Welzow
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 35 ' N , 14 ° 10' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Spree-Neisse | |
| Height : | 123 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 39.57 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 3384 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 86 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 03119 | |
| Area code : | 035751 | |
| License plate : | SPN, FOR, GUB, SPB | |
| Community key : | 12 0 71 408 | |
| LOCODE : | DE WZW | |
City administration address : |
Poststrasse 8 03119 Welzow |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Birgit Zuchold (SPD) | |
| Location of the city of Welzow in the Spree-Neisse district | ||
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Welzow , in Lower Sorbian Wjelcej , is a small town in the Brandenburg district of Spree-Neisse in Lower Lusatia . It belongs to the official settlement area of the Sorbs / Wends .
geography
The city is located in the southeast of Brandenburg, west of the Spree . The region is characterized by the Lusatian heathland : lakes, rivers, flat moors , extensive pine forests, but also deciduous and mixed forests. Originally glacial valleys and terminal moraines from the past Ice Age made a significant contribution to the shaping of the landscape, today large parts of the region, as a result of the decades of intensive lignite mining, are depicted as destroyed landscapes that are to be upgraded in the course of the redesign . Germany's largest recultivation construction site, the Lusatian lake landscape , was created by the numerous open-cast mining lakes . The Welzow-Süd opencast mine with the world's largest mobile work machine, the F60 conveyor bridge, is located in the immediate vicinity of the town of Welzow .
City structure
Welzow includes the district Proschim ( Prožym ) and the residential areas Karlsfeld ( Karlowe pólo ), Siberia ( Sibirska ) and Zollhaus ( Cłonica ).
history
A center of Germanic iron production was found in the Welzow-Süd opencast lignite mine - next to the nearby Wolkenberg . The 36 sites with around 1300 kilns , anvil stones, pit piles and ore processing sites were on the slopes of the terminal moraine ridge and along the Petershain River. Numerous shards of pots and pans in the backfilling of two mine piles, which belonged to three furnace batteries at Klein Görigk, were a specialty, since ceramics at the same time rarely appear at smelting sites. The rough settlement goods date iron production to the late Roman Empire (3rd / 4th century). In addition to slag pits, packs of burnt clay with a maximum depth of 20 cm and about 40 cm in diameter were found on all three sites. Some ovens had one, and others two pits, which indicate the number and arrangement of the nozzle holes, which were demonstrably 10 cm above ground level. The remainder of a nozzle hole 1.5 cm in diameter could be seen in the bricked fragment of the furnace wall. At one of the smelting sites, the arrangement of the furnaces in groups speaks for multiple visits to the site and seasonal iron production. Presumably a community from the area was active here. There are no traces of settlement in the immediate vicinity, as in the other smelting sites in the district.
The name Welzow (Welcze) is mentioned for the first time on December 12, 1547 in the Spremberg town books . Often the year 1280 can still be found incorrectly, which after repeated checks proved to be incorrect. Until April 6, 1584 Welzow was an official village of the Spremberg rule . On July 21 of the same year, the villages of Welzow, Proschim and Gosda formed the Dominium Gosda, with which Welzow became a Vorwerk of the manor. In 1708, eight farmers, one half-farmer and four gardeners are recorded as residents for Welzow, ten years later there were eight Hufner and two Kossäts who had to pay a total of 653 guilders and two groschen. On July 25, 1770, large parts of Welzow burned down as a result of a lightning strike . On October 16, 1790, the first lieutenant Johann Sebastian von Wirsing acquired the Gosda manor, after his death in 1817 the Gosda manor was dissolved in the 1820s due to inheritance disputes, so that Welzow, Proschim and Gosda became independent communities.
The city was shaped by the Lusatian lignite mining area . By the end of the GDR there were other larger industrial companies such as VEB Baumaschinen Welzow and brown coal drilling and shaft construction . Today Welzow is mainly used for service, construction and handicrafts. From 1944 to 1945 there were numerous Luftwaffe hunting units at Welzow airfield that were used in the Reich air defense.
During the Second World War , prisoners of war from the Soviet Union and France as well as women and men from the countries occupied by Germany had to do forced labor : in the central workshop , in the Germania smelter and in the old briquette factory , which later became the Alfred Scholz plant . Many of them perished from the inhuman treatment.
Welzow received city rights in autumn 1969.
Welzow and today's district of Proschim belonged to the Spremberg district from 1817 to 1952 (until 1947 in the Prussian province of Brandenburg , 1947-1952 in the state of Brandenburg ). 1952–1993 the places were part of the Spremberg district (until 1990 in the GDR district Cottbus , 1990–1993 again in the state of Brandenburg). Since the district reform in 1993 , they have been in the Spree-Neisse district.
- Incorporations
Proschim was incorporated on October 26, 2003. On January 1, 2006, the corridor of the devastated community Haidemühl was incorporated into Welzow.
