Lieskau (Spremberg)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City of Spremberg
Coordinates: 51 ° 34 ′ 0 ″  N , 14 ° 31 ′ 30 ″  E
Height : 141 m above sea level NN
Area : 5.29 km²
Residents : 224  (December 31, 2018)
Population density : 42 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2002
Postal code : 03130
Area code : 03563

Lieskau , Lěsk in Lower Sorbian , is a district of the Brandenburg town of Spremberg in the Spree-Neisse district (Brandenburg), in the south of Lower Lusatia on the border with Upper Lusatia . Lieskau was an independent municipality until 2002.

Lieskau Castle

location

Lieskau is the easternmost part of the city of Spremberg. The place with a total area of ​​about 550 ha is located west of the Muskau folds and is about 10 kilometers from the Spremberg city center on the federal highway 156 , which leads from Spremberg in an easterly direction to Bad Muskau . About three kilometers to the south is Runde and about 12 kilometers to the southeast is the town of Weißwasser . The border between Brandenburg and Saxony and that of Lower and Upper Lusatia runs south of the village . The federal highway 15 runs about 21 kilometers north and the federal highway 13 46 kilometers west . Lieskau, belongs to the Lower Sorbian or Wendish settlement area .

The district of Lieskau borders in the north on the district of Reuthen , in the east on the district of Groß Düben (Saxony), in the south on the district of Runde (Saxony) and in the west on the district of Schönheide . The place can be reached via two branches from the B 156. A small road leads south to Runde.

The center of Lieskau is 141  m above sea level. NHN . The highest elevation is the Ellahöhe on the western boundary of the district at 163  m above sea level. NHN . The lowest point is at Seeteich at 129  m above sea level. NHN

history

The first written mention of Lieskau dates back to 1474 as Lyeßk . In 1527 the place was called Lysgau and in 1540 Lischke . The name is derived from lěsk, lěsko = small deciduous forest or lěska = hazel bush, hazel smoke. According to Lehmann, Lieskau was a hamlet because of its village structure.

In Lieskau and Kromlau (both belonging to the Priebus rule) and in Neustadt / Spree (Upper Lusatia) a von Reichenbach family is attested to at the end of the 15th and beginning of the 16th century. Even before 1472 Siegmund von Reichenbach was sitting on Lieskau and Kromlau. He had received the fiefdom from Duke Johann II (reign, 1461–1467 and 1472). Around 1474 he asked that Lieskau be left to Margarethe von Reichenbach, daughter of his cousin, as a farmhand, and that the village of Kromlau Otten von Benkendorff be named Schütze. The two fiefs soon reverted to him. He died in 1481. On January 8, 1482, after the death of their father, Hanß, Jorg, Cristoffel, Seyffert and Heynrich von Reichenbach received from Dukes Ernst and Friedrich the feudal letter about Lieskau and Kromlau, which their father Sigmundt had owned.

In 1509 Seyfried and his brothers Hans, Georg, Cristoffel and Heinrich von Reichenbach, brothers of Friedrich, Johann and Georg von Sachsen, dukes of Sagan, were enfeoffed with Lieskau and Kromlau. The goods were only to fall to Seyfried's brothers if he were to die without a male heir. In 1519 Cristoff Reichenpach zu Lyßkaw appears in the directory of the Saganer men . In 1520, Christoph and Georg von Reichenbach were enfeoffed by Duke Georg with Lieskau and Kromlau.

In the estimate of 1527 for the war against the Turks, the Lysgau crash was estimated at 1,000 marks. According to another source, the Reichenbach estates are said to have passed to the Duke of Saganheim in 1538. In 1539 he loaned Lieskau and Kromlau to Dr. Georg Kommerstädt, who immediately sold it to Philipp von Kracht. On March 13, 1540 Philipp von Kracht and his brother Barthel (or Bartusch) were enfeoffed with Lieskau and Kromlau by Duke Heinrich von Sagan (and Saxony) . In 1527 Albrecht von Kracht was enfeoffed with Strega ( Gubenischer Kreis ), his cousins ​​Philipp and Bartusch von Kracht were enfeoffed . After Albrecht died in 1530 without a physical heir, Strega fell to the two brothers Philipp and Bartusch. In the fraternal division, Philipp Strega took over, while Bartusch acquired the village of Wendisch Rietz in the Storkow estate . Philipp von Kracht was married to Ursula von Sparr with whom he had three sons, Bartusch, Heinrich and Caspar. In 1541 he was also able to acquire Türkendorf and a share of Klein Loitz from Dr. Georg Kommerstädt. Bartusch seems to have died without a physical heir.

