Horno (Jänschwalde)

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Overview map of the disappeared village of Horno
Excavators tear down the former houses
The former department store in Horno
KAP aerial view at the level of the cemetery with a view to the northeast towards the center of Horno (Forst (Lausitz)) in November 2013
Church in Horno (Forst (Lausitz))

Horno , Rogow in Lower Sorbian , was a village in the Spree-Neisse district in Niederlausitz , Brandenburg, with predominantly Sorbian inhabitants. It was in the area of ​​the Jänschwalde open-cast lignite mine and had to give way to the open-cast mine in 2004. Most of the residents moved to Neu-Horno in the area of ​​the town of Forst (Lausitz) .

history

Due to a resolution of the Cottbus district council in 1977, Horno was intended to be devastated . One of the consequences of this was that no more permits were issued for the construction of new buildings. From 1977 until the reunification of Germany, the residents of Horno protested against the resettlement and excavation of Horno under the observation of the Ministry for State Security of the GDR . However, even after reunification, some proven procedural errors and various court judgments against incorporations and expropriations could not stop the lignite opencast mining. Horno was a village with mostly Sorbian inhabitants. This played a role in the attempts to preserve the place. Among other things, attempts were made to preserve the village via the state parliament.

The local area was incorporated into Jänschwalde on July 1, 1998 .

At the end of 1999 around 350 people were still living in Horno, in mid-2004 only Werner and Ursula Domain were left. On June 9, 2004, the Brandenburg State Mining Authority approved the transfer of the couple's house and garden property to Vattenfall Europe Mining AG . The couple then sued the expropriation before the Cottbus Administrative Court. At the beginning of November 2005 it reached a settlement with Vattenfall in order to forestall an impending eviction . The graves of the relatives of this couple were forcibly transferred in 2004 .

Parts of the village were demolished in mid-2004, the last house was cleared in 2005.

The majority of the population moved to the newly built district Horno von Forst (Lausitz), about 10 km away . The others to Cottbus , Guben , Peitz (newly created residential estate "Hornoer Ring") or to the surrounding villages.

On November 29, 2004, the 500 year old stone church Hornos was blown up by Vattenfall. The altar and dome of the old church had already been dismantled and installed in the new church in Horno (Forst (Lausitz)).

Excavations around 2004

During the demolition phase of Hornos, archaeologists carried out extensive excavations in the old church and the old churchyard as well as in the village.

In the course of the complete documentation of the local situation, the churchyard was completely examined. Between December 2003 and November 2004 the 2,300 m² cemetery area was excavated, with 2,200 graves being verified. The earliest graves came from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century and extended to the time of the investigation. The youngest graves were reburied and could still be recorded as cleared grave pits. Most of the ceramics found in the grave pits came from the 19th and 20th centuries. It could be assumed that a considerable number of burials came from this period, or at least from the early modern period. The anthropological study included 600 graves. 79 of them had been reburied. 152 individuals were completely decomposed and often only recognizable as corpse shadows . 368 of the buried could be examined. However, the state of preservation was mostly poor to very poor. Only in a few cases were the bones better preserved.

As part of the project of the German Research Foundation “Rural Settlement and Cultural Transformation. High and late medieval landscape design as reflected in large excavations in Brandenburg ”, all medieval burials should be anthropologically examined. After dating the individual graves, it was found that almost 600 can be assigned to this period. The bone preservation of the medieval skeletons was consistently rather poor. The majority of the burials had no surviving bones. The poor state of preservation probably resulted on the one hand from the acid sandy soils on the Horno plateau and on the other hand from the long occupation time of the cemetery. Individual data such as age at death, gender and height could only be determined from 146 persons buried. Most had died of advanced age or before the age of seven.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Horno  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Changes in the municipalities of Germany StBA, see 1998
  2. ^ Project Horno. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .
  3. ^ Bettina Jungklaus : The medieval population of Horno (Niederlausitz, Brandenburg) . In: Sabine Eggebrecht, Cristina Antonia Cândea, Wulf Schiefenhövel (eds.): Bulletin of the Swiss Society for Anthropology . 8th International Congress of the Society for Anthropology (GfA), 14. – 18. September 2009, Munich. tape 14 , issue 1–2, September 2009, ISSN  1420-4835 , p. 33 ( naturwissenschaften.ch [PDF; 527 kB ; accessed on June 13, 2017]).
  4. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : How did you live? How did they die? Anthropological studies on Niederlausitz skeletons provide answers . In: Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg . Konrad Theiss Verlag , 2009, ISSN  0948-311X , p. 114-117 .
  5. ↑ Bettina Jungklaus , Jens Henker: Village emergence and village populations: case studies from Niederlausitz . In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Klaus Neitmann , Uwe Tresp (eds.): The Lower and Upper Lusatia - Contours of an integration landscape . tape 1 : Middle Ages, 2013, ISBN 978-3-86732-160-0 , pp. 293-313 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 50 '  N , 14 ° 34'  E