Henzendorf

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Henzendorf
community Neuzelle
Coordinates: 52 ° 2 ′ 26 ″  N , 14 ° 31 ′ 1 ″  E
Height : 89 m
Residents : 149  (2010)
Incorporation : December 31, 2001
Postal code : 15898
Area code : 033656
Henzendorf (Brandenburg)
Henzendorf

Location of Henzendorf in Brandenburg

Henzendorf ( Hendrichojce in Lower Sorbian ) is a district of Neuzelle in Brandenburg . The residential area Heidehof belongs to the district . The Platzdorf is located on the west bank of the Henzendorfer See . Nearby are Groß Muckrow in the northwest and Bahro in the east. The L43 runs north of the village , further east than the L431, which connects Friedland (Niederlausitz) with Neuzelle. South of the village is the Reicherskreuzer Heide , part of the " Reicherskreuzer Heide and Schwansee nature reserve " in the Schlaubetal Nature Park and the Henzendorf Boulder Park .

Henzendorf church tower
church

Name interpretation

In 1254 the place was first mentioned as Heinzendorf . In a document dated November 30, 1370 the place name Heintzendorff is mentioned, in 1416 the spelling Henczindorff is found , before Henzendorf finally becomes naturalized in the 16th century . The name is of German origin as a derivation of the shortened personal name Heinrich to Heinze or Henze .

history

Before 1945

Probably already in the Bronze Age people settled around the Henzendorfer See. Prehistoric fragments were found near a pond called Scheddelskeute (still Tscheddelsken in 1758 ), which means something like 'parcel on an earlier settlement'. The term is derived from the Lower Sorbian sedlišća . Urn finds on the way from Henzendorf to Reicherskreuz also prove this. Numerous field names also refer to the Sorbian settlement, e.g. B. Grobbelke , Glinke , Glomschk , Lauschk and more.

The field stone buildings are typical of the place, as in Reichersdorf. Due to the debris of the Ice Age, the area is littered with boulders that were used as cheap building material. Probably before 1317 the Neuzelle monastery acquired the village. When the pastor's position in Göhlen was occupied in 1362 , Henzendorf belonged to the parish . In 1547 the monastery acquired Vogt Georg von Burk the village mortgage as with the associated wüesten Gorky's vnd Wirthnoischen fields (1572), parcels that formerly belonged to Korkowitz and Wirchenow, but now deserted villages were. However, he did not receive the Henzendorfer See and the mill. Only the field name Windmühlenstücke (1835) reminds of the mill , the area is located on an old road to Treppeln and Kieselwitz , the Grobbelke , derived from the Lower Sorbian word grobelka = small ditch . Since the farmers were obliged to have their grain ground in the Schlaubemühle as early as the 16th century, it no longer existed at that time.

In the following years, von Burk bought seven farmer's hooves and built a farm and a sheep farm . In 1578 Albrecht Kindler von Zackenstein “the elder” acquired the villages of Henzendorf and Treppeln. His son Paul , who later became the monastery bailiff of Neuzelle, had a new Protestant church built on a hill on the village square in the Catholic territory in 1597 . The approval for this building testifies to the enormous influence of the family at that time. A storm caused the church tower to overturn in 1650, only the bells remained undamaged and were placed on scaffolding until 1657 to enable the bell to ring. Henzendorf remained in family ownership until 1657, only the outworks of the place were subordinate to the tax collector and secretary of the monastery, August Hildebrandt, from 1628 to 1636 . The subsoil of the hill was apparently unsuitable for the construction, because in 1681 the church had sunk so unilaterally that the residents had to raise it to prevent it from collapsing. Presumably it also got a new tower, since it was rebuilt in 1718. Around 1760 there was the Vorwerk with a sheep farm, twelve farmers, a linen weaver and three kossa farmers settled in the village .

In 1790 the children of the village had to share the teacher with six other villages in winter, but a new church was already planned. The plastered building , which was erected around 1805, closed off on three sides in the east and had a widened tower with a strongly retracted pointed helmet in the west, erected above the square floor plan . The altar from the 18th century contained three carved figures from a late Gothic shrine . The two altar candlesticks were unusually elaborately carved and painted angel figures , which enclose the candle holders. They find their equivalent in the design of the Neuzelle monastery furnishings. The Vorwerk was put out to tender for a nine-year lease in 1827, at that time 10 acres of 31 square rods belonged to gardens, 674 acres 171 acres of plowable arable land , 50 acres 145 acres of Oderwiesen, the keeping of the sheep farm with 400 sheep on the entire Feldmark Henzendorf and in the adjacent, important forests, some fisheries and various monetary and natural pre-stations (= taxes), namely 503 tension and 471 hand services .