In 1576 Bartusch von Kracht, Philipp's son, owned Lieskau, who had also inherited the nearby Turkish village and a share of Klein Loitz from his father. His brothers Heinrich and Caspar on Strega ( Gubenischer Kreis ) were also enfeoffed . According to the register of knight services in the principalities of Sagan, Priebus and Naumburg from June 10, 1594, Barthusch von Kracht zu Lißko had to provide a knight's horse in the event of war. This Bartusch von Kracht also had no heirs and in 1596 the sons of his brother Heinrich, Philipp, Christoph, Heinrich, Bartusch, Alexander and Rufus are the owners of Lieskau, Strega, Türkendorf and shares of Klein Loitz. His brother Caspar's sons were also enfeoffed: Eustach, Caspar, Ernst and Hans Georg. In 1606 of Heinrich's six sons, the younger Heinrich had already died. They received a joint fiefdom in 1606. Ernst von Kracht was able to acquire the manors Gosda and Klinge from Antonius von Kottwitz in 1621 . The von Kracht sold Lieskau to the von Pannwitz in 1611.

In 1615 various cousins ​​of Pannwitz received a general loan letter via Lieskau. The listing of places in the vicinity makes it clear that this is Lieskau. According to Lehmann, however, the von Kracht are said to have lived in Lieskau in 1624; this is probably a mistake, because various fiefdoms from 1615 to 1640 exist for von Pannwitz. After W. von Pannwitz, Lieskau had probably come to Siegmund von Pannwitz. He came of age in 1608 and married Eva von List around 1613. In addition to Lieskau, he also owned Welsickendorf, Hornow and Bagenz . Siegmund von Pannwitz died of the plague in Peitz in 1634 and was buried in Peitz on April 3, 1634. His wife had died before him. Heir was the son Adolf von Pannwitz, who was born around 1622. He was married to Helene Marianne von Loeben. Adolf von Pannwitz died in 1682. The widow married Georg Henning von Oertzen for the second time. The daughter Anna Margarethe married the Bartusch Heinrich von Kracht auf Türkendorf before 1683 .

After Lehmann, von Pannwitz was followed by 1674 at the latest by von Briesen, who are said to have owned Lieskau until at least 1742 . After Houwald, however, the Polish-Saxon hunting junker Johann Christoph von Grünau bought a share of Lieskau in 1698, which he paid for his wife Anna Clara von Klitzing, daughter of Hans Zacharias von Klitzing auf Seese, with 2,500 thalers for equipment money. Probably the other larger portion still belonged to von Briesen. In 1717 Margarethe Elisabeth von Gersdorf, widow of Johann Christoph von Briesen on Lieskau, died in Lübben . On August 31, 1751, Gottlob Heinrich von Briesen, probably the son of Johann Christoph and Margarethe von Gersdorf, sold the Lieske feudal and knightly estate in the Priebus district for 9,200 thalers to the Saxon-Polish captain Otto Sigismund von Kyckpusch.

Otto Sigismund von Kyckpusch / Kiekebusch was the captain of the Königstein fortress . On June 16, 1756, Frederick II granted Otto Siegmund von Kyckpusch and his marital heirs the Silesian Inkolat (the right to acquire land in Silesia). He was married to Friederike Christiane von Nostiz. Otto Siegmund died in 1761, leaving behind two underage sons Adolf Siegmund Josef and Friedrich Rudolf Otto and a daughter Johanna Charlotte Elisabeth. In 1763 six gardeners, three tenants and a shepherd lived in Lieskau. The place also had a tavern.

In 1777 the younger brother left the older brother Adolf Siegmund Joseph, then royal Prussian lieutenant in the von Schwartz Regiment Lieskau for 7,500 thalers. Adolf Siegmund Joseph von Kyckpusch did not stay with Lieskau for long. In 1787 Lieskau had 68 inhabitants. The village consisted of 1 manorial farm, 4 farmers, 7 gardeners, 1 housekeeper, 1 common house (and) 1 windmill . In 1791 Lieskau had 63 inhabitants.

