Fürstenberg (Oder) lock stairs

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Fürstenberg (Oder) lock stairs
North chamber of the lower lock

North chamber of the lower lock

location
Lock stairs Fürstenberg (Oder) (Brandenburg)
Fürstenberg (Oder) lock stairs
Coordinates 52 ° 8 '36 "  N , 14 ° 38' 14"  E Coordinates: 52 ° 8 '36 "  N , 14 ° 38' 14"  E
Place: Eisenhüttenstadt
Waters: Spree-Oder-Wasserstraße
Data
Start of operation: 1891
Shutdown: October 1937
lock
Type: Inland lock
Usable length: 55.00 m each
Usable width: each 9.60 m / gate width 8.60 m
Average
height of fall : 		Max. 4.40 m each
Upper gate: Folding gates
Lower gate: Stem gates
Others

f1

The former lock staircase Fürstenberg (Oder) formed the easternmost canal step in the Reichswasserstraße Spree-Oder-Wasserstraße from 1889 to the end of the 1920s. The remains of the locks and the descent canal are now in the urban area of Eisenhüttenstadt in the German state of Brandenburg . Fürstenberg (Oder) is now a district of Eisenhüttenstadt. It was founded in the 13th century on the west bank of the Oder and was an independent small town in Niederlausitz until 1961 .

history

Friedrich Wilhelm Canal near Brieskow-Finkenheerd

The Friedrich Wilhelm Canal , previously the Müllroser Canal, was the first artificial waterway to connect the Spree with the Oder . The canal, completed in 1668, ran from Neuhaus an der Spree to Brieskow an der Oder. It was about 17 miles long. For 200 years this waterway was the most important inland waterway connection between Hamburg , Berlin and Wroclaw .

The reduction in freight costs associated with canal shipping had positive economic effects on the cities mentioned. From the 1860s onwards, the canal increasingly reached its capacity limit, so in 1886 it was decided to build the Oder-Spree canal . Part of the Friedrich Wilhelm Canal, about 11.3 kilometers from the former Buschschleuse, 2.5 kilometers northeast of Neuhaus, as far as Schlaubehammer merged with the Oder-Spree Canal. The section from the Wergensee to the Oder-Spree Canal, known as the Neuhauser Feeding Canal, has served to feed the apex of the canal since 1892.

Fürstenberg / Oder lock staircase

In 1889, a three-step lock staircase with upper, middle and lower locks was built south of the town of Fürstenberg (Oder) to connect the new canal to the Oder . On a canal stretch of around three kilometers, they overcame the mean drop of 14 meters to the Oder. The three locks were each 55.00 meters long and 9.60 meters wide. The gate width of the miter gates was 8.50 meters. Each of the locks had a maximum usable drop height of about 4.40 meters, always depending on the water level in the underwater. The upper gates of the three locks were built as wooden folding gates , so-called tumble gates ; for the first time in all of Europe. The lower gates were designed as miter gates. All locks were built almost identically. A concrete layer 1.50 to 2.00 meters thick was poured between wooden sheet piling as a foundation. The clinker locks were then built. The jamb, the gate niches and the lock corners are made of solid granite blocks. The bollards as well as the pulleys for the rope pulling devices were made of cast iron. The chambers were emptied and filled by means of circulations in the heads using simple folding gates. The folding gates in the heads of the heads, the stem gates in the lower heads and the folding gates were moved by means of water pressure. Since there was often a shortage of water in the apex position due to the lack of natural inflows, pressure pipes forged from iron were laid from the upper lock to the middle and lower lock. By means of a complex system of air chambers , power collectors, adjusting devices, shut-off, and safety valves, vent valves, cylinders, and control chains, the lock gates and protecting could be moved by means of water pressure.

As shipping traffic developed positively on the waterway, a second lock chamber was built between 1903 and 1906 in addition to the already existing lock chambers. The double locks attracted even more vehicles due to the resulting short waiting times, including larger ships than the Finow size that was previously more common there . If a barge was positioned diagonally in the lock chamber, vehicles up to a maximum length of 58 meters were also locked. In order to enable larger barges such as Plauer Maß and Großplauermaß to reach the Oder and to minimize loss of time and water, the Reich Ministry of Transport decided in 1921 to completely redesign the transition from the canal down to the Oder and to build a new large lock system.