Population development
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Territory of the respective year, number of inhabitants: as of December 31 (from 1991), from 2011 based on the 2011 census
politics
City Council
The city council Welzows consists of 16 city councilors and the full-time mayor. The local election on May 26, 2019 resulted in the following result with a turnout of 52.3%:
| Party / group of voters | Share of votes | Seats |
|---|---|---|
| SPD | 32.4% | 5 |
| ZWP - Citizens' Initiative "Proschim / Welzow Future" | 18.5% | 3 |
| BFSW - Citizens' Forum "Stadtumbau Welzow" | 13.1% | 2 |
| BiZW - Citizens' Initiative "Zukunft Welzow" | 11.5% | 2 |
| CDU | 9.2% | 2 |
| The left | 6.4% | 1 |
| Green future Welzow | 6.2% | 1 |
mayor
- 2003-2009: Reiner Jestel (CDU)
- since 2009: Birgit Zuchold (SPD)
Zuchold was elected the new mayor in the mayor election on June 21, 2009 with 57.6% of the valid votes.
In the election on May 7, 2017, she was confirmed in office for a further eight years with a share of the vote of 59.9%.
Coat of arms, flag, official seal
In 1934, the then municipality, since 1969 town, Welzow received permission to use the coat of arms described below. The Minister of the Interior of the State of Brandenburg confirmed the city of Welzow's coat of arms on July 14, 2005.
- Description of coat of arms
- "In red two diagonally crossed silver mountain hammers, angled at the top by a silver glass bowl, at the bottom by three overturned silver ears of fruit."
- City colors
- "Red White"
- Official seal
The official seal of the city of Welzow has a diameter of 35 mm and bears the name of the municipality, "STADT WELZOW", and the name of the district, "LANDKREIS SPREE-NEIßE" in the outer frame. The coat of arms of the city of Welzow appears inside. The official seal with a diameter of 20 mm is used for small documents.
City arms
City colors, derived from the coat of arms colors
Partner communities
Welzow maintains partnership relationships with the communities of Schiffweiler in Saarland and Maszewo in Poland .
Sights and culture
Welzow with its mining-influenced environment is part of the International Building Exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land with project No. 4 - “Landscape in Transition” : During the recultivation of the Welzow opencast mine, an inner area is cultivated as an oasis in the wandering desert of the progressing opencast mining.
Buildings
The list of monuments in Welzow includes the monuments entered in the list of monuments of the State of Brandenburg. The two churches are exemplary. The Evangelical Church was built in 1740. The nave was made of stone, the bell tower was made of wood. In 1908 the wooden one was replaced by a two-bell tower made of stone. The smaller bell was probably cast around 1430. The Catholic branch church St. Josef in Welzow is a rather small diaspora church of the diocese of Görlitz with around 150 seats .
Since the late 1920s, the community builder Otto Grahe built public buildings, such as the cemetery chapel, the municipal fire station, the community bathing establishment, the former Pushkin School and other buildings for private clients. The townscape is characterized by the use of the typical local building material, brick, on all buildings erected by Grahe, in conjunction with the orthogonal street grid and the white-painted fences.
Historical monuments
- Soviet honorary cemetery within the city's cemetery for soldiers and 44 (according to other sources 68) perished prisoners of war from the Soviet Union
- Honorary grave for five Welzow citizens who fell victim to the terror of the National Socialists , with a memorial stone in front of a memorial wall
- Commemorative plaque in the Kumpelklause restaurant at Spremberger Straße 77 for the worker sportsman Alfred Scholz, who was murdered here by strike breakers in 1928
- Memorial plaque for Alfred Scholz at the special needs school Slamer Höhe 22, which was named after him in GDR times
- Memorial site in the cemetery of the Altwelzow district at the end of Liesker Weg for four perished forced laborers from the Soviet Union and Poland , who are named
Museums
- Welzow Airfield Museum, Welzow Airfield - all year round
- Museum "Alte Mühle" in the district of Proschim - all year round
- Welzow Fire Station - from April to October
- Welzow Heimatstube - by appointment
- Archaeotechnical Center Welzow - all year round
- Open-air presentation with originally rebuilt street sections, field stone cellars and a fountain in the industrial area of the city, plus the scaffolding of a field barn, the first completely preserved and thus reconstructable medieval post structure in Niederlausitz
Film studio BuS
The BuS film studio (lignite drilling and shaft construction) existed from May 7, 1963 to May 7, 1988. 110 short films were made on topics related to mining and the Lusatian region, mostly in 16 mm format. At the world competition of UNICA 1982 in Aachen , the feature film "Help, I am a woman" won a silver medal. The combined real-trick film "Forest Pirouette" (1979) was archived in the UNICA world archive in Zurich .
Economy and Infrastructure
Open pit lignite mining
The Welzow-Süd opencast mine borders the city to the east . The energy company Vattenfall, as owner and operator, plans to expand the opencast mine under the name Welzow-Süd II from 2027, for which it intends to excavate almost 2000 hectares (20 square kilometers). The village of Proschim and parts of Welzow would then have to give way to the opencast mine. Over 800 people would have to leave their homes.
A draft of the plan from 2011 had to be revised due to serious deficiencies; A new version of the plan was publicly displayed in mid-2013. During the objection phase to the new planning procedure for Welzow-Süd II, opponents of the project organized several protest actions.
