Berlin Tiergarten
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Tiergarten district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 31 ′ 0 ″ N , 13 ° 22 ′ 0 ″ E |
| surface | 5.17 km² |
| Residents | 14,881 (Dec. 31, 2019) |
| Population density | 2878 inhabitants / km² |
| Start-up | Jan. 1, 2001 |
| Postcodes | 10557, 10785, 10787 |
| District number | 0104 |
| Administrative district | center |
Tiergarten is a district in the Mitte district of Berlin . It was created during the administrative reform in 2001 by dividing the former Tiergarten district , which also included the Hansaviertel and Moabit . In today's parlance, Tiergarten often stands for both the Tiergarten district, the former Tiergarten district or the Großer Tiergarten city park . The sub-area of today's district, which is located south of the Großer Tiergarten, is also called the Tiergarten Süd , in contrast to the former Tiergarten district .
Location and inhabitants
The Tiergarten district is bounded in the north by the Spree . In the northwest, north and northeast it borders on the districts of Hansaviertel, Moabit and Mitte , all of which - like Tiergarten - belong to the Mitte district. In the west it borders on the district of Charlottenburg in the district of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf , to the south the district of Schöneberg in the district of Tempelhof-Schöneberg, and to the south-east of the district of Kreuzberg in the district of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg .
The Große Tiergarten , Berlin's second largest park after the Tempelhofer Park , takes up a considerable part of the Tiergarten district ; the Kleine Tiergarten, on the other hand, is located in the Moabit district. Tiergarten has 14,881 inhabitants (as of December 30, 2019).
history
The Tiergarten district (before 1920)
The areas outside the Berlin customs wall between the Great Tiergarten and the Spree were incorporated into Berlin in 1861. Since 1884 this area has been officially designated as the new Tiergarten district . The western part originally consisted of the "Schöneberger Wiesen", on which the Hansaviertel has been built since 1877 . On the Spreebogen further east there was originally a large parade ground. There the representative Königsplatz (today's Platz der Republik ) was built with the Victory Column , the Reichstag building and the Kroll Opera House . The noble Alsenviertel with the Swiss Embassy was built on the northern edge of the Spreebogen . In 1910 the Tiergarten district had 24,717 inhabitants.
The Tiergarten district (1920–2000)
In 1920 the new district of Tiergarten was formed from the Berlin districts of Tiergarten, Moabit, Untere Friedrichsvorstadt and Schöneberger Vorstadt . In 1938 the area south of Kurfürstenstraße was assigned to the Schöneberg district ; at the same time the Martinikenfelde , which had previously belonged to Charlottenburg, came to Tiergarten.
The buildings south of the Spree and north of the Landwehr Canal were almost completely destroyed in the Second World War . In the Alsenviertel, north of the Reichstag building, numerous buildings had already been demolished in the course of Hitler's "Germania" plans and many embassies had been relocated to the southern Tiergarten . Originally the Great Hall was to be built here . World War II put an end to these plans. During the division of Berlin , the site lay fallow . After the political change and the move of the federal government to Berlin, the former Alsenviertel became part of the new government district and several large-scale new buildings were built for the institutions of the federal government. The only remaining building from the time before the First World War is the Swiss Embassy , which today stands like a memorial in an open area on the edge of the Spreebogenpark , which was created in 2005 .
Serious destruction also occurred in the Tiergartenviertel , a villa colony from the first half of the 19th century, west of Potsdamer Platz . As in the Alsenviertel, several villas had already been demolished before the war to make room for Hitler's new building plans. Numerous Jewish owners had previously been expropriated and driven from their homes. A few buildings in the district survived the Second World War, such as St. Matthew's Church , some historic embassy buildings and the Bendlerblock , today's Federal Ministry of Defense . Due to the division of Berlin, many of the historic cultural cities were separated from West Berlin in the political east of the city . As a result, the Kulturforum was built on the area of the former Tiergartenviertel from 1958 as the new cultural center of the western part of Berlin.
Potsdamer Platz, one of the liveliest squares in Europe with numerous restaurants, hotels and variety theaters in the Roaring Twenties , was also in ruins after the Second World War and then became a border area in the divided city due to its close proximity to the Berlin Wall . It was only after the fall of the Berlin Wall in the 1990s that new buildings were planned according to plan, in line with the old tradition.
The Hansaviertel on the northern edge of the Tiergarten was also badly affected by the Allied bombardment and was rebuilt by the most renowned architects as part of the Interbau International Building Exhibition in 1957.
In Moabit and south of the Landwehr Canal, on the other hand, large parts of the old buildings were preserved despite severe war damage.