Around / before 1796 the place belonged to Christian Karl von Witzleben, who died in Lieskau in 1805. That year he had bought Brodtkowitz , he also owned Graustein . He was married to Johanna von Ziegler and Klipphausen, who died on December 26, 1815 in Lieskau. In 1819 a school was built in Lieskau for the communities of Lieskau and Reuthen.

The four brothers Gustav, Eduard, Dietrich and Maximilian von Witzleben sold Lieskau soon afterwards to Wilhelm Karl Friedrich von Jagemann (1786–1863). He was the son of Ehrenfried Wilhelm Gustav von Jagemann auf Zschorne (Sorau district) and Johanna Elrike Leopoldine Eleonore Dorothea Friederike von Eicke. Wilhelm Karl Friedrich von Jagemann was married to Ernestine Henriette Wilhelmine Freiin von Troschke. The couple's eldest son, Leopold Wilhelm, was born in Lieskau in 1818. But Wilhelm Karl Friedrich von Jagemann did not remain the owner of Lieskau for long either. In 1827/28 the property was auctioned on account of debt. From 1831 to 1836 Lieskau belonged to the von Trosky family.

From 1835 to 1842 Lieskau belonged to Friedrich August von Diepow (1794–1842). He was married to Friedrike Dürr, with whom he had nine children. He was followed by a Dammann family until 1851. During this time (1841) the mortgage book for the rural land in the village was regulated.

In 1848 Lieskau is described as a village with a manor, water and windmills, brickworks, 35 houses and 193 inhabitants.

In 1851 a JCF Freyschuch (or Dreyschuh) is named as the owner of Lieskau. In that year the Glogau-Sagan principality landscape sequestered the Lieskau estate. Berghaus gives no owner for 1853. According to his information, the Gur had a size of 127 acres 160 square rods, of which 405 acres 85 square rods arable, 30 acres 64 square rods meadow and 715 acres forest.

From 1853 to 1857 Ferdinand Freiherr von Strachwitz was in the possession of Lieskau. He had been with Hedwig born on May 9, 1853. Countess Strachwitz-Sustky-Groß-Zauche and Kamminietz, divorced Countess von Arco, with whom he had eight children.

In 1850, 188 of the 200 inhabitants were still speaking Wendish. In 1858 Lieskau had 31 houses and 211 inhabitants. In the village there was a steam distillery, a brickworks and a stately water and oil mill. The owner of Lieskau was Mrs. Widow Schmidt.

From 1861 at the latest until at least 1879 the manor Lieskau belonged to Dr. phil. Georg Schacht, Adolf Frantz gives the size of the manor in 1863 as 1228 acres, of which 405 acres are arable, 30 acres are meadows and 715 acres are forest. Dr. In 1862, Georg Schacht, together with mine inspector Peukert, looked for brown coke in the Lieskau field. Shortly afterwards (1862/63) the "Guter Anfang" pit was opened, in 1863 the "August" pit and in 1864 the "Anna" pit. In 1864/65 the “Mathilde” mine was opened in the northern part of the Lieskau field. In 1868, with the pits "Hesperus" and "Aurora", two more brown coal mines were opened.

In 1867 there were 39 houses in Lieskau; the village had 225 inhabitants. There was a windmill and water mill, a brickworks, a tavern and three farmsteads just outside the town center and a brown coal works called “Good Start”. The operation of the "Mathilde" mine ceased in 1902 after the Berlin-Spremberger Kohlenwerke AG went bankrupt. It was then sold to Adolf Bleichert & Co. from Leipzig-Gohlis through a foreclosure auction , but they did not intend to reopen it, but merely dismantled the cable car they had built. In 1879, Dr. Schacht also has a distillery in Lieskau.

Rudolf Lehmann mentions another owner named Michel for 1882/83.

In 1885 the estate in Lieskau belonged to Julius Hermann Eckelmann in Althöfchen near Nossen . He had Lieskau run by an inspector Reinhard Uhlemann. At that time the estate had a total size of 315 hectares, of which 183 hectares were arable, 5 hectares were meadows, 8 hectares were pastures and 106 hectares were forest. The property tax net income was set at 1977 marks. Eckelmann did not keep the estate for long and the following owners also quickly sold it again. Lehmann names a Teichmann for 1887 and another owner named Haase for 1888 to 1890. In 1890 a coal railway was laid from the Mathilde mine to Spremberg station.

