of Saxony after the Peace of Prague in 1635 . Muckwar Manor was set on fire in 1643 during the Thirty Years War . Since the fire also spread to neighboring buildings, almost the entire village was destroyed, and at least one child died.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Muckwar was acquired by the von Köckritz family. During the Seven Years' War , the place was attacked and sacked by Prussian troops on September 7, 1759. The following year Muckwar was affected by an animal disease . The village is listed as Mouquar in the Schmettauschen map series from 1767/87 . 1774 lived 16 kossa in the place. At the beginning of the 19th century there were 15 houses with 80 inhabitants in Muckwar, seven of the households were each housekeeper and seven gardeners as well as a desert. The estate was subordinate to the manor Altdöbern. The place also belonged to Altdöbern in church. From 1806 Muckwar belonged to the newly formed Kingdom of Saxony . As a result of the Congress of Vienna , the Kingdom of Saxony was divided and the Calauische Kreis became part of the Kingdom of Prussia . In the following year the district was dissolved and Muckwar came to the newly founded district of Calau in the administrative district of Frankfurt in the province of Brandenburg .

Tourist information board in Muckwar

In the middle of the 19th century, the Muckwar manor had an area of ​​2232 acres and an estimate of 800 guilders to give to the feudal lords. Together with the manor Wüstenhain , Muckwar had to provide a horse if necessary. The inhabitants lived from agriculture and carp farming. According to the topographical-statistical overview from 1844, the Muckwar manor included a colony and a sheep farm at that time. The place had 31 houses and 174 inhabitants. For the year 1852 195 inhabitants are counted in Muckwar, the water mills Bohnenmühle (wrongly listed here as tree mills) and Lehracksmühle , which belong to the municipality , had four and ten inhabitants respectively. At this time a Mr. Keyling, who was also the landlord of several other surrounding villages, was recorded as the owner of Gut Muckwar. In 1867 the rural community Muckwar had a total of 171 inhabitants, 164 of them in Muckwar. In addition to the place, the settlements Bohnenmühle with two residents and Lehracksmühle with five residents belonged.

Town center

At the census of December 1, 1871, the population of the rural community Muckwar was made up as follows: There were 25 families in the village, of the 132 inhabitants 67 were male and 65 female. 40 residents were children under ten years of age and all residents were of the Evangelical Lutheran denomination. 10 families and a total of 51 residents (24 male and 27 female) lived in the manor district, nine of whom were children under ten years of age. In 1875 Muckwar had 175 inhabitants. In 1877, Rudolf Virchow led excavations on a boulder. Shards of urns were found in the Museum of Early History in Potsdam . With his excavations Virchow wanted to prove that the foundling was a sacrificial stone or a place of worship. Some urn fragments, which indicate a burial, were recovered, which are kept in the Museum of Early History in Potsdam. In the census of December 1, 1910, there were 228 inhabitants in the rural community of Muckwar and 51 in the manor district of the same name.

By 1914 the Muckwar estate had a total area of ​​564 hectares. The area consisted mostly of forest with 267 hectares and arable land with 209 hectares. The rest were meadows, bodies of water and paths. A brick factory also belonged to the estate. At that time Muckwar was leased from a Rudolf Gleuck. The nearest post office was in Altdöbern. In 1917 the volunteer fire brigade was founded. With the dissolution of the manor districts in Prussia on September 30, 1928, the manor district Muckwar was incorporated into the rural community. In 1933 Muckwar had 256 inhabitants. The Muckwar estate was most recently owned by Heinrich Graf von Witzleben-Alt-Doebern , which was expropriated after the end of the Second World War .

In the Soviet occupation zone and from 1949 in the GDR, Muckwar continued to belong to the Calau district, which was renamed Senftenberg district in 1950 and dissolved during the GDR district reform on July 25, 1952. Since then Muckwar has belonged to the Calau district in the Cottbus district . On April 1, 1970, a daycare center was set up in Muckwar , and it still exists today. After reunification , Muckwar was in the Calau district in Brandenburg; on October 1, 1992, the community merged with thirteen other communities to form the Altdöbern district. The district of Calau merged with the district reform in December 1993 in the new district of Oberspreewald-Lausitz. On March 31, 2002, Muckwar merged with the municipalities of Buchwäldchen, Schöllnitz and Gosda to form the municipality of Luckaitztal.

Population development

Population development in Muckwar from 1875 to 2001
year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents year Residents
1875 172 1933 256 1964 211 1989 137 1993 153 1997 149 2001 159
1890 178 1939 245 1971 210 1990 143 1994 160 1998 155
1910 279 1946 293 1981 177 1991 152 1995 157 1999 160
1925 295 1950 305 1985 155 1992 155 1996 151 2000 164

Culture and sights

War memorial
  • In the place there is a memorial for the fallen of the First and Second World Wars .
  • On the way to Neudöbern is the sacrificial stone, which is also called Luttchenstein . The stone has a volume of 4.5 cubic meters. It is believed that it was partially destroyed because it has hardly any rounded shapes and drill holes.

Economy and Infrastructure

State road 53 runs through the village between Calau and Altdöbern, and the connecting road to Ranzow branches off in the center of the village. In the northern part of Muckwar, district road 6621 branches off to Buchwäldchen. The Bronkow junction on Autobahn 13 is around twelve kilometers west of Muckwar.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 17, 2020.
  2. ↑ Arnost Muka : Serbski zemjepisny słowničk. Nakł. Maćica Serbska, Budyšin 1927, p. 101 ( online ).
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler : The place names of Niederlausitz. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1975, p. 80.
  4. ↑ On the trail of the Sorbian settlers. Lausitzer Rundschau, May 2, 2005, accessed on June 16, 2020.
  5. ^ Siegfried Körner: Book of place names in Niederlausitz: Studies on the toponymy of the districts of Beekow, Calau, Cottbus, Eisenhüttenstadt, Finstewalde, Forst, Guben, Lübben, Luckau, and Spremberg. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1993, p. 195.
  6. ^ Chronicle of the FF Muckwar. Muckwar Volunteer Fire Brigade, accessed June 13, 2020.
  7. ↑ CG Th. Neumann: New Lusatian Magazine. Volume 30, Upper Lusatian Society of Sciences, Görlitz 1853, p. 166f.
  8. ↑ August Schumann: Complete state, post and newspaper encyclopedia of Saxony, Vol. 6. Lohmen to Neudörfchen. Gebr. Schumann, Zwickau 1819 Online at Google Books , p. 576
  9. ^ Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Niederlausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Becker, Potsdam / Brandenburg 1856, p. 572 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844 Online at Google Books , p. 27.
  11. ↑ Topographical overview of the appellate court department Frankfurt a / O. Publishing house by Gustav Harnecker u. Co. 1856, p. 124 ( online ).
  12. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867 Online at Google Books , p. 30.
  13. ↑ Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 210f., No. 96 ( online ), and pp. 216f., No. 219 ( online ).
  14. ↑ Municipal directory Germany 1900. District of Calau. In: gemeindeververzeichnis.de , accessed on June 13, 2020.
  15. ^ Ernst Seyfert (ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. Becker, Potsdam 1914/2014, p. 224 ( online ).
  16. ^ A Lüttchenhaus for lute people. Lausitzer Rundschau, September 7, 2010, accessed on June 16, 2020.
  17. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2002
  18. ↑ Historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. (PDF; 331 KB) District Oberspreewald-Lausitz. State Office for Data Processing and Statistics State of Brandenburg, December 2006, accessed on June 16, 2020 .

Web links

Commons : Muckwar  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files