Gosda (meadow ground)

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Municipality Wiesengrund
Coordinates: 51 ° 44 ′ 44 ″  N , 14 ° 32 ′ 42 ″  E
Height : 83 m above sea level NN
Area : 22.72 km²
Residents : 189  (Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 8 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 03149
Area code : 035694
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Gosda , in Lower Sorbian Gózd (outdated Gózna ), has been part of the municipality of Wiesengrund in the Spree-Neisse district (Brandenburg) since 2001 . To distinguish from the at Doebern located village Gosda II the town was formerly Gosda I called. Gosda is also used colloquially at Klinge .

location

Gosda is located in Niederlausitz , about seven kilometers west of the town of Forst (Lausitz) and on the southern edge of the Jänschwalde open-cast mine . The current district of Gosda also includes the earlier districts of Klinge and Dubrau . Today's district of Gosda borders in the north over a short distance on Grötsch , in the north-east on Bohrau , in the east over a short stretch of Mulknitz , over a larger stretch on Klein Jamno , in the south-east on Groß Jamno , in the south on Jethe and Sergen , im West to Kathlow and Dissenchen .

The original district of Gosda protruded into the Saxon Lower Lusatia until 1815. It bordered in the northeast on the field mark of the Saxon Weißagk (today devastated), in the southeast on the field mark of the Saxon Klein Jamno, in the south on the field mark of the likewise Saxon Dubrau and in the west on the field mark of the Brandenburg blade.

Gosda can be reached from the L49 coming from Forst via Groß Jamno. In Dubrau the K7110 branches off to Gosda; it continues to Bohrau. The town center is about 80  m above sea level. NHN .

history

The earliest written mention of Gosda probably dates from 1344. However, the date of the document, which is based on a copy of a copy, is disputed. Other authors date it to 1389 or 1399. In this copy, Kaspar von Dohna certified the settlement of the dispute over the border between Klinge and Beeskow, commissioned by Hans von Biberstein , Herr zu Sorau and Beeskow, and Hans von Cottbus, Herr zu Cottbus Grötsch in Cottbus and Weißagk in Forst. The name Gosda is derived from the word “gozd” = English oak-hornbeam forest. The name is thus to be interpreted as a settlement in the forest. According to Rudolf Lehmann, Gosda was originally a small round village based on its structure .

Ownership history

In 1536 the brothers Christoph and Antonius von Kottwitz were enfeoffed with the town of Gosda and the village of Klinge and the mill. Christoph is said to have built a watermill between Klinge and Gosda, which later became the Buschmühle, and equipped it with the compulsory meal for both villages. Anton von Kottwitz auf Klinge and Gusow ( recte Gosda) married a Margaretha NN in 1538. He died without a physical heir in 1540, his share went to his brother Christoph. Christoph was married to Anna von Zabeltitz, with whom he had sons Günther, Nickel, Georg and Baltzer von Kottwitz, who were grown up in 1548. At that time you were enfeoffed at Gut Sallgast .

Christoph von Kottwitz died in 1555. His son Günther von Kottwitz was the secret councilor and treasurer of the Brandenburg margrave Johann von Küstrin . He owned Sommerfeld, Baudach, Matzdorf, Gosda (share) Grabko, Dubrau, Neuhausen, Bräsinchen, Groß Oßnig, Sergen, Trebendorf , Klinge (share) and Mattendorf. He was married to Hedwig von Zabeltitz. Georg seems to have died early. Nickel and Balthasar / Baltzer followed as owners of Gosda, who in 1561 bought his share of Klinge mit der Mühle and Gosda from their brother Günther. Apparently Baltzer's share in Nickel also fell, because in 1609 the sons of Nickel, Georg, Nickel, Caspar and Antonius von Kottwitz owned Gosda and Klinge together. Apparently Gosda fell to Antonius alone, but he died in 1612. Thereupon his brother Georg took over the estate, but got into financial difficulties and had to sell Klinge and Gosda in 1621 to Ernst von Kracht on Strega. After the death of the father in 1625, the sons of Ernst, Eustachius, Hans Otto and Isaac were enfeoffed with the paternal goods. The daughter Barbara married Sebastian von Zabeltitz on Eichow. The daughter Anna Margaretha married Georg von Löben on Schorbus.