The population of the Tiergarten district was 283,581 in 1925, 110,620 in 1946 and 86,380 in 1987.
The Tiergarten district (since 2001)
The Tiergarten district was merged in 2001 with the neighboring districts of Wedding and Mitte to form what is now the new Mitte district . This new district was subdivided into the districts of Mitte, Wedding, Gesundbrunnen , Moabit, Hansaviertel and Tiergarten by resolution of the district assembly .
Tourist contact points
government District
In the Spreebogen south of the Spreebogenpark there are important parliament and government buildings of the Federal Republic of Germany .
The German Bundestag meets in the Reichstag building on Platz der Republik and the neighboring Paul-Löbe-Haus and Marie-Elisabeth-Lüders-Haus also serve as parliament buildings.
The Chancellor is working with his staff in 2001 completed Federal Chancellery . From here, accessible via a bridge lies beyond the Spree the Registrar garden with the adjacent Federal Department of the Interior .
The free-standing embassy of Switzerland and the German Parliamentary Society (DPG) are located in the vicinity of the Federal Chancellery in the historic Reichstag Presidential Palace .
Cultural forum
The Tiergarten district, near Potsdamer Platz, is home to the Kulturforum Berlin with the Gemäldegalerie , the Kupferstichkabinett , the Museum of Musical Instruments , the New National Gallery , the Philharmonic , the Chamber Music Hall (also known as the "Small Philharmonic") and the St. Matthew Church as well as the State Library .
Potsdamer Platz
The Sony Center , the Bahn Tower and the Kollhoff Tower are located on Potsdamer Platz , which was rebuilt after German reunification . There are also the Theater am Potsdamer Platz , the Spielbank Berlin , the Park Kolonnaden and the Potsdamer Platz Arkaden .
Zoological Garden
South of the Großer Tiergarten, on the southern edge of the district, there is Kurfürstenstrasse , which, together with the Bahnhof Zoo (which is in the Charlottenburg district), became known as the setting for the filmed story about the heroin scene , Christiane F. - We children from Bahnhof Zoo . The scene stayed in front of the Zoo station during the day and moved to Kurfürstenstrasse in the evening, where not only prostitution took place at the underground station of the same name , but also intensive heroin trafficking on the street and in nearby apartments, even decades after this film. The zoological garden adjacent to the train station and the aquarium are also located in the Tiergarten district.
More Attractions
The congress hall , which houses the House of World Cultures , was a gift from the USA to West Berliners in 1957 . After part of the overhanging prestressed concrete roof structure fell down in 1980 and killed a journalist, it was rebuilt with improved statics .
The Tempodrom next to the congress hall - a circus tent in which rock concerts were held - was originally located on Potsdamer Platz right next to the Berlin Wall and was an institution in Berlin's cultural landscape for decades. It had to give way to the security needs of the Federal Chancellery and was erected in a solid form on the site of the former Anhalter Bahnhof in the Kreuzberg district . The area on which the Tempodrom stood is now the tipi - the tent at the Chancellery.
In addition, the following sights are located in Tiergarten: the Bauhaus Archive , the Bendler Block as the official seat of the Federal Ministry of Defense , the German Resistance Memorial , Bellevue Palace with the Office of the Federal President , the Konrad-Adenauer-Haus (federal headquarters of the CDU ), the Victory Column on the Großer Stern as well as the zoo tunnel .
The following places in the district are worth highlighting: Lützowplatz , Magdeburger Platz , Potsdamer Platz , Olof-Palme-Platz , Marlene-Dietrich-Platz, Platz der Republik and Tilla-Durieux-Park .
Events
The Berlin Marathon has started in the Großer Tiergarten since 1987 , and part of the route of the Love Parade also ran through the Großer Tiergarten from 1996 to 2003. A particular attraction was the fan mile on Straße des 17. Juni during the 2006 World Cup and the 2008 European Football Championship .
→ See also: List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Tiergarten
Facilities
The embassy district is located in the western part of the Tiergartenviertel between the Great Tiergarten in the north, the zoological garden in the west and the Landwehr Canal in the south . Some states already had their diplomatic representation there during the time of the German Reich, and further new buildings were planned. Due to the destruction during the Second World War and the subsequent division of Germany , this West Berlin district lost its importance and was to be redesigned through residential developments and an expansion of the zoo. After German reunification and the “ capital city resolution ”, the quarter once again found importance as an embassy quarter.
For the five Nordic countries Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and Finland, the opportunity arose for the first time to implement the idea of a common embassy system, which has already been considered more often. The Nordic embassies are five national embassy offices with a common public building.
