Fürstenberg (Oder)
Fürstenberg ( Lower Sorbian Pśibrjog , Polish Przybrzeg ) is a district of Eisenhüttenstadt in Brandenburg . The village, founded in the 13th century, was an independent small town until 1961 and was incorporated into the newly founded city of Stalinstadt on November 13, 1961 . The united city was named Eisenhüttenstadt. On December 31, 2016, Fürstenberg had 4862 inhabitants.
Fürstenberg was able to largely preserve its historic old town center with many architectural monuments and is therefore a specialty among the cities on the Oder.
Geographical location
Fürstenberg is located in the north of Niederlausitz on the west bank of the Oder at the confluence of the Oder-Spree Canal , about 25 kilometers south of Frankfurt an der Oder .
history
Fürstenberg was founded in the course of eastern colonization around 1250 by the Wettin margrave Heinrich the illustrious . For centuries the country town was owned and ruled by the Cistercian monastery Neuzelle . It was first mentioned in a document on December 18, 1286. Today's Nikolaikirche was built in the early 15th century .
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The industrial development began when Fürstenberg received a train station in 1846 with the construction of the Lower Silesian-Märkische Railway . A glassworks was built at the station, for which glass workers from Bohemia were recruited. Mainly lampshades were made there.
At the beginning of the 20th century, Fürstenberg had a Protestant church from the 14th century, a Catholic chapel and was the seat of a local court . The Oder Bridge was opened in 1919.
In 1880 an aniline factory was built on Buchwaldstrasse, which existed until 1915. The Oder-Spree Canal was opened in 1891 . The height difference to the Oder was overcome with a three-step lock staircase. In order to be able to lock larger barges, the lock staircase was replaced by a twin shaft lock in 1925 .
Shipping was also decisive for urban development. There were a number of ports and shops and inns to feed the boatmen. From Fürstenberg, the barges , which were drifting on the Oder from Silesia and mainly loaded with coal , were taken over by a tugboat and towed over the canal to Berlin.
In April 1936 the Reichssegelflugbauschule 2 moved into a former wicker factory and operated several glider airfields in the area. The flight operations were stopped again in 1940 because of the settlement of DEGUSSA. After the war, the building housed the extended high school Clara Zetkin, where Tamara Bunke and Rudolf Bahro studied, among others .
Around 1939, the establishment of some armaments factories began , including an arms factory of the Rheinmetall-Borsig Group, a branch of Focke-Wulf and a Degussa chemical factory, which was outsourced from Berlin due to the war . A large power plant was built north of the city . The necessary workforce came from the POW camp III B Stalag . Between 1940 and 1943, a new inland port was built on the Oder-Spree Canal as the “transshipment port of the General Building Inspector ”, today's port of Eisenhüttenstadt . Large-sized granite blocks for the planned world capital Germania were stored at the port , which were used after the war for the central Soviet memorial in Berlin and the construction of Stalinstadt. After the end of the Second World War , the industrial facilities were dismantled as part of reparations .
Towards the end of the Second World War , on the afternoon of February 4, 1945, the Soviet 33rd Army reached the Oder bridge to Kloppitz south of the village. The Oder Bridge was probably blown up by the Wehrmacht on February 4, 1945 at around 10:30 a.m. , but this could not prevent the subsequent conquest of the city by the Red Army . The construction pioneer Justus Jürgensen, who perished in the demolition, was posthumously awarded the Knight's Cross and named in the newsreel on March 5, 1945. But there are also contemporary witnesses (Günter Soslarek) who can remember that the bridge was blown up on February 3rd.
After the end of the war, the region east of the Oder, which here formed part of the Oder-Neisse line , was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet Union in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement in 1945 , whereby Fürstenberg was geographically divided and became a border town. The eastern parts of the urban area (essentially the place Kloppitz , today Kłopot) was placed under Polish administration. A short-lived town called Przybrzeg was formed from it. The Oder Bridge has not been rebuilt to this day; Remains are still preserved on the east bank. Due to the only minor damage in the historic city center, Fürstenberg has the best preserved old town center on the western bank of the Oder, which remained with the Federal Republic of Germany after 1945.