In 1644 Eustach von Kracht was the sole owner of Gosda and Klinge. On October 22nd, 1644, the Cottbus mayor Johann Meißner swore in the name of Eustachius von Kracht the feudal obligation for blades. All accepted were Isaac, the brother of Eustach (here the father of the two Ernst von Kracht is called sel.), Heinrich Sigismund, the son of the late Christoph von Kracht zu Strega, and George Abraham, the son of the late Hans von Kracht to Klein Rietz. The following are also named as joint owners: Dietrich, the colonel and son of the late Baltzer von Kracht auf Milkersdorf, Philipp Heinrich, the son of the late Baltzer von Kracht auf Türkendorf, and Bartsch Hildebrand and Abraham, the sons of the late Bartsch von Kracht auf Sachsdorf. But none of these were present. Only Dietrich von Kracht, the Colonel, had given the courage on August 24, 1641 and received a note of courage, which he had lost in the Battle of Leipzig on June 19, 1643. Another encouragement slip was issued to him and since he was not coming to Küstrin himself, his authorized representative, the Electoral Chamberlain, Chief Stable Master and Colonel George Ehrenreich von Burgsdorff , gave up his duties on December 13, 1644. In 1652 Eustachius von Kracht is still in possession of Klinge and Gosda. The watermill between Gosda and Klinge and the windmill in Klinge were both passable . The marriage foundation between Eustach von Kracht and Elisabeth von Maltitz for a marriage allowance of 2,000 thalers dates from November 28, 1654 . He bequeathed his goods Klinge and Gosda to his two sons Erdmann and Ernst von Kracht. However, they sold (or inherited) Klinge and Gosda to a cousin; In 1683 the two villages belonged to Isaac von Kracht, son of Veit von Kracht. He had no male heirs when he died in 1691. Gosda and Klinge therefore came to his son-in-law Alexander Sigismund von Kracht auf Strega, who was married to his daughter Anna Elisabeth. Alexander Sigismund von Kracht died in 1700 or 1702 and left behind four sons Caspar Heinrich, Heinrich Sigismund, Christoph Ernst and Alexander Magnus. The marriage foundation of Hans Christoph von Pfuel and Barbara von Kracht, the alleged daughter of Alexander Sigismund von Kracht for a sum of 800 thalers in marriage money, dates from 1701 and 1711 . It is mentioned here with the Gosna Denomination of Origin . They were probably subsequent confirmations from the marriage foundation. After Houwald, Alexander Sigismund von Kracht had to cede Gosda to Hans Christoph von Pfuel because of high monetary claims. This in turn left Gosda in 1713 to his son-in-law Jobst Ernst von Schönfeldt on Werben, who in 1708 had concluded a marriage foundation with Sofie Juliane von Pfuel. Jobst Ernst on the advertising share Jobstens Hof died in 1725. The widow married Heinrich Wilhelm von Pannwitz for the second time.