According to the kilometer division of the Märkische Wasserstraßen (quotation, original spelling ), the Fürstenberger Upper Lock was at kilometer 125.84, ( 52 ° 8 ′ 35.6 "  N , 14 ° 38 ′ 14.3"  E ) the Fürstenberger Middle Lock at kilometer 127 , 03 ( 52 ° 7 '58.7 "  N , 14 ° 38' 12.6"  O ) and the Fürstenbergerstraße Lower lock at kilometer 128.23. ( 52 ° 7 ′ 40.2 ″  N , 14 ° 39 ′ 6 ″  E ) As a result, the height difference down to the Oder of up to a maximum of 14.00 meters was overcome on a canal stretch of only 2.39 kilometers. At each lock a homestead was built for the lock keeper with a house, stable and dam log shed, as well as a locker's shack for the personnel required to operate the locks. About 220 meters southeast of the lower lock, an iron bridge was built for the Lower Silesian-Märkische Bahn between Frankfurt and Guben. After about three kilometers the canal flows into the Oder.

Height of fall of the Fürstenberg lock staircase (long-term average) and their distances from one another
4.16 m
1.19 km
4.16 m
1.20 km
3.80 m
Upper lock / km 125.84 Middle lock / km 127.03 Lower lock / km 128.23
  • Fürstenberg (Oder) lock stairs

  • Cast iron lock sign on the head of the lower lock

  • Nordkammer lower lock, concrete wall above the jamb and old foundation for cable system

  • former upper water middle lock

Water supply for the apex posture

Each lock process creates water losses in the apex of the Oder-Spree Canal between the Kersdorf and Fürstenberg (Oder) locks , as this section of the canal lacks natural inflows. In order to compensate for these water losses, the Neuhaus pumping station was built in the Neuhauser feed channel as early as 1892 . By means of the pumping station, water is pumped from the Wergensee into the top of the Oder-Spree Canal via the canal . In 1916/17, the Fürstenberg pumping station was added to the lower outer harbor at the Fürstenberg lower lock . This pumping station pumped water from the Oder into the section between the upper lock and the middle lock of the canal. With the completion of the twin shaft lock in 1929, a new feed channel was built from the pumping station at the lower lock to the upper outer port of the twin shaft lock.

Twin shaft lock

The foundation stone for the replacement of the now desolate lock staircase, a twin shaft lock, was laid on August 1, 1925.

literature

  • Hans-Joachim Uhlemann: Berlin and the Märkische waterways . transpress Verlag Berlin 1987. ISBN 3-344-00115-9
  • Writings of the Association for European Inland Shipping and Waterways eV various years. Western European shipping and port calendar Binnenschifffahrts-Verlag GmbH Duisburg-Ruhrort. OCLC 48960431
  • Toeche-Mittler, Konrad: The Friedrich-Wilhelms-Kanal and the Berlin-Hamburg river shipping. Publisher: Duncker & Humblot, ISBN 3-428-17718-5
  • Möller, F., u. Sievers: The expansion of the final stretch of the Oder-Spree Canal near Fürstenberg ad Oder. Die Bautechnik 1931, p. 651.
  • Mohr: The Oder – Spree Canal and its buildings . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 40 (1890), Col. 369–392, 431–468, Plate 57–65. Digitized in the holdings of the Central and State Library Berlin .
  • Engelhard and Zimmermann: The construction of second locks at Wernsdorf and Kersdorf (Spree-Oder waterway) . In: Zeitschrift für Bauwesen , Volume 59 (1909), Col. 497-524, Plates 64-68. Digitized in the holdings of the Central and State Library Berlin .
  • Ostmann: The expansion of the Oder-Spree Canal. In: Die Bautechnik , 5th year, issue 43 (September 30, 1927) and issue 45 (October 14, 1927), pp. 619–622 and 651–654.
  • Gordon Starcken: Boat trip over the mountain. About the history and development of the Oder-Spree Canal . Norderstedt 2016, ISBN 978-3-8334-9289-1 .

cards

  • Folke Stender: Editing of Sportschifffahrtskarten inland 1. Nautical publication Verlagsgesellschaft, ISBN 3-926376-10-4 .
  • W. Ciesla, H. Czesienski, W. Schlomm, K. Senzel, D. Weidner: Shipping maps of the inland waterways of the German Democratic Republic 1: 10,000. Volume 4. Editor: Waterways Authority of the GDR, Berlin 1988, OCLC 830889996 .

Web links

Commons : Schleusentreppe Fürstenberg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans-Joachim Uhlemann: Berlin and the Märkische Wasserstraßen . P. 81
  2. ↑ Gordon Starcken: boat trip on the mountain. About the history and development of the Oder-Spree Canal . P. 133
  3. ↑ Law on the division and designation of the Märkische Wasserstraßen, Potsdam 1901
  4. ↑ Hans-Joachim Uhlemann: Berlin and the Märkische Wasserstraßen p. 80