Halbendorf
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Halbendorf
Brězowka Groß Düben municipality
Coordinates: 51 ° 32 ′ 45 ″ N , 14 ° 34 ′ 30 ″ E
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| Height : | 135 m above sea level NN |
| Area : | 6.28 km² |
| Residents : | 539 (December 31, 2008) |
| Population density : | 86 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1999 |
| Postal code : | 02953 |
| Area code : | 035773 |
Halbendorf , in Upper Sorbian , has been part of the municipality of Groß Düben in Upper Lusatia ( Saxony ) since 1999 . The village in the Sorbian settlement area , which belongs to the Schleifer parish , is known nationwide above all for the Halbendorfer See, which is named after it .
geography
Halbendorf is in the north of the district of Görlitz . To the north of the village lies Groß Düben, in the northeast Klein Düben , Kromlau in the east and Weißwasser in the southeast. The Halbendorfer See follows from the south to the west, behind which Trebendorf and Runde are located.
history
Local history
Archaeological finds in the neighboring town of Groß Düben prove that this region was already settled in the Bronze Age . The repopulation falls in the time of the second German settlement in the east . Halbendorf was mentioned in a document in 1458 as Bresselugk and in 1597 in a purchase contract from the Muskau lordship as "the village of Breßlug". The submissive inhabitants lived mainly from agriculture and forestry.
The Sorbian name Brězowka and the Old Sorbian form Brězoług , derived from brěza for ' birch ' and ług for 'grass swamp, floodplain', means "birch village" or "small birch stand". This name goes back to the fact that the place was once on a birch-covered hill and was surrounded by swamps.
The village burned down in the Thirty Years War and half of the old location was rebuilt, which, according to Jan Meschgang, led to the new German name, which is documented for the year 1753. Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther, on the other hand, see in the name "apparently [a reference] to the division into a rulership of Muscovite and a manor share of Zimpel". They also point to a mention as "Halbendorff" in 1509.
During the Napoleonic campaign in Russia, French troops camped on the march there and back in Halbendorf, which is on the Spremberg - Muskau road , part of the Lower Army Road between Dresden and Warsaw.
On March 23, 1786, Halbendorf burned down a second time, only two barns remained. With the help of the residents of the neighboring towns as well as considerable financial means from Count August Heinrich von Pückler, who had administered the civil status for his daughter-in-law Clementine (mother Hermann von Pückler-Muskaus ) since 1785 , the town was rebuilt in the form of a street village . Brick houses were built along the widened street, while barns and stables were staggered on the respective properties. At the same time "on one side [of the street] a sufficient number of ovens, but on the other an even number of draw wells, both at the same distance from each other" were built. To commemorate the achievements of Count Pückler in the reconstruction, his Muskau predecessor, Count Hermann von Callenberg , had an iron monument erected in the middle of the village street in 1788. In 1808 it was removed again for traffic reasons and was subsequently lost. To replace this, an obelisk about five meters high was erected on Dorfstrasse in 1937.
Halbendorf lies in the part of Upper Lusatia that had to be ceded by the Kingdom of Saxony to Prussia as a result of the Congress of Vienna in 1815 . The community was assigned to the newly founded district of Rothenburg (Ob. Laus.) In 1816 and has belonged to the Muskau III district since 1874 , which was later renamed the Loop District.
The road between Muskau and Spremberg, which leads over Halbendorf and Runde, was expanded into a Chaussee in 1847 . With the construction of the Weißwasser – Forst railway line in 1891, Halbendorf received a train station.
Until a school was built in 1911, the children went to Groß Düben to school, which had existed since 1836. Before that, like most of the children in the Schleifer parish, they went to school in Runde. In the 19th century, teachers still complained about the sporadic attendance of school children.
After the pits of the Trebendorfer Felder opencast mine, opened in 1949, were flooded, the development of a recreation area began in 1982 on the Halbendorfer shore of the largest remaining lake. This gave the lake the name Halbendorfer See .
In 1995, Halbendorf was a founding member of the administrative community , which was formed from communities in the parish of the same name. On January 1, 1999, Halbendorf merged with the community of Groß Düben.
The townscape is dominated by three and four-sided courtyards.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1825 | 178 |
| 1871 | 288 |
| 1885 | 330 |
| 1905 | 405 |
| 1910 | 452 |
| 1925 | 505 |
| 1933 | 511 |
| 1939 | 531 |
| 1946 | 523 |
| 1950 | 570 |
| 1964 | 573 |
| 1971 | 537 |
| 1988 | 529 |
| 1990 | 518 |
| 1996 | 538 |
| 1998 | 580 |
| 2002 | 585 |
| 2008 | 539 |
16 possessed men and 2 cottagers are transmitted from 1630 . Almost 150 years later, 15 possessed men, 5 gardeners and 12 cottagers were working in Halbendorf . An economy lay desolate.
The population of Halbendorf almost tripled between 1825 and 1925 from 178 to 505. After that, growth slowed and reached 531 shortly before the start of the Second World War . After the war, the war damage first had to be repaired, so that the population was below the pre-war figure despite refugees from the formerly German eastern regions. In 1950 there were 570 inhabitants, in 1964 there were 573 inhabitants. After that, the number gradually decreased, so that in 1971 there were 537 inhabitants. Until reunification, the population sank to 518 and in the following years fluctuated between 527 (1991) and 509 (1992). From 1995 onwards, the population grew again, which came to a standstill at the turn of the millennium. Towards the end of the decade, the population had reached that of Halbendorf in the mid-1990s.
Halbendorf is located in the Sorbian settlement area. In the 1880s, Arnošt Muka was able to make out an almost entirely Sorbian population who spoke the Schleifer transitional dialect . Of the 320 inhabitants he counted, only five were Germans. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik still counted a Sorbian-speaking population of 73.1%. Since then, the number of Sorbian speakers has continued to decline significantly.
literature
- From the Muskauer Heide to the Rotstein. Home book of the Lower Silesian Upper Lusatia District . Lusatia Verlag, Bautzen 2006, p. 221 f .
- Hermann Graf von Arnim, Willi A. Boelcke: Muskau. Jurisdiction between the Spree and the Neisse . 2nd Edition. Ullstein publishing house, Frankfurt / M, Berlin, Vienna October 1978.
Web links
- Halbendorf.de
- Halbendorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Jan Meschgang : The place names of Upper Lusatia . 2nd Edition. Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1979, p. 52 (edited by Ernst Eichler ).
- ↑ Ernst Eichler , Hans Walther : Oberlausitz toponymy - studies on the toponymy of the districts of Bautzen, Bischofswerda, Görlitz, Hoyerswerda, Kamenz, Löbau, Niesky, Senftenberg, Weißwasser and Zittau. I name book . In: German-Slavic research on naming and settlement history . tape 28 . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1975, p. 96 .
- ^ Count von Arnim: Muskau . P. 131
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ Digital historical place directory of Saxony. Retrieved July 28, 2008 .
- ↑ Municipal directory Germany 1900. Retrieved on July 28, 2008 .
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Rothenburg district (Upper Lusatia). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Von der Muskauer Heide zum Rotstein , p. 221
- ↑ Saxony regional register. Retrieved July 28, 2008 .
- ^ Municipality of Loop - administrative community. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on June 7, 2015 ; Retrieved April 8, 2009 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ernst Tschernik: The development of the Sorbian population . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1954, p. 117 .
- ^ Ludwig Elle: Language policy in the Lausitz . Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 255 .