Sofie Juliane von Pannwitz used. von Schönfeldt, b. von Pfuel sold Gosda in 1729 with a knight's seat, sheep farm, mill, etc. for 7,150 thalers to Gottlob Heinrich von Kracht, the son of Bartusch Heinrich von Kracht, district administrator and state elder of the Spremberg district in Türkendorf . He had already acquired the neighboring village of Klinge beforehand. In 1740 Gottlob Heinrich von Kracht sold Klinge and Gosda for 27,000 thalers and 500 thalers of key money to Major General Bernhard von Beauvryé . In 1740 he married Johanna Henriette von Linger, daughter of the general of the artillery Christian Nikolaus von Linger . The marriage resulted in four sons and two daughters. Three sons, Ludwig Leonhard, Friedrich Reinhard and Otto Christian August, became officers in the Prussian army, and Gottlieb Ehrenreich was a member of the chamber judge. Over time, Friedrich Reinhard von Beauvrye was able to buy the siblings' shares in Gosda, while his brother Otto Christian August brought Klinge into his possession. However, this ran into financial difficulties and Ludwig Leopold von Kleist was finally able to acquire a blade in an auction. Friedrich Reinhard von Beauvrye was finally able to assert Gosda that Gulde named him Gosda in 1787, and on his death on August 8, 1806, he bequeathed the estate to the Invalidenhaus in Berlin as a permanent foundation . His foster son, Jodocus Valentin Schlegel, was to have the usufruct of the Gosda estate as long as he lived. Since the property was of little use to the disabled, this institution sold Gosda in 1810 for 3,000 thalers to Jodocus Schlegel. In 1820 he sold the Gosda estate to General Karl Wilhelm Georg von Grolmann for a whopping profit for 22,200 thalers . Karl Wilhelm Georg von Grolmann married Sofie von Gerlach in 1804, who, however, died in 1807. In 1816 he married Hedwig Freiin von Rotenhan for the second time. He was a knight of the Order of the Black Eagle and lastly commanding general of the 5th Army Corps in Posen, where he died on September 15, 1843. Heir to Gosda was his eldest son Karl Heinrich Sigismund von Grolmann (* 23 October 1824, † 18 May 1895). He was married to Gerhardine Luise Josephine Freiin von Steinäcker; the marriage remained childless. Karl Heinrich Sigismund von Grolmann made it to the position of lieutenant colonel in the Prussian army and was later president of the district court in Neisse. In 1856, his economic inspector Zdkrzewski was the police administrator in Gosda for the manor owner Grolmann, who was still a lieutenant at the time, who was staying in Poznan. Rauer (1857) mentions that Gosda was a family fideikommiss for male descent, which was established after the death of General Grolmann. He describes Karl Heinrich Sigismund von Grolmann as a lieutenant a. D. (= out of service). The manor Gosda had to Berghaus (1854) and Adolph Frantz (1863) size of 1704 morning , morning thereof 439/440 acre, 61 acre meadows and 1081 morning forest. Adolph Frantz also describes Gosda as a family fideikommiss. The general address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire from 1879 now quantifies the size of the manor in hectares, a total of 396.89 ha, of which 138.94 ha arable, 22.72 ha meadows, 4.32 ha Hutung, 224, 85 hectares of forest and 6.02 hectares of water. A brick factory also belonged to the estate. In 1874, with the introduction of the administrative districts in Prussia, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Heinrich Sigismund von Grolmann was appointed head of the district 8 Gosda, and his deputy was the manor baron von Steinäcker auf Klinge.

The handbook of real estate in the German Empire from 1885 indicates a size of 397 hectares and puts the net income from property tax at 2249 marks. The main focus of the estate's economy was dairy farming and wool sheep. Karl Heinrich Sigismund von Grolmann died in 1895 and bequeathed Gosda to his nephew Karl von Grolmann.

Karl von Grolmann (1872–1932) was married to Irmgard von Rochow. The marriage resulted in four daughters. The handbook of real estate in the German Empire from 1910 now names a size of 411 ha, with 139 ha of arable land, 23 ha of meadow, 4 ha of Hutung, 225 ha of forest and 6 ha of water. The net income from property tax was 2226 marks. In contrast, Niekammer's property address book for the province of Brandenburg from 1914 again gives a total size of 392 hectares. The manual of real estate in the German Empire of 1921, on the other hand, names 409 hectares in total. 14 horses, 31 cattle, 24 pigs and five sheep were kept on the estate. According to Niekammer 's address book for the province of Brandenburg from 1923, the manor was only 398 hectares in size. In addition to 14 horses, 30 head of cattle, 20 sheep and 20 pigs were kept. In 1929 Karl Grolmann had his Gut Gosda run by an A. Volz. After his death in 1932 the property was sold, the buyer is unknown.