In 1891 Paul Heinrich von Wühlisch acquired the estate in Lieskau. Since June 4, 1896, he was with Magdalena von Hagen, daughter of Ernst Heinrich von Hagen on Schönheide near Spremberg and Anna Amalie Ella Gerlach. married. The marriage remained childless. The size of the property is given in the Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche of 1896 as 320 hectares, of which 181.35 hectares are arable, 7.7 hectares are meadows, 6.3 hectares pastures, 105.85 hectares are forest, 17.7 hectares are water and 0.6 hectares of land. Breeding and keeping of East Prussian, Dutch and Meissner pigs is given under the heading of breeding of special cattle breeds and utilization of livestock . In 1907 Paul Heinrich von Wühlisch switched entirely to green manure management. He let a manager Kurt Richter manage the estate. According to Niekammer's goods address book for the province of Brandenburg , he had no livestock on the farm, only 14 horses. In 1923 the manager had changed; his name was now Fritz Schütz. Niekammer's goods address book for the province of Brandenburg notes, farm without livestock, motorized plow, high-intensity grain centrifuge. In addition to 13 horses, 2 dairy cows were kept, probably for personal use. He died in 1942 and the estate was inherited by his nephew Georg von Wühlisch (1883–1944), who fell in Russia in 1944. The property was expropriated during the land reform .

Population growth from 1787 to 2018
year 1787 1792 1818 1846 1858 1871 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971 1981 1991 2001 2018
Residents 68 63 145 176 211 233 220 252 251 268 270 318 304 301 246 215 255 224

Communal affiliation

In the late Middle Ages and early modern times, the place belonged as an exclave to the Priebus rule , which was united with the Duchy of Sagan in 1419 and annexed to Silesia in 1429 . How this connection came about is unclear. Lieskau remained a Silesian exclave until 1816. In 1742 or finally in 1763 Silesia became Prussian and Lieskau thus also became a Prussian enclave in the Saxon Lower Lusatia. In 1815 the Kingdom of Saxony had to cede Niederlausitz to Prussia. With that the neighboring towns came to Prussia. With the district reform of 1816, Lieskau first came to the Spremberg-Hoyerswerda district , which was dissolved again in 1824. Lieskau was now re-assigned to the Spremberg district and remained in the Spremberg district in what was then the GDR as a result of the further district reforms of 1950 and 1952 . The Spremberg district was renamed the Spremberg district in 1990 and merged with the Forst (Lausitz) , Guben and Cottbus districts to form the Spree-Neisse district in 1993 .

Around 1860 Lieskau was divided into a municipality and an estate district. With the formation of the districts in 1874 Lieskau was assigned to District 3 Reuthen. The manor owner de Villeneuve von Bloischdorf was appointed head of office in 1875. In 1928 the municipality and manor district were combined to form the rural municipality of Lieskau. With the formation of the offices in Brandenburg in 1992, Lieskau merged with 13 other municipalities to form the Hornow / Simmersdorf office . On December 31, 2002, Lieskau was incorporated into the town of Spremberg with the communities of Groß Luja , Türkendorf , Graustein and Schönheide . The Hornow-Simmersdorf office was dissolved on March 5, 2003 by order of the Ministry of the Interior of Brandenburg. Since 2003 Lieskau is a district of Spremberg. A local advisory council consisting of three members, which represents the interests of the place against the city council. It elects the local mayor from among its number. Mayor (2019) is Harry Krause.

Church affiliation

Lieskau has no church and probably also had no church in the past. The Protestant parish belongs to the parish Runde, whose seven other villages are in Saxony. The parish Runde belongs to the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia.

Monuments and sights

According to the list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district Spree-Neisse is a ground monument

  • No. 120442 Corridor 1: German Middle Ages village center, Modern village center

and an architectural monument (ensemble).

  • No. 09125302 Lieskauer Dorfstraße 13, 14, 31, 32 Lieskau manor complex with manor house, outbuildings, farm buildings (south of the administrator's house), fencing and fortification of the manor and park. The Lieskau Castle was built in half-timbered style as a special feature of the region .

Leisure and events

The place has a pit pond, which is now used as a swimming lake. Lieskau also has an inn that was renovated in 2008 and is now also available as a community parlor. There is a rest area with a pension next to the inn.