In 1950, Fürstenberg moved from the dissolved Guben district to the new Frankfurt (Oder) district . Two years later, the district reforms in the GDR formed the district of Fürstenberg from parts of the Frankfurt district . The city lost its independence through the merger with Stalinstadt to form Eisenhüttenstadt in 1961. The city was added to the new Eisenhüttenstadt district. The Fürstenberg district was then renamed Eisenhüttenstadt-Land and existed until 1993. Its administrative headquarters remained in Eisenhüttenstadt until then.
In July 2005 the artist Gunter Demnig laid Stolpersteine for Emma and Siegfried Fellert at Königstraße 61 .
Demographics
| year | population | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 1370 | in 252 residential buildings |
| 1840 | 1873 | in 299 residential buildings |
| 1850 | 2080 | in 298 residential buildings |
| 1864 | 2693 | in 330 residential buildings |
| 1867 | 2724 | on December 3rd |
| 1871 | 2753 | on December 1st, including 2,651 Evangelicals, 66 Catholics, 36 Jews |
| 1875 | 3029 | |
| 1880 | 3213 | |
| 1890 | 4021 | including 429 Catholics and 43 Jews |
| 1900 | 5735 | mostly evangelicals |
| 1910 | 6384 | on December 1st |
| 1925 | 7317 | |
| 1933 | 7054 | |
| 1939 | 6820 | |
| 1950 | ? | |
| 1960 | ? |
Incorporations
In 1944 and a second time in 1950, the village of Schönfließ was incorporated into Fürstenberg.
Sights and monuments
See: List of architectural monuments in Fürstenberg (Oder)
literature
- Heinrich Berghaus : Land book of the Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, pp. 540-543 ( online ).
- Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl , J. Scheu (ed.): Berlin and the Mark Brandenburg with the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in their history and in their present existence . Scheu, Berlin 1861, pp. 553–556 ( digitized version ) of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Poznański Dziennik Wojewódzki - rok 1945, no 12, poz. 88 (page 12) .
- ↑ Community and district directory of the state of Brandenburg. Land surveying and geographic base information Brandenburg (LGB), accessed on June 21, 2020.
- ↑ a b c Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 7, Leipzig / Vienna 1907, p. 220 ( Zeno.org )
- ↑ Axel Drieschner, Barbara Schulz: Monument or contaminated site? A power station ruin in Eisenhüttenstadt tells of the arms industry, forced labor and war . In: kunsttexte eV (Ed.): Kunsttexte.de . No. 2 . Berlin 2002 ( hu-berlin.de [PDF]).
- ^ Eisenhüttenstadt from the water. Retrieved September 30, 2017 .
- ↑ Eisenhüttenstadt working group (ed.): Eisenhüttenstadt. "First socialist city in Germany". Berlin 1999.
- ↑ Joachim Schneider, The Oder during the war in the spring of 1945 , in communications from the Historisches Verein zu Frankfurt (Oder) eV, 2001, issue 2, p. 12
- ↑ Lausitzer Landeszeitung of February 14, 1945, which cites the Wehrmacht report of February 6.
- ^ MOZ of March 13, 2015
- ↑ Emma Fellert. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 22, 2014 ; Retrieved December 9, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Siegfried Fellert. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on February 22, 2014 ; Retrieved December 9, 2011 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Heinrich Berghaus : Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg und des Markgrafthums Nieder-Lausitz , Volume 3, Brandenburg 1856, S. 541 ( online ).
- ↑ Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Frankfurt ad O. Gustav Harnecker's bookstore, Frankfurt a. O. 1844, p. 77, No. 1 ( online ).
- ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Frankfurt a. O. Verlag von Gustav Harnecker u. Co., 1867, p. 85, No. 1 (on- line ).
- ↑ a b Royal Statistical Bureau: The communities and manor districts of the Prussian state and their population . Part II: Province of Brandenburg , Berlin 1873, pp. 184-185, No. 1 ( online ).
- ↑ a b c d e f Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. guben.html. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ^ Municipal directory Germany 1900 - Kingdom of Prussia - Province of Brandenburg, administrative district of Frankfurt, district of Guben. January 5, 2020, accessed August 26, 2020 .
Coordinates: 52 ° 9 ′ N , 14 ° 40 ′ E