Village history

In 1635 there were eleven peasant hooves on the field marrow of the village, two of which were desolate. There were also three gardening positions, one of which was desert and a shepherd. In 1652 only two farmers lived in Gosda, seven farmer's hooves were desolate, the fields were partly cultivated by the Vorwerk. The judge's two hooves had been taken to the farm long ago . A gardener also lived in Gosda. The knight's seat in Gosda was built around 1700 . In 1718/19 the Vorwerk consisted of 8½ purchased farmer's hooves (no knight's hooves!) And two farmer's hooves that were cultivated by two farmers. In addition, there were two hooves . In the village lived next to two farmers, four gardeners and one Büdner. In addition, the watermill on the border with Klinge zu Gosda also had a hoof of land. The arable land was divided into two fields that were sown annually. Gulde reports 17 houses and 112 inhabitants. In 1779 five colonist families with a total of 16 people were settled in Gosda.

Gosda on the Urmes table sheet 4253 Forst from 1845, with the Buschmühle (top left, without proper name) and the brickworks

In 1805 Gosda consisted of the village and the aristocratic estate east of the actual village center on the way to Eulo (today Forster way 2 and 3). Two whole farmers lived in the village , five farmers , three Büdners and two residents, and the miller and his family lived in the water mill. A forester was responsible for around 1000 acres of wood. Bratring names 19 fireplaces (residential houses) and 121 residents. In 1818 20 houses and 113 inhabitants were counted. In 1840 the number of houses had increased to 26 houses; the population was 146. By 1864, another house had been built, so now 27 houses in which 164 people lived. There was also a brick factory on the eastern edge of the district and a sheep farm. The water mill was still there. Three farmsteads had already been moved out of the village center.

Until the middle of the 19th century, the majority of the population still spoke Sorbian ; in 1854, however, school instruction in the Sorbian language was discontinued. In 1850 70 of 178 inhabitants (= 39%) were still speaking Wendish. In 1867 107 of 161 residents (= 66%) were still speaking Wendish.

In 1931 a villa was built on the boundary between Klinge and Gosda. The villa was later used as a children's home. In 1945 the village was evacuated and the inhabitants soon returned after the fighting ended. By 1960 the LPG "Roter Stern" Gosda had formed in the village. On May 1, 1973 Dubrau was incorporated into Gosda. On January 8, 1980, the neighboring village of Klinge was largely devastated and the remaining place was incorporated into the Gosda municipality on January 8, 1980. The districts of the two incorporated places were dissolved and combined with the district of Gosda.

Population development in Gosda from 1787 to 1971
year 1787 1805 1818 1840 1864 1875 1890 1900 1910 1925 1939 1946 1950 1964 1971 1981 1991 2000
Residents 112 121 113 146 164 189 167 167 155 188 198 361 332 357 333 456 379 468

Local political affiliation

The Lower Lusatian town of Gosda belonged to the Cottbus dominion , which fell to the Electorate of Brandenburg in 1445 (half of Reinhard von Cottbus) and 1455 (half of Luther von Cottbus). In 1494 the lordships of Cottbus and Peitz were annexed to the Neumark . At the time of the division of the Mark Brandenburg (1535–1571) under Joachim II and Johann von Küstrin , the dominions Cottbus and Peitz belonged to the Principality of Brandenburg-Küstrin . In the early modern period, the Cottbus Beritt, and later the Cottbus Circle , emerged from the two lords . In 1806 Prussia had to cede the lordships of Cottbus and Peitz and the Cottbus district to the Kingdom of Saxony . In 1813/4 they came back to Prussia, and in 1815 the rest of Lower Lusatia, which Saxony had to cede to Prussia. In the district reform of 1816/7, the new Cottbus district, later the Cottbus district, was formed, to which the former Lower Lusatian enclaves were incorporated. In return, some previous exclaves were lost to neighboring districts. Gosda remained in the Cottbus district. In 1928 the parish and manor district were combined to form the parish of Gosda. In the district and district reform of 1952 in what was then the German Democratic Republic , the new Forst district was formed in the also new Cottbus district; Gosda was assigned to this new circle. Most of the blade was devastated and the restort was incorporated into Gosda on January 8, 1981. After reunification, 14 communities in the Forst and Spremberg districts merged to form the Döbern-Land office . During the district reform in 1993 in Brandenburg in the district of Spree-Neisse, the district of Forst was merged. As of December 31, 2001, the previously independent communities of Gahry , Gosda, Jethe , Mattendorf and Trebendorf formed the new community of Wiesengrund. Since then, Gosda has been a part of the municipality of Wiesengrund. A local advisory council consisting of three members is elected in Gosda.

