Klein Düben

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Klein Düben
Jämlitz-Klein Düben municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 33 ′ 50 ″  N , 14 ° 37 ′ 0 ″  E
Height : 128 m above sea level NN
Area : 4.85 km²
Residents : 120  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 25 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 03130
Area code : 035600

Klein Düben ( Źěwink in Lower Sorbian ) is a village in the Brandenburg municipality of Jämlitz-Klein Düben in the Spree-Neisse district on the border with the Saxon district of Görlitz .

geography

Klein Düben is located in the western part of the municipality. In the extreme northeast of Klein Düben lies Wolfshain , in the north it borders on Tschernitz , in the east lies Jämlitz , in the southeast behind the national border lies the Gablenz district of Wossinka, in the south lies Kromlau , in the southwest Halbendorf and in the west Groß Düben . The next cities are Spremberg in the west, Weißwasser in the south and Bad Muskau in the east.

The federal highway 156 runs north of the village and joins the B 115 in the northwest . The Weißwasser – Forst railway ran just a few kilometers west of the village with the nearest train stations in Halbendorf and Wolfshain. The closest train stations to the Berlin – Görlitz railway line are in Runde and Weißwasser.

history

Klein Düben was mentioned in documents in 1490 as Dybe and in 1511 as Kleynen Diben . Urn finds, including from the year 1828, show that the area was settled much earlier. The name is a differentiation to the neighboring Groß Düben and therefore of the same origin .

It can be assumed that the owner of Klein Düben sought fief protection from the Lords of Hackenborn on Triebel and Priebus in the 14th century . In this way, Klein Düben became a vassal property that could be lent anew by the rulers if its owner died without heirs. When the lords of Hackenborn sold Triebel, Klein Düben also changed lords, while Kromlau and Jämlitz remained in the Priebusser rule.

In 1511 the noble Peter von Horn was suspected of robbery on Klein Düben . The Upper Lusatian cities decided to take action against the Lower Lusatian robber barons. On a Saturday during the fair, dispatched mercenaries gathered near Boxberg and arrived in Klein Düben around noon, but did not find Horn. Some of the mercenaries stole food there, so that a little later Horn gave a complaint to the governor of Lower Lusatia , which he sent to the Upper Lusatian cities. The matter stalled and was ultimately forgotten. The allegation of robbery, against which Peter Horn also objected, is covered by later documents. In addition, his son Hans was executed on October 14, 1513 in Crossen on the Oder for robbery with the sword.

The von Horns were the owners of Klein Düben until around the beginning of the 17th century, after which ownership changed more frequently. In 1616, Carol von der Heide exchanged goods with Christoph von Briesen, who had owned Tschernitz since 1601 . Only 13 years later, Christoph von Briesen sold Klein Düben to Bartel von Mandelslo, whose early death changed the estate to Balthasar von Mandelslo. As a result of the Thirty Years War , fields in Klein Düben were devastated and overgrown and the estate was in need of renovation. The underage Hans Siegmund von Mandelslo inherited the indebted property in 1671, which was sold by his guardian on March 15, 1678 for 3,300 thalers.

When his buyer, Hans Christoph von Stutterheim , died a few years later, his wife sold the property in 1682 for “compelling debts” for 4500 thalers. The buyer withdrew from the purchase in the same year for fear of disputes with the gentlemen who were lent. The feudal lord then came to the decision that they had not fulfilled their feudal obligation and that their claim to Klein Düben had therefore lapsed. In 1683 he sold the estate to Joachim Heinrich von Leubnitz, who after only four years sold it to Hans Wolf von Ponickau. Elisabeth Tugendreich von Muschwitz acquired the Mannlehen in 1692 for 4,600 thalers. Since she only had two daughters, her brothers became feudal bearers.

A lightning strike burned down large parts of the estate on June 16, 1702. The manor house was not affected, but seven farmhouses and most of the barns.

On January 21, 1728, Lieutenant Joachim Heinrich von Berge bought the estate for 7,500 thalers. It remained in the family until the early 1780s, when it was sold for 12,000 thalers. The buyer sold the estate in 1785 to the owner of Bagenz , Adam Siegmund Graf von Oertzen, for a profit of 2000 thalers . His son and heir, Karl Ludwig Graf von Oertzen, embarked on a military career right from his father and achieved a general title in the Saxon army by 1800. He passed away unexpectedly two years later. He had 14 children from his wife, four of whom died in childhood and a daughter aged 16 or 17. The remaining nine children included eight sons, six of whom died between 1807 and 1813, mostly as a result of the war . Despite the goods in Klein Düben and Dubraucke , the widow was in debt, so that in 1809 the 35,000 thalers worth of the Klein Düben estate were offset by over 10,000 thalers in debt. Her cousin Friedrich Georg Henning von Oertzen bought the Klein Düben estate in 1815 for 25,000 thalers, who, however, sold it again in 1824 for 35,000 thalers.