Regular annual events in January are camping. The raising of the maypole is celebrated on April 30th. In summer, the volunteer fire brigade organizes bird shooting.

literature

  • Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. Creutz, Magdeburg 1840 (hereinafter Eickstedt, land book with corresponding page number)
  • Artur Heinrich: History of the Principality of Sagan. Schönborn in Komm., Sagan 1911 (hereinafter abbreviated Heinrich, Sagan with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume I: District of Spremberg. Degener & Co., Neustadt an der Aisch 1978 (hereinafter abbreviated to Houwald, Rittergüter, Vol. 1 Spremberg with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald: The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume VI: Guben district. Verlag Degener & Co., owner Manfred Dreiss, Neustadt an der Aisch 1999, ISBN 3-7686-4199-6 (hereinafter abbreviated to Houwald, Rittergüter, vol. 6 Guben with corresponding page number)
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Historical local lexicon of Niederlausitz. Volume 2: The districts of Cottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg 1979, ISBN 3-921-254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated Historisches Ortlexikon Niederlausitz, Vol. 2 with corresponding page number).
  • Georg Steller: Regesten Saganer fiefdoms before 1510. 68 p., Manuscript reproduced in 30 copies, near Kiev, Ukraine, April 1942 (in the following abbreviated Steller, Saganer fiefdoms with corresponding regest number)
  • Georg Steller: The nobility of the Principality of Sagan 1440-1714. Documented contributions to its history. In: Yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau. Bans 13, 1968, pp. 7-60 (hereinafter abbreviated to Steller, nobility with corresponding page number)