Church affiliation

Gosda was parish off to Mulknitz in 1818. Today it belongs to the Kreuzkirchengemeinde Forst-Nord in the Evangelical Church District Cottbus.

Replica of the steeple of the Klinger Church in Gosda

Bushmill

The watermill, probably built around 1536 on the border with Klinge, existed until the mid-1950s. In 1929 Gustav May also ran a pond farm on the Buschmühle. After the estate was dissolved in the 19th century, it remained in the possession of the miller's family. It was operated as a grain, oil and cutting mill until the mid-1950s. Later the water drive was given up and an electric motor was installed. The mill and the associated land were located in the area of ​​the planned Jänschwalde open-cast mine . In 1980 this part of the place was demolished. About 50 residents were resettled.

Monuments and sights

The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg for the district of Spree-Neisse indicates for Gosda i. e. S. (without Dubrau and blade) two ground monuments from:

  • No. 120125 Corridor 1: a burial ground from the Bronze Age
  • No. 120160 Corridor 1: the center of the German Middle Ages and modern times

literature

  • Heinrich Karl Wilhelm Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century; or geographical-historical-statistical description of the Province of Brandenburg, at the instigation of the State Minister and Upper President Flottwell. Third volume. XCV S. + 783 S., printed and published by Adolph Müller, Brandenburg, 1856. Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated Berghaus, Landbuch, 3 with corresponding page number)
  • Friedrich Wilhelm August Bratring : Statistical-topographical description of the entire Mark Brandenburg. Third and last volume: Containing the Neumark Brandenburg. VIII, 390 pp., Maurer, Berlin 1809 Online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated Bratring, Neumark Brandenburg, with corresponding page number).
  • Documentation of relocations due to mining , archive of lost places, forest 2010
  • Carl von Eickstedt: Contributions to a newer land book of the Brandenburg brands: prelates, knights, cities, fiefdoms, or Roßdienst and fiefdom. Creutz, Magdeburg 1840, online at Google Books (in the following abbreviated Eickstedt, Landbuch, with corresponding page number)
  • Christian Carl Gulde: Historical-geographical-state description of the rule Cottbus. Lausitzisches Magazin or collection of various treatises and news, 20 (3): 33–36, (4): 49–52, 69–71, 99–102, 133–137, Görlitz 1788 (1787) hereinafter abbreviated to Gulde, description of the Lordship of Cottbus with corresponding page number)
  • Götz Freiherr von Houwald : The Niederlausitz manors and their owners. Volume VII Kottbus District. 278 S., Neustadt an der Aisch 2001, Verlag Degener & Co. ISBN 3-7686-4206-2
  • Rudolf Lehmann : Sources for the history of Niederlausitz I. part. 290 p., Böhlau Verlag, Cologne, Vienna 1972 (p. 240)
  • Rudolf Lehmann: Historical local lexicon for Niederlausitz. Volume 2 The districts of Cottbus, Spremberg, Guben and Sorau. Hessisches Landesamt für Geschichtliche Landeskunde, Marburg, 1979 ISBN 3-921254-96-5 (hereinafter abbreviated Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon Niederlausitz, 2 with corresponding page number)
  • George Adalbert von Mülverstedt , Ed .: Collection of marriage foundations and personal commemorative letters of the knightly families of the provinces of Saxony, Brandenburg, Pomerania and Prussia . 360 p., Magdeburg 1863 (hereinafter abbreviated to Mülverstedt, marriage foundations and personal property letters with the corresponding page number)
  • Lost home - mining and its effects on churches and parishes in Upper and Lower Lusatia , Cottbus 2007 ISBN 3-935826-88-5

