Dahme Castle
The Castle Dahme is a ruined castle in Dahme / Mark , a town in the district of Teltow-Fläming in the state of Brandenburg . The formerly important baroque complex was built in 1713/1714, including older components, under the direction of Johann Christoph Schütze as a representative secondary residence for the dukes of Saxony-Weißenfels .
location
The castle ruins were built northeast of the old town. The approximately circular area with a surrounding castle park is bounded in the north and northeast by the street Nordhag , in the south by the Geschwister-Scholl-Straße and in the west by the street Am Schloss . The building stands on a slightly elevated plot of land that is enclosed with a fence .
history
Dahme first appeared in 1186 as the center of a castle district with which Archbishop Wichmann of Magdeburg expanded his rule of Jüterbog . In their work Die Guts- und Herrenhäuser in the Teltow-Fläming district, Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß assume that the favorable location on the salt road to Silesia and a ford on the Dahme led to the decision for this location. Wichmann enfeoffed the gentlemen von Dahme with the property, which they gradually expanded. After they died childless in 1405, the Dahme office and the castle were leased again. Under the governor Lippold von Klitzing , the castle was extended by a north wing. After the Peace of Prague in 1635 and the death of Elector Johann Georg I , Dahme became a Wittum . Duke Friedrich took office in 1707, but ruled mainly from Zerbst and Barby . After he married Emilie Agnes Reuss zu Schleiz in 1711 at Schloss Fürstlich Drehna , he had the castle expanded into his palace in the years 1713 to 1714. Shortly afterwards Friedrich died in 1715 and Johann Adolf II took over the town and castle and from 1719 moved his center of life to Dahme. Under the direction of Schützes, numerous renovations were carried out on the castle in the summer of 1721, under a cavalier's house added to the north and south . This resulted in a building ensemble around the courtyard that was roughly in the shape of a horseshoe . In the middle there was a post-milestone pillar of the Kursächsische Postmeile that had been moved there from the main road in Dahme. After the death of Johann's wife in 1725, he left Dahme for a short time to return to the castle after remarrying in 1734. In the meantime, the work continued in 1729/1730 with the erection of a central projection below a tower, which was decorated with an electoral hat .
The southern cavalier's house was demolished at the beginning of the 19th century. During the Wars of Liberation , the castle partially served as a hospital. After Dahme came to Prussia in the course of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 , most of the castle's inventory was auctioned. Even individual parts of the castle, including the already mentioned Kurhut, came to the town's local museum. The building was sold and found different owners. The Berlin banker Schulze is known from 1826 . In the 1830s, numerous paintings came to the royal court in Berlin, including up to 41 oil paintings to the Berlin court marshal's office . In 1873 the castle came into the possession of the city for 72,000 marks and from then on served as a museum and school. In the course of this new use, renovations were carried out between 1878 and 1880.
The structure was not damaged in World War II . However, renovation work began on the south wing in the 1940s, which were discontinued by the war in 1943. The construction site was secured; the south wing received an emergency roof. During the GDR era , the building was to be converted into a cultural center. For this purpose, workers removed the roof structure and some false ceilings in the 1950s. However, the work was not carried out consistently and, according to the Brandenburg State Office for the Preservation of Monuments and State Archaeological Museum (BLDAM), “stopped on political instructions in 1958”. So the building deteriorated further. Discussions began about demolishing the building.
Only after the fall of the Wall in 1995 was a steel construction added to stabilize the central projectile with its baroque entrance area. At the end of the 1990s, the wall crowns were secured, the statics of the building examined in detail and stabilized if necessary. The rooms above ground were roofed over in such a way that the external appearance was not significantly changed. For this purpose, urban wood was used, from which a roof structure was created using plank trusses . The structure was made accessible again by means of steel scaffolding and playpen. The ruin secured in this way was opened to the public in August 2005.
Building description
The structure essentially consists of a three-and- a- half- storey central building, which is adjoined by two side wings. They are connected to the main building at an obtuse angle and are only two storeys high. The middle section is six axes wide, the left side wing eight, the right five axes wide. The middle building is provided with a square plaster on the lower floor. Above each rise two columns arranged in pairs, which were supplemented by pilaster strips on the outside . Above is the large central projection with a high tower tower. Only the corners of the side wings were provided with ashlar plaster. Cornices visually separate the individual floors from one another. Both side wings carried a simple gable roof towards the front , which is no longer available in the 21st century.
Schütze succeeded in combining the existing structure with new extensions and extensions. The core of the south wing was built in the first half of the 16th century, while the north wing was probably built by Klitzing between 1545 and 1561. Below is a barrel vaulted cellar and two ribbed vaulted ground floor rooms. The symmetrical staircases at the rear and the central building with risalit were built under Schütze.
Castle Park
To the north-east of the building is a castle park, which was probably laid out in the middle of the 16th century. It is certain that the von Klitzing family had a garden laid out. Leopold von Klitzing had a swamp drained that had been created by the lowland of the Dahme . Experts suspect that it must have been primarily a kitchen garden: the invoice for three bushels of barley seeds from 1595 has come down to us. Fish farming was carried out in the surrounding ditch and a pond. The kitchen garden was expanded to include a tree nursery at the beginning of the 17th century. Over time, the garden developed into a palace and pleasure garden. At the time of the Duchy of Saxony-Weißenfels it became a baroque garden with star-shaped paths, sculptures, vases and flower beds . A pond with an island and an orangery were created in the pleasure garden . From Weissenfels were vines introduced cultured on a part of the castle wall. A pleasure house (burnt down in 1734), a Swiss house and a pavilion were also built. After 1746, maintenance apparently decreased, as documents that have been handed down to us have criticized the ponds from being shed. The new Prussian owners had the site restored and made it accessible to the public for the first time. After the city acquired the castle and with it the park in 1873, the Schweizerhaus was demolished and the garden land partially parceled out and leased to citizens. Around 1900 the park areas were rebuilt, which also included an enclosure for fallow deer . During the First World War , the park was divided into 45 parcels and leased as a garden. In 1924 the city canceled the contracts and merged the parking areas in an English landscaped garden. An animal enclosure was built in the 1950s; In the mid-1990s, the moat, in which the fallow deer enclosure was relocated, was renovated. Since 2005 a part of the Fläming-Skate has been running through the park. In 2010 the forecourt in front of the palace was redesigned.
literature
- Georg Dehio (arr. Gerhard Vinken et al.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 .
- Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß: The manor houses and manor houses in the Teltow-Fläming district. Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte, 1st edition, November 29, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , p. 244
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 52 ′ 20.3 " N , 13 ° 25 ′ 53.3" E