Spremberg district (Lausitz)

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The district area 1905

The district of Spremberg (Lausitz) (until 1939 Spremberg district , until the 19th century also called Spremberger district , 1816–1825 Spremberg-Hoyerswerda district ) was a district in Niederlausitz in Brandenburg . It existed in Prussia , in the Soviet occupation zone and in the GDR until 1952. On January 1, 1945, the district comprised the district town of Spremberg and 37 other communities.

Administrative history

Kingdom of Saxony

After the rule of Spremberg and Niederlausitz had come to the Kingdom of Saxony in 1635 , the Spremberg District was formed. In 1756 the Spremberg office was created.

Kingdom of Prussia

In 1815, after the Congress of Vienna , the Kingdom of Saxony also had to cede the Spremberg District to the Kingdom of Prussia . It became part of the new administrative district of Frankfurt in the province of Brandenburg .

In 1816 a comprehensive district reform was carried out, in which the new Spremberg-Hoyerswerda district was formed from a merger of the Spremberg office with the rule of Hoyerswerda and parts of the Bautzen district that had become Prussian . Some exclaves and enclaves were exchanged with the districts of Calau , Cottbus and Sagan . The seat of the new district became the city of Hoyerswerda . In 1816 the Spremberg-Hoyerswerda district had 28,650 inhabitants.

The Spremberg-Hoyerswerda district was dissolved again in 1825. From the southern part of the district, which historically belonged to Upper Lusatia, the new district of Hoyerswerda was formed and assigned to the administrative district of Liegnitz in the province of Silesia . The Spremberg district, which now roughly consists of its original area, with the town of Spremberg as the district seat, remained in the Frankfurt administrative district of the Brandenburg province.

North German Confederation / German Empire

From July 1, 1867, the Spremberg district belonged to the North German Confederation and from January 1, 1871 to the German Empire . On September 30, 1929, a regional reform took place in line with developments in the rest of the Free State of Prussia , in which all manor districts were dissolved and assigned to neighboring rural communities. The district name was set in Spremberg (Lausitz) in the 1930s .

Since January 1, 1939, the district has been referred to as the "district" in accordance with the now uniform rule. In the spring of 1945 the district was occupied by the Red Army .

Soviet occupation zone / German Democratic Republic

With effect from April 1, 1946, by resolution of the Presidium of the Mark Brandenburg Provincial Administration, the municipalities of Zelz-Bahren (formed from Bahren and Zelz in 1933 ), Döbern , Gosda II (near Döbern), Groß Kölzig , Jämlitz , Jerischke , Klein Düben , Klein came into being Kölzig , Kromlau , Preschen , Raden , Tschernitz and Zschorno from the dissolved Sorau district to the Spremberg district.

Due to the law on the change to improve the district and community boundaries of April 28, 1950, the district boundaries were changed again on July 1, 1950, the Spremberg district received the communities Drieschnitz , Jocksdorf and Kahsel from the Cottbus district and the Rehnsdorf community from the District of Calau .

The territorial reform in the GDR in 1952 brought extensive changes to the area:

Population development

year Residents source
1840 13,773
1871 23,505
1890 27,699
1900 29,474
1910 35,470
1925 39,771
1933 42,646
1939 44,389
1946 49,422

According to statistics from Arnošt Muka, 10,735 inhabitants of the Spremberg district spoke Sorbian in 1884 , which corresponded to 42.1% of the total population. The official Prussian statistics, on the other hand, counted only 3,078 native Sorbian speakers (11.1%) in 1890, whereby it should be noted that the Prussian statistics generally assigned bilingual people to Germans.

Local constitution until 1945

The district of Spremberg (Lausitz) was divided into a city, into rural communities and - until their dissolution in 1929 - into manor districts. With the introduction of the Prussian Municipal Constitutional Act of December 15, 1933, there was a uniform municipal constitution for all Prussian municipalities from January 1, 1934. With the introduction of the German municipal code of January 30, 1935, the leader principle was enforced on April 1, 1935 at the municipal level . A new district constitution was no longer created; The district regulations for the provinces of East and West Prussia, Brandenburg, Pomerania, Silesia and Saxony from March 19, 1881 continued to apply.

District administrators

cities and communes

Status 1945

In 1945 the following towns and municipalities belonged to the district of Spremberg:

Municipalities dissolved before 1939

Name changes

In the 1930s there were some spelling changes like

  • Byhlow → Bühlow
  • Jehserigk → Jehserig
  • Terpe → Terpe.

In 1937, the National Socialists gave several place names of Sorbian origin in Lusatia with new German names (translation or free invention). Unlike in Saxony, these name changes were not reversed here after 1945. The municipality Dubraucke received the new name Eichwege .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Kursächsischer Ämteratlas 1790: scale approx. 1: 200000 . Gumnior, Chemnitz 2009. ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 . P. 108f. P. 112
  2. ^ Heinrich Berghaus: Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Niederlausitz in the middle of the 19th century . Adolph Müller, Brandenburg 1854, chap. 3 VI., P. 44 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  3. ^ Carl Heinrich Ludwig Pölitz: History and Statistics of the Kingdom of Saxony . Hinrichs, Leipzig 1809, chap. State Constitution, p. 257 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  4. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 12 , 1816, p. 108 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  5. ^ Christian Gottfried Daniel Stein: Handbook of Geography and Statistics of the Prussian State . Vossische Buchhandlung, Berlin 1819, The administrative district of Frankfurt, p. 210 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  6. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt ad Oder . No. 3 , 1825, p. 46 ( digitized version [accessed on May 5, 2016]).
  7. ^ The district of Sorau at genealogy.net
  8. ^ Provincial administration Mark Brandenburg (ed.): Ordinance sheet of the Provincial Administration Mark Brandenburg No. 14 of September 23, 1946 . Resolution of the Presidium of the Provincial Administration of Mark Brandenburg on the dissolution of the remaining Sorau district and change of the boundaries of the Cottbus and Spremberg districts and the forest district.
  9. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurt ad O., Harnecker, 1844, p. 30
  10. ^ The municipalities and manor districts of the Province of Brandenburg and their population in 1871
  11. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Spremberg district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
  12. ↑ 1946 census
  13. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 126 .
  14. ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 25 .