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Facts and Figures. In: amt-doebern-land.de. Office Döbern-Land, accessed on August 31, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: The disputed border between the Saxon Gut Weißagk (Weißack, Sorau district) and the Brandenburg villages of Grötsch, Klinge, Branitz, Tranitz and Gosda. In it: contains u. a .: Copy of the document: Kaspar von Dohna notarizes his settlement of the dispute over the border between Klinge and Grötsch in the lordship of Cottbus on behalf of Hans von Biberstein, Herr zu Sorau and Beeskow, and Hans von Cottbus, Herr zu Cottbus and Weißagk in der Herrschaft Forst, 1344 (?) (Bl. 12-13; copy from 1748 of a certified copy from 1681; cf. Rudolf Lehmann, document inventory for the history of Niederlausitz bis 1400, 1968, pp. 378-380 No. 996 with the date of the document in the late 14th century)
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler |: The place names of Niederlausitz. 189 p., VEB Domowina-Verlag , Bautzen, 1975, p. 52.
  4. ↑ a b c Lehmann, Historisches Ortslexikon, Niederlausitz, 2, pp. 51/52.
  5. ↑ Mülverstedt, Marriage Foundations and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 96 Online at Google Books .
  6. ^ A b Brandenburgisches Landeshauptarchiv: Online research: copy of the Lehns- und Leibgedingebriefe, issued by Landvogt Count Albrecht Schlick. Inside: Contains: Leibgedinge for Katharina, wife of Apitz von Bomsdorf zu Bomsdorf, on three farms in Sembten, undated - Heinrich and Ernst Gebrüder von Schütz, 1527, and Christoph and Otto von Schütz, 1542 on Gut Pulsberg. - Veit, Jakob and Eustach von Schlieben via the Schenkendorf and Hohendorf estates and 13 farms at Alt Golßen, 1542. - Jan von Wehlen (the elder) at Lübben via the Frauenberg estate along with Neuendorf, half of Treppendorf and a number of farms at Garrenchen, Egsdorf and Zaacko, 1543. - Jan von Wehlen (the elder) over a vineyard in front of the Luckauer Tor zu Lübben and the property which he bought from the Chistoph or the limping seamstress, 1546. - Joachim von Zschannewitz zu Wüstenhain over the Freihaus zu Calau , located in front of the castle on the city wall, 1546. - Treasures of Anna von Wolfersdorf, wife of Eustach von Schlieben, about the Golzig and Schäcksdorf (?) estates, 1550. - Siegmund von Knobloch about the Freihaus in Spremberg (formerly Waltersdorf ' sche) and 23 farms (16 Hüfner, 6 gardeners, 1 miller) at Gosda, 1546. - Veit, Michel, Jakob and Eustach from Schlieben to Baruth, Golzig and Zieckau via the Schenkendorf, Hohendorf, Zieckau, Kümmr itz, Mahlsdorf, Schäksdorf, 1550. - Albrecht von Selstrang on his brother Hans von Selstrang's share in the Sachsdorf estate, 1548. - Georg von Zedlitz zu Spremberg with meadow and field behind the castle at Spremberg on the Lache and Spree and the Oberteschnitzer mill , 1548. - Johann Eberhardt, town clerk in Luckau, about the house of Hans Weißberg zu Schlabendorf and 2 Hufen Acker, 1548. - Hans von Kottwitz zu Sallgast, Christoph von Kottwitz zu Klinge and his sons Günther, Nickel, Georg and Baltzer von Kottwitz about the Sallgast estate, 1548. - Brothers Antonius, Wenzel, Georg and Seifried von Lawalt zu Radeweise as well as Hans von Dallwitz and his cousin Siegmund von Dallwitz auf Starzeddel because of mutual collective hand, 1548. - Brothers Caspar, Albrecht and Hans von Selstrang because of of her brother Andreas von Selstrang's share in the Sachsdorf estate, 1548. - Benedikt Franke, otherwise known as a judge, to Guben over a vineyard, with his brothers Caspar, B arthel, Melchior and Baltzer Franke, 1549, as well as all the Franke brothers, otherwise called Richter, about the village of Pohlo (Poel) and the Kameinckemühle (Kaniger Mühle), 1549. - Brothers Nicol and Kunz von Löben on Groß Döbbern about the Gut Bühlow (Behla), 1549. - Brothers Antonius, Wenzel, Georg and Seifried von Lawalt on the Starzeddel estate, 1550. - Treasure trove for Anna von Köckritz, wife of Dietrich von Köckritz on the Vorwerk and the vineyard between Calau and Saßleben, 1550. - Brothers Caspar, Christoph and Baltzer von Schönaich over half the village of Baudach, 1550. - Brothers Georg, Apitz and Hans von Bomsdorf on Bomsdorf, brothers Siegmund and Antonius von Bomsdorf on Groß Breesen and Jan von Bomsdorf on Weißagk over the goods Schiedlo, Schönfeld and Klein Breesen (Bresinchen) by the abbot zu Neuzelle, 