On March 25, 1828, Ferdinand Adolf von Leupold bought the property before the patrimonial court in Wolfshain for 21,000 thalers. On July 3 of the same year, the distillery and brewery burned down. The conclusion of the review on service regulation, replacement and division between manor and municipality took place on April 24, 1829 and was confirmed by the Brandenburg government in Frankfurt / Oder on January 3, 1832. As compensation for the cessions by the property, the farmers were levied in cash and in kind. They were also given free service for twelve years during the sowing and harvesting season.

The windmill, built around 1830, burned in 1844 and was rebuilt by its owner the following year. Since it generated little income, it was demolished in the mid-1850s, sold to Sabrodt and rebuilt there.

The secret chief medical officer Dr. Johann Wilhelm von Brunn bought the estate in 1855 and six years later transferred it to his son for 45,000 thalers, who in the following year transferred it to the merchant Emil Rudolf Hoyer for 50,000 thalers. Hoyer was rarely on the estate and had it managed by inspectors before he sold it in December 1871 for 70,000 thalers to Friedrich Barschel, who sold it the following year for only 65,000 thalers to Hugo von Dobschütz (1858–1899). In 1878 Dobschütz exchanged the estate with Captain Wilhelm Nixdorf for his villa in Lauban .

In the following years the property changed hands several times at short intervals before Melitta Countess von Dönhof acquired it in 1885. She too rarely stayed in Klein Düben and had it administered by inspectors. The Gablenz parish, to which Klein Düben belonged for all the centuries, owes a self-made drawing “First Supper at the court of the Elector of Brandenburg” to her. Her successor, Karl August Fritz Wecker, completely rebuilt and expanded the mansion around 1403.

Population development

In a specification document that Friedrich Gottlob von Berge submitted to the Triebel lordship on May 3, 1769, twelve farms are named, of which 2  farmers , 8  gardeners and 2  Büdner . It can be assumed that in the next half century the manor ceded land to subjects willing to build a new economy.

In the recession document of 1829, 25 inns are named in addition to the manor property, including 2 farmers, 8 gardeners, 14 Büdner (including a tavern ) and a windmill.

At the beginning of the 20th century, 1 farmer, 8 gardeners, 5 Büdner and 13 cottagers worked in Klein Düben. In addition to agricultural work as the main occupation, there were three craft businesses ( carpentry , wheelwright and blacksmith's ).

Muka determined in the 1880s a Sorbian population of 91% (152 Sorbs , 15 Germans ). Of the 164 inhabitants in 1905, all were of the Protestant faith.

An overview of the population development from 1875
year 1875 1890 1905 1925 1933 1939 1946 1950
Residents 205 172 164 189 164 150 190 197
year 1964 1971 1981 1989 1990 1994 2000 2008
Residents 181 168 158 138 130 100 155 133

Administrative division

As a result of the Prussian administrative reform, Klein Düben was added to the Prussian-Brandenburg district of Sorau (Lausitz) in 1818 . Since 1945, the smaller part of the district west of the Lausitzer Neisse has been administered from the formerly independent city of Forst (Lausitz) . The southern part of the remaining Sorau district was added to the redesigned Spremberg district in 1946 . During the administrative reform of 1952 , the municipality of Kromlau , located south of Klein Düben, moved to the newly formed district of Weißwasser , into which Klein Düben and Jämlitz protruded like a peninsula.

In the Brandenburg district reform of 1993, the circles Spremberg, joined Cottbus-Land , Guben and Forst for Spree-Neisse together. In the following years there were a number of community mergers, including that of Jämlitz and Klein Düben on December 31, 2001, from which the community Jämlitz-Klein Düben emerged .

literature

Web links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Facts and Figures. In: amt-doebern-land.de. Office Döbern-Land , accessed on February 22, 2019 .
  2. ↑ Ernst Eichler : The place names of Niederlausitz . 1st edition. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1975, p.  43 .
  3. ↑ Ernst Tschernik : The development of the Sorbian rural population . In: German Academy of Sciences in Berlin - Publications of the Institute for Slavic Studies . tape  4 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 78 .
  4. ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. (PDF; 351 kB) District Spree-Neisse. State Office for Data Processing and Statistics State of Brandenburg, December 2006, accessed on January 20, 2016 .
  5. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001