Parts of the Welzow airfield are to be dredged away in the medium term (as of 2009) using the Welzow-Süd opencast mine. The total area of the airfield of 600 hectares belongs to three owners. These are Vattenfall Europe with 523 hectares , the airport operating company Welzow with 57 hectares and the city of Welzow with 20 hectares. The total area of the runway and the necessary taxiways is around 250 hectares.
traffic
Welzow is located on the national road L 522 between Neupetershain and the Welzow district of Proschim. The closest motorway junctions are Großräschen on the federal motorway 13 (Berlin – Dresden) and Cottbus-West on the federal motorway 15 ( triangle Spreewald - Polish border).
The Welzow and Proschim-Haidemühl stops were on the Neupetershain – Hoyerswerda railway line . Passenger traffic was discontinued in 1960, the line has now been dismantled.
Airfield
The Welzow airfield has been licensed as a civil airfield since 1996. From 1925 it was used as a glider and motorized airfield, and from 1935 as a military airfield. After the Second World War he was under the command of the Soviet army in the GDR until the fall of the Wall . Well known in the area is the Welzower Airfield Festival, which takes place every summer. A visit to the Welzow airfield museum, which opened its doors in 2002, is particularly worthwhile.
In March 2009 it became known that Vattenfall Europe had acquired large parts of the airfield from the state of Brandenburg in December 2008. According to a company spokesman for the company, Vattenfall will not acquire any shares in the airport operator company. As of October 1, 2010, 16% of these shares are held by the city of Spremberg , Welzow and the district of Spree-Neisse . The Spremberg municipal works hold 6%, the New Zealand municipality 1% and the airport operator itself 45% of these shares. In December 2011 the city of Spremberg, the municipal works of Spremberg, the district of Spree-Neisse and the municipality of New Zealand announced that they would be leaving the airport operator on December 31, 2012 for economic reasons.
On September 3, 2019, the EU Commissioner Christos Stylianides visited Welzow airfield to check the location requirements for establishing a fire fighting unit as part of the RescEU program. He called the location requirements optimal, but there was no clearly recognizable willingness on the part of the federal government. The state government of Brandenburg also expressed skepticism
Personalities
literature
- Welzow Air Base, 1935–1945, deployment and training facility for the German Air Force.
- Tim S. Müller, Gosda / Niederlausitz. Land use change of an East Elbe manor between “Economic Enlightenment” and the dawning industrial age (1790–1860) , Waxmann-Verlag, Münster / New York / Munich / Berlin 2012 (= Lower Lusatia at the beginning of the 21st century. History and the present 2).
Web links
Footnotes
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Welzow
- ^ Author: Joachim Schneider , Hans Gorgk von der Wolfs region, 2005, Dresden, brochure
- ^ Uwe Kulke: Contributions to the Welzower history. Official journal for the city of Welzow with the district Proschim, June 29, 2019, pp. 18–22.
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2003
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Spree-Neisse . Pp. 30-33
- ↑ Population in the state of Brandenburg from 1991 to 2017 according to independent cities, districts and municipalities , Table 7
- ^ Office for Statistics Berlin-Brandenburg (Ed.): Statistical report AI 7, A II 3, A III 3. Population development and population status in the state of Brandenburg (respective editions of the month of December)
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ Local elections October 26, 2003. Mayoral elections , p. 33
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on June 21, 2009 . In: Official Journal for the City of Welzow , 2009, No. 11, p. 2
- ↑ Brandenburg Local Election Act, Section 74
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on May 7, 2017
- ^ City of Welzow: History
- ↑ a b Brandenburg State Main Archives : Coat of Arms City of Welzow
- ↑ German City Book, Volume 2: Brandenburg and Berlin, Section 12c (city colors), Stuttgart 2000 (2nd edition), quoted from Kommunalflaggen.de: Stadt Welzow
- ↑ § 2 of the main statute of the city of Welzow ( memento of October 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) has coat of arms and official seal, but does not provide any information but no flag.
- ↑ Ex-Left MP Neskovic: People's Tribune in the Land of the Swallowed Villages
- ↑ www.allianz-für-welzow.de press release from September 12, 2013
- ↑ "Do not excavate another village!" (Joint action by several environmental associations)
- ↑ Activists from 15 countries demand: "Proschim should live" . Greenpeace. June 20, 2013. Archived from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved on August 9, 2013.
- ↑ www.flugplatz-welzow.de
- ↑ Vattenfall has bought Welzower airfield ( Memento from January 4, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) . In: LR-Online, March 21, 2009
- ↑ Article in the Lausitzer Rundschau from March 30, 2009
- ^ Lausitzer Rundschau (ed.): Airfield company in Welzow is not dissolved . December 22, 2011 ( online [accessed on May 2, 2017] Announcement of leaving FBG Welzow).
- ↑ https://www.lr-online.de/lausitz/spremberg/welzow-plaene-fuer-loeschflugzeuge-und-feuer-forschung_aid-45579055
- ↑ https://www.rbb24.de/studiocottbus/beitraege/2019/09/europaeischen-staffel-loeschflugzeuge-welzow-besuch-eu-kommissar.html
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