1550. - Hans Richter zu Werchow on the court of Werchow, 1550. - Balthasar von Kalckreuth on the village of Bernsdorf and Caspar von Kalckreuth on half the village of Niewerle , 1551. - Apitz von Tschertwitz zu Lübben on a garden near the castle, 1551. - Brothers Lorenz, Bernhard and Valten Sonnewald, otherwise known as List, on the Vorwerk and Freihof zu Steinkirchen, 1551. - Nickel Mieth zu Luckau on arable and meadow land , 1551. - Reinhard von Lukowien and his brothers Hans, Max, Bastian and Philipp zu Trebatsch on the Mittweide and Skuhlen estates, 1552. - Melchior von Löben as joint hands of his cousins ​​Nicol and Kunz von Löben on Groß Döbbern over the Bühlow estate, 1553 - Seifried and Georg von Stutterheim on their brother Abraham's share in the Golßen estate, 1553. 1542–1553
  7. ^ Mülverstedt, Ehestiftungen and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 181 Online at Google Books .
  8. ^ Mülverstedt, Marriage Foundations and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 190 Online at Google Books .
  9. ↑ a b Eickstedt, contributions, p. 284 online at Google Books
  10. ↑ a b Gerhard Krüger: The Lordship of Cottbus and its population after the Thirty Years' War. 94 pp., Albert Heine, Cottbus 1936, pp. 25/26.
  11. ^ Mülverstedt, Ehestiftungen and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 321 Online at Google Books .
  12. ^ Mülverstedt, Marriage Foundations and Leibgedingsbriefe, p. 331 Online at Google Books .
  13. ^ Gulde, Description of the Lordship of Cottbus, p. 50. Online at Google Books
  14. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a / O., Year 1861, Extraordinary Supplement to Item 41, from October 8, 1856 Online at Google Books p. 8.
  15. ^ Karl Friedrich Rauer: Hand register of the knight estates represented in all circles of the Prussian state on district and state parliaments. 454 p., Self-published by Rauer, Berlin 1857, p. 123.
  16. ^ Berghaus, Landbuch, 3, p. 594. Online at Google Books
  17. ↑ a b Adolf Frantz: General register of lordships, knights and other goods of the Prussian monarchy with information on the area, yield, property tax, owner, purchase and tax prices. 117 p., Verlag der Gsellius'schen Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1863, p. 74.
  18. ^ Paul Ellerholz, H. Lodemann, H. von Wedell: General address book of the manor and estate owners in the German Empire. With details of the properties, their size (in Culturart), their net income from property tax, their tenants, branches of industry and post offices. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery The Province of Brandenburg. 311 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin 1879, PDF , pp. 42–43.
  19. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Government of Frankfurt a / O., Year 1861, Extraordinary supplement to the 28th issue, from July 15, 1874 online at Google Books p. 2.
  20. ^ Paul Ellerholz: Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. With indication of all goods, their quality, their size (in culture type); your property tax net income; their owners, tenants, administrators etc .; of industries; Postal stations; Breeding of special cattle, exploitation of livestock etc. I. The Kingdom of Prussia. I. Delivery: Province of Brandenburg. 2nd improved edition, 340 pp., Berlin, Nicolaische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1885, pp. 22/23.
  21. ↑ Reinhold Reichert, Royal Authorities and Chamber of Agriculture for the Province of Brandenburg (Ed.): Handbook of real estate in the German Empire. Brandenburg Province. 5th completely revised edition. I-LXXXVI (1-86), 376 p., + 24 p. (Location register), Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung R. Stricker, Berlin, 1910 (p. 34/35)
  22. ^ Ernst Seyfert (ed.): Goods address book for the province of Brandenburg. List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province with details of the property properties, the net income from property tax, the total area and area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the property, tenants and administrators of the Post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the estate, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and administrative districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons, the manual of the royal authorities as well a map of the province of Brandenburg at a scale of 1: 1,000,000. XLV, 433 p., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1914, p. 232/33.