Embassies
- Egypt
- Bahrain
- Bolivia
- Denmark
- El Salvador
- Estonia
- Finland
- Guatemala
- India
- Iceland
- Italy
- Japan
- Colombia
- Luxembourg
- Malaysia
- Malta
- Mauritius
- Mexico
- Monaco
- Namibia
- Nicaragua
- Norway
- Austria
- Saudi Arabia
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Slovakia
- Spain
- South Africa
- South Korea
- Syria
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Embassy building in Tiergarten
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Consulates
- Barbados
State representations
schools
- 44. School - State- sponsored primary school
- Lomossonow Elementary School - privately owned elementary school
- pme Familienservice Schule Berlin - privately owned primary school
- Canisius College - Catholic high school
- French grammar school - French-speaking grammar school
- BBA - Academy for Real Estate Management - private vocational school
- Tiergarten Gymnasium - state-sponsored gymnasium
Denominational institutions
- Evangelical Elisabeth Hospital
- Catholic Francis Hospital
- Evangelical St. Matthew Church
- Syrian Orthodox St. Jakob Church (formerly Roman Catholic St. Ludgerus Church)
Others
- Head office of Café Einstein in the Villa Roßmann
- German institute for standardization
- Friedrich Ebert Foundation , Berlin branch
- Heimatverein and history workshop Tiergarten e. V.
- Hotel InterContinental Berlin
- Konrad-Adenauer-Haus - Federal Office of the CDU
- Academy of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation
- Gay museum
- Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation in the von der Heydt villa
- Stiftung Warentest - consumer protection organization
- Winter garden , a variety theater
Personalities
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- Marlene Dietrich (1901–1992), German-American actress and chanson singer, lived as a child after her father's death in 1907, until her mother's remarriage, at 116 Potsdamer Strasse (memorial plaque next to the house entrance).
- William Edward Dodd (1869–1940), American diplomat and historian, lived as the American ambassador from 1933–1937 with his family on Bendler Strasse (since 1955: Stauffenbergstrasse). His daughter, the writer Martha Dodd , published her memories of the time in Berlin under the title Through Embassy Eyes as early as 1939 , when she precisely predicted the coming goals of the Nazi regime , such as the war of annihilation in the East and the genocide of European Jews .
- Theodor Fontane (1819–1898), writer; lived from 1872 until his death in the Johanniter Haus at Potsdamer Straße 134c.
- Karl Giese (1898–1938) was Magnus Hirschfeld's long-term partner . In 1933, after the Nazis " seized power ", he fled to Czechoslovakia via detours , where he committed suicide after the German troops marched in in 1938. A stumbling block reminds of his fate at his last residential address in Berlin at 10 John-Foster-Dulles-Allee .
- Konrad Kellen (1913–2007), German-American political scientist.
- Katia Mann's grandparents , the editor-in-chief of the satirical newspaper Kladderadatsch - Ernst Dohm and his wife, the prominent women's rights activist Hedwig Dohm - lived in Potsdamer Straße 27a around 1870 (old census, today: No. 72) and ran a literature salon there.
- Rudolf Olden (1885–1940), journalist, biographer and lawyer, first managed to escape from the Nazis to London , from where he wanted to travel to Canada with his wife in 1940 , but the passenger steamer City of Benares in the Atlantic was taken over by a German Submarine sunk. The Olden couple and 246 other people were killed. A stumbling block in Genthiner Straße 8 reminds of his fate.
- Louis Fréderic Jacques Ravené (1823–1879), entrepreneur and patron of the arts, built a large villa in Werftstrasse. Back then it was still in the countryside, at the gates of the city, on the rural Moabiter Werder. As a very rich and well-respected steel wholesaler from the important Huguenot factory owner family Ravené, he established several charitable foundations in Berlin.
- Julie Wolfthorn (1864–1944), painter, draftsman and graphic artist and victim of the Holocaust ; lived at Kurfürstenstrasse 50
See also
- List of streets and squares in Berlin-Tiergarten
- List of cultural monuments in Berlin-Tiergarten
- List of cinemas in Berlin-Tiergarten
- List of stumbling blocks in Berlin-Tiergarten
- List of street fountains in Berlin's Mitte district : sorting of districts
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Overview of the new division of the city of Berlin into districts and districts. Grunert, Berlin 1884.
- ^ Friedrich Leyden: Greater Berlin. Geography of the cosmopolitan city. Hirt, Breslau 1933 (therein: Development of the population in the historic districts of Old Berlin. P. 206).
- ↑ Statistical yearbooks from Berlin 1925 to 1988