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Districts of the city of Spremberg. In: stadt-spremberg.de. Retrieved November 2, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, Niederlausitz, 2, pp. 138-139.
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler : The place names of Niederlausitz. VEB Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1975
  4. ↑ Steller, Saganer Lehenbriefe, Regest no. 37.
  5. ↑ Steller, Saganer Lehenbriefe, Regest no. 229.
  6. ↑ Steller, Saganer Lehenbriefe, Regest no. 89.
  7. ↑ Steller, Adel, p. 26.
  8. ↑ Steller, Adel, p. 29.
  9. ^ Heinrich, Sagan, p. 198 (= p. 109 of the document), online at Biblioteka Cyfrowa der Uniwersytet Wrocławski
  10. ↑ Steller, Adel, p. 44.
  11. ^ Heinrich, Geschichte, p. 203 (= p. 111 of the document), online at Biblioteka Cyfrowa der Uniwersytet Wrocławski
  12. ↑ Houwald, Rittergüter, Vol. 6 Guben, pp. 357–363.
  13. ↑ Steller, Adel, p. 50.
  14. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: von Pannwitz: Lehnsbriefe for the von Pannwitz family on the goods Hornow, Bagenz, Groß and Klein Gaglow, Graustein, Wadelsdorf, Klein Oßnig, Lieskau, Babow, Kahren and Kathlow: 1615, 1623, 1624, 1640
  15. ^ W. von Pannwitz: Answer to circular question No. 166 von Pannwitz. In: Familiengeschichtliche Blätter. Volume 10, Leipzig 1912, p. 116.
  16. ↑ Houwald, Rittergüter, Vol. 1, pp. 103-106.
  17. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Friedrich [II. , King in Prussia, Elector and Margrave of Brandenburg, grants Otto Sigismund von Kiekebusch and his legitimate heirs and their heirs of both sexes the Inkolat (right to acquire land in a foreign area) in Silesia, after the latter the Lieskau estate - in the Principality of Sagan located - has taken possession. 1756 June 16]
  18. ↑ a b Online at Google Books
  19. ↑ a b Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi: Earth description of the Prussian monarchy. Volume 2, Hemmerde and Schwetschke, Halle 1792, online at Google Books , pp. 602–603. from
  20. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Construction of a school in Lieskau for the municipalities of Lieskau and Reuthen and the connection of the school to the Groß Düben school association. 1819, 1834-1838, 1876, 1885
  21. ↑ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government, Oeffentlicher Anzeiger as a supplement to No. 38 of September 5, 1827, p. 260, online at Google Books
  22. ^ Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 514, online at Google Books
  23. ^ Eickstedt, Landbuch, p. 517, online at Google Books
  24. ↑ Official Gazette of the Royal Prussian Government, Oeffentlicher Anzeiger as a supplement to No. 5 of February 3, 1842, p. 35, online at Google Books
  25. ↑ Eugen Huhn: The Kingdom of Prussia represented geographically, statistically and topographically. First volume. Brandenburg and Saxony. The administrative district of Frankfurt an der Oder der Prussia. Province of Brandenburg geographically, statistically and topographically. Printed and published by Johann Karl Gottfried Wagner, Neustadt ad Orla 1848, online at Google Books , p. 76.
  26. ^ Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Third volume. Printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg, 1856, online at Google Books , p. 728.
  27. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the knight estates represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. Self-published by Rauer, Berlin 1857, online at the Heinrich Heine University and State Library in Düsseldorf .
  28. ^ A b Gothaisches genealogical pocket book of the baronial houses on the 1861, 11: 820–822, Justus Perthes, Gotha 1861, online at Google Books
  29. ↑ a b Wilhelm Riehl, J. Scheu: Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence. Scheu, Berlin 1861, online at Google Books , p. 599.
  30. ^ Adolf Frantz: General register of lordships, knights and other goods of the Prussian monarchy with information on the area, yield, property tax, owner, purchase and tax prices. Verlag der Gsellius'schen Buchhandlung, Berlin 1863, p. 107.
  31. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Representatives and mine officials of the Mathilde brown coal mine near Lieskau, Spremberg district. 1865-1895
  32. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Authorities and operation of the Aurora mine near Lieskau, Spremberg district. 1868-1869
  33. ^ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Operation and authorization of the Hesperus mine near Lieskau, Spremberg district. 1868-1869
  34. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurth ad Oder. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker and Co., Frankfurt / Oder 1867, online at Google Books
  35. ^ AG United Sorau Coal Works. Friends of Historic Securities, accessed November 1, 2019 .
  36. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. With details of the properties, their size (in Culturart), their net income from property tax, their tenants, branches of industry and post offices. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery The Province of Brandenburg. Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 184-185.
  37. ^ Paul Ellerholz: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size (in culture type); your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Postal stations; Breeding of special cattle, exploitation of livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 2nd improved edition, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1885, pp. 22-23.
  38. ↑ Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv Online research: Construction of a coal railway from the Mathilde mine near Lieskau to the Spremberg train station and loop. 1890-1898
  39. ↑ Paul Ellerholz, Ernst Kirstein, Traugott Müller, W. Gerland and Georg Volger: Handbuch des Grundbesitz im Deutschen Reiche. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size and type of culture; your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Post, telegraph and railroad stations; Breeding of special breeds of animals; Exploitation of the livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 3rd improved edition, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, Berlin 1896, pp. 118–119.
  40. ^ Paul Niekammer (ed.): Goods address book of the province of Brandenburg. List of all goods with details of the property's properties, the net income from property tax, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their removal from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city or administrative districts, the chamber, regional and local courts, the Landwehr districts as well as an alphabetical register of places and persons and a manual of the royal authorities of the province. Leipzig, Paul Niekammer, Stettin, 1907, pp. 224–225.
  41. ↑ a b Ernst Seyfert (Ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province with details of property properties, net income from property tax, total area and area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators of the Post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and administrative districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons, the manual of the royal authorities as well a map of the province of Brandenburg at a scale of 1: 1,000,000. Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1914, pp. 362–363.
  42. ^ Oskar Koehler (arrangement), Kurt Schleising (introduction): Niekammer's agricultural goods address books. Agricultural goods address book of the province of Brandenburg: Directory of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province of approx. 30 hectares upwards with details of property properties, net income from property tax, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial plants and the telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and official districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, one alphabetical place and person registers, the manual of the royal authorities and a map in the scale 1: 175.0000. Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig 1923, p. 211.
  43. ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The municipalities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population. According to the original materials of the general census of December 1, 1871. II. The Province of Brandenburg. Verlag des Königlich Statistischen Bureau, Berlin 1873, online at Google Books , pp. 234–237.
  44. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics, historical municipality register of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.13 District Spree-Neisse, PDF
  45. ↑ City of Spremberg Annual Report 2018, PDF
  46. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt an der Oder, Extraordinary Supplement to Official Gazette No. 20 of May 20, 1874, pp. 1–2, online at Google Books
  47. ^ Official journal of the Royal Prussian Government in Frankfurt an der Oder, No. 10 of March 10, 1875, p. 70, online at Google Books
  48. ^ Main statute of the city of Spremberg, PDF
  49. ^ Districts of the city of Spremberg
  50. ↑ Evangelical Sorbs in the parish Runde, PDF
  51. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: District Spree-Neiße (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum

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