  23. ↑ R. Stricker, with the participation of the authorities and chambers of agriculture (ed.): Handbuch des Grundbesitzes im Deutschen Reiche. Brandenburg Province. Complete address book of all manors, estates and larger farms with details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, as well as the telephone connections, the property property, the property tax net income, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, livestock exploitation, animal breeding and special crops, industrial facilities, courts and administrative districts, along with an alphabetical register of places and persons, an overview of the agricultural and structural conditions of the respective part of the country, a directory of the agricultural authorities and associations, cooperatives and industrial companies, as well as an exact map. 6th completely revised edition, 296 pp., Nicolaische Verlags-Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1921, pp. 22/24.
  24. ^ Oskar Koehler (arrangement), Kurt Schleising (introduction): Niekammer's agricultural goods address books. Agricultural goods address book of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and larger farms in the province of approx. 30 hectares upwards with details of property properties, net income from property tax, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, livestock, all industrial plants and the telephone connections, information about the property, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the Protestant and Catholic parishes, the registry office districts, the city and official districts, the higher regional, regional and local courts, one alphabetical place and person registers, the manual of the royal authorities and a map in the scale 1: 175.0000. I-XXXII, 343 p., Reichenbach'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Leipzig, 1923, p. 134/35.
  25. ↑ Ernst Seyfert, Hans Wehner, Alexander Haußknecht, Ludwig Hogrefe (eds.): Agricultural address book of the manors, estates and farms of the province of Brandenburg: List of all manors, estates and farms from approx. 20 ha upwards with information on the property, the total area and the area of ​​the individual crops, the livestock, the company's own industrial facilities and telephone connections, details of the owners, tenants and administrators, the post, telegraph and railway stations and their distance from the property, the regional and local courts, an alphabetical register of places and persons , a directory of the most important government agencies and agencies, agricultural associations and corporations. 4th increased and improved edition, 464 p., Leipzig, Verlag von Niekammer's address books, Leipzig, 1929 (Niekammer's goods address books Volume VII) p. 196.
  26. ↑ a b Gulde, Description of the Lordship of Cottbus, p. 34 Online at Google Books
  27. ↑ a b Bratring, Neumark Brandenburg, p. 347 Online at Google Books
  28. ↑ a b Topographical-statistical overview of the administrative district of Frankfurth ad O. 388 p., G. Hayn, Berlin, 1820, p. 53.
  29. ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. 270 S., Frankfurt a. O., Gustav Harnecker's Buchhandlung, 1844 Online at Google Books , p. 40.
  30. ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. 346 S., published by Gustav Harnecker u. Co., Frankfurt a. Cit., 1867 Online at Google Books p. 42.
  31. ↑ Arnost Muka: Pućowanja po Serbach. Nakład Domowiny, Budyšin 1957.
  32. ↑ Contribution to the statistics of the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics. Historical community directory of the State of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005 19.13 District Spree-Neisse PDF
  33. ↑ Main statutes of the municipality of Wiesengrund from February 10, 2009 PDF
  34. ^ Evangelical Kreuzkirchengemeinde Forst-Nord
  35. ↑ Fischerei-Zeitung, Volume 32, 1929, p. 104 snippets at Google Books
  36. ↑ Documentation of relocations caused by mining, Archive of Disappeared Places, Forst 2010, page 110.
  37. ↑ Documentation of relocations caused by mining, Archive of Disappeared Places, Forst 2010, page 111.
  38. ↑ List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg: District Spree-Neiße (PDF) Brandenburg State Office for Monument Preservation and State Archaeological Museum