Wolkenberg
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Klěšnik Cloud Mountain City of Spremberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 36 '24 " N , 14 ° 15' 33" E
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| Height : | 105-136 m above sea level NN |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1991 |
Wolkenberg , Klěšnik in Lower Sorbian , was a village and a municipality in Lower Lusatia . With Dollan , Gribona and Michholz it had three colonies . In 1991/92 the place was demolished and around 170 residents were relocated. The town hall has belonged to the town of Spremberg since January 1, 1991 due to the dissolution of the town in favor of the Welzow open-cast lignite mine .
Geographical location
Wolkenberg was between Spremberg and Drebkau in Niederlausitz. The place was on the edge of the mountain range " Steinitzer Alpen ", which was postponed by the Elster Ice Age, and derives its German name from the hilly landscape. The Welzow -Süd opencast mine dredged the local area between 1991 and 1993 for lignite extraction. The place Papproth , 1.5 kilometers north of Wolkenberg, was preserved. Today a newly formed landscape is emerging.
history
Wolkenberg is a Sorbian settlement that emerged in the early Middle Ages and was first mentioned in a German document in 1353. Until the end of the 19th century, Wolkenberg was a farming village of 20 farmsteads, mostly built in a round shape including the church and an estate . The predominant language was Lower Sorbian . The manor house was the residence of the changing German owners of the lands. Both languages coexisted in Wolkenberg for a long time. In many families, Sorbian was spoken at home, while contact with the landlord's family, the pastor and later also the local teacher was German . According to a statistical survey, 97% of the population were Sorbs in 1880, but in the first decades of the 20th century, Sorbian was hardly spoken anymore due to public reprisals. While Sorbian was still able to assert itself as the domestic language in the villages south to this day, German was the main spoken language in Wolkenberg in the 1950s. In 1956 Ernst Tschernik only had 3 speakers in Sorbian. However, the Sorbian costumes were occasionally worn on festive occasions even after the Second World War.
For a long time, Wolkenberg was on or near the Saxon-Prussian border. Due to the various acquisitions and land assignments in the 18th and 19th centuries, there were a large number of borders between Cottbus and Ortrand between Prussian , Saxon and Silesian properties.
The gothic hall church of Wolkenberg, built around 1442/43, shaped the townscape, not only because of its location on a small elevation in the middle of the village. The political change in 1989 came too late for the entire church to be implemented, only the historic wooden tower was moved to Pritzen in 1993 , a village in Lusatia that was also to be devastated, but which in the end did not have to give way to the opencast mine.
In the interior of the church there were 73 graves that can be dated to the Middle Ages. The graves were built at the time of the two previous buildings from the 13th / 14th centuries. Century created. The bone preservation of the skeletons was consistently poor. The majority of the graves had no surviving bones. Skeletal parts from 40 burials were anthropologically examined as part of a project by the German Research Foundation on medieval villages in the Mark Brandenburg region . The skeletons only showed a small section of the population at the time, which could not be regarded as representative. The age structure was normal for a larger population in pre-industrial times. There was a clear surplus of men, which was probably due to the poor condition of the female skeletons. The men were noticeably taller than the women, possibly due to a poorer supply of animal protein to the women. Teeth and dentition showed numerous signs of disease.
In 1973, Wolkenberg was connected to the drinking water network due to the constantly falling groundwater level due to the nearby opencast mine. On January 1, 1991, Wolkenberg was incorporated into the city of Spremberg . In January 1990 the last of the former 350 residents moved from Wolkenberg to Spremberg. The official number of resettlers was 172. In the nearby district town, new living space had been created in prefabricated buildings. Wolkenberg was completely demolished in the following months and then fell victim to the advancing Welzow Süd opencast mine. Today the former location of Wolkenberg has been recultivated and a vineyard that was planted in 2010 has been created on an artificially raised mountain. Vines were planted on 6 hectares.
See also
literature
- Frank Förster : Disappeared Villages - The demolitions of the Lausitz lignite mining area until 1993 , Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1995, p. 288 ff.
- Documentation of relocations due to mining , archive of lost places, Forst / Horno, 2010
- Lost homeland, mining and its effects on churches and parishes in Upper and Lower Lusatia , publisher Evangelische Kirchengemeinde Horno, 2007, ISBN 3-935826-88-5
Web links
- Archive of disappeared places
- Wolkenberg in the archive of disappeared places
Individual evidence
- ↑ Documentation of resettlements caused by mining , Archive of Disappeared Places, Forst / Horno, 2010, p. 189
- ^ Project Wolkenberg. In: anthropologie-jungklaus.de. Retrieved June 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Bettina Jungklaus : How did you live? How did they die? Anthropological studies on Niederlausitz skeletons provide answers . In: Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg . Konrad Theiss Verlag , 2009, ISSN 0948-311X , p. 114-117 .
- ^ Bettina Jungklaus : The medieval cemetery . In: Ineswalk (Ed.): Wolkenberg: The archaeological investigation in the locality of Wolkenberg / Niederlausitz . Zossen 2012, ISBN 978-3-910011-66-3 , pp. 118-123 .
- ↑ Bettina Jungklaus , Jens Henker: Village emergence and village populations: case studies from Niederlausitz . In: Heinz-Dieter Heimann , Klaus Neitmann , Uwe Tresp (eds.): The Lower and Upper Lusatia - Contours of an integration landscape . tape 1 : Middle Ages, 2013, ISBN 978-3-86732-160-0 , pp. 293-313 .
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office