Between 1860 and 1880, small mining companies emerged around the town that extracted lignite in underground and open-cast mining . The pits were given the names Carolinensruhe , announced in 1866 God with us and Consolidated Morgenröthe . Customers were goods from the area in order to obtain fuel for the distilleries . Carolinensruhe, for example, was owned by the teacher Herrman Carl Wilsch and the vicar Martin Wiodarsky from Kähmen (Kamień), Pauline Wische , Saikau, farmer Heinrich Genagel , Gorzyn, forester Gustav Hermann Schramm , Mühlenbeck. In 1874 a new village school was built, in the following year the village had 221 inhabitants, but after that the numbers fell steadily. At the beginning of the First World War in 1914, the Vorwerk became the Stiftsforstamt with around 160 hectares of land. When the church was consecrated on December 11, 1932 after extensive exterior and interior reconstruction, there were only 183 inhabitants. During the Second World War , the construction of the Kurmark SS military training area began , for this purpose the Henzendorfer forced relocations were to accept from autumn 1943. An area of ​​a total of 24,000 hectares in the area of ​​the surrounding villages, including a large part of the sander area south of the village, which is partly covered with pine trees , was closed and remained so even after the SS troops left in mid-April 1945 the entry of the Red Army to the firing range of the GSSD troops .

After 1945

With the end of the war, numerous refugees came to the village, in 1945 288 people lived here, almost twice as many as in the following years. The land reform gave 27 landless or poor farmers and resettlers 216 hectares of land, mostly from the property of the Stiftsforstamt. To the northwest of the village, Neubauer founded a settlement consisting of five farms. As elsewhere, an LPG was founded. Despite the name LPG Neues Leben , animal production was soon discontinued, and plant production joined the LPG in Möbiskruge . The village school was used in the GDR as the seat of the council of the community and was at times also a sales point for consumer goods . The children now went to school in Steinsdorf . In 1978 the now dilapidated church collapsed and in the early 1980s it was torn down down to the tower. The new building in the form of a Finnhütte took place in 1985, the original altar found its place there again. With the turnaround and the withdrawal of the army, the renaturation of the areas began. Large areas are still contaminated with ammunition and are not allowed to be entered. The burned-down areas remained treeless and gorse and heather settled . Around 500 Heidschnucken of the Heidehof sheep farm graze on the heather today in order to preserve the landscape. In 1997 a six meter high wooden observation tower was built to give visitors to the Heath Festival a wide view. A nature trail provides information about around 120 species of birds and 400 different fern and flowering plants that live in the Reicherskreuzer Heide . There you will also find the Henzendorf Boulder Park , which was created in 1997 south of the village. Another nature reserve has been part of Henzendorf since 2002, the Trautzke Seen und Moore nature reserve .

On December 31, 2001, Henzendorf was merged with ten other places to form the new community of Neuzelle.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Entry "Hendrichojce" in the Lower Sorbian place name database on dolnoserbski.de
  2. ^ Emil Theuner: Document book of the Neuzelle monastery and its possessions (= document book for the history of the Margraviate of Nieder-Lausitz, Volume 1). Lübben 1897, p. 120
  3. ↑ Ernst Eichler : The place names of Niederlausitz. VEB Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1975, p. 57
  4. ^ Institute for Sorbian Folk Research in Bautzen: Lětopis Instituta za serbski ludospyt: rěč a literatura. Volume 20-21, VEB Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1973, p. 187
  5. ^ Institute for Sorbian Folk Research in Bautzen: Lětopis Instituta za serbski ludospyt: rěč a literatura. Volume 20-21, VEB Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1973, p. 166
  6. ^ Institute for Sorbian Folk Research in Bautzen: Lětopis Instituta za serbski ludospyt: rěč a literatura. Volume 20-21, VEB Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1973, p. 165
  7. ^ Institute for Sorbian Folk Research in Bautzen: Lětopis Instituta za serbski ludospyt: rěč a literatura. Volume 20-21, VEB Domowina-Verlag, Bautzen 1973, p. 175
  8. ↑ Rudolf Lehmann : Studies on the history of church organization and administration in Lusatia in the Middle Ages (= studies on the history of the Catholic diocese and monasteries, volume 28; individual publications by the Berlin Historical Commission at the Friedrich Meinecke Institute of the Free University of Berlin, volume 13). St. Benno-Verlag 1986, ISBN 3-7462-0127-6 , p. 53
  9. ^ Johann Wilhelm Neumann : Attempt a history of the Niederlausitzische Land-Vögte. First part with several certificates. Lübben 1832, p. 321ff.
  10. ↑ Winfried Töpler : The Neuzelle Monastery and its relationship to the secular and spiritual powers (1268-1817) (= studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians, Volume 14). Lukas Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-931836-53-3 , p. 112
  11. ↑ Winfried Töpler: The Neuzelle Monastery and its relationship to the secular and spiritual powers (1268-1817) (= studies on the history, art and culture of the Cistercians, Volume 14). Lukas Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-931836-53-3 , p. 226
  12. ^ Official Journal of the Royal Prussian Government at Frankfurth an der Oder 1827. P. 91
  13. ^ Dieter Sperling: Niederlausitz lignite mining in the 19th century. Finding aid in Niederlausitz lignite mines and awards under mining law (= contributions to the history of mining in Niederlausitz, Volume 5). Verlag Förderverein Kulturlandschaft Niederlausitz 2005, p. 124
  14. ^ Dieter Sperling: Niederlausitz lignite mining in the 19th century. Finding aid in Niederlausitz lignite mines and awards under mining law (= contributions to the history of mining in Niederlausitz, Volume 5). Verlag Förderverein Kulturlandschaft Niederlausitz 2005, p. 166
  15. ↑ Brandenburg regulation system (BRAVORS) Ordinance on the nature reserve "Trautzke Seen und Moore" of March 5, 2002, (GVBl.II / 02, [No. 12], p. 242)
  16. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001