Schöneberg district
  district 1920–2000 district of Berlin |
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| Coordinates | 52 ° 29 '13 " N , 13 ° 21' 24" E |
| surface | 12.29 km² |
| Residents | 148,195 (Dec. 31, 2000) |
| Population density | 12,058 inhabitants / km² |
| Serial number | 11 |
The Schöneberg district was an administrative district of Berlin from 1920 to 2000 . It included the current districts of Schöneberg and Friedenau . The area of the district is now part of Berlin's Tempelhof-Schöneberg district .
location
The Schöneberg district bordered the Tiergarten district in the north, the Kreuzberg and Tempelhof districts in the east, the Steglitz district in the south, the Wilmersdorf district in the west and the Charlottenburg district in the northwest . Today the area of the former district is in the northwest of the Tempelhof-Schöneberg district.
history
1920-1933
After the founding of the Empire in 1871, the village of Schöneberg had developed into a densely built-up city that was structurally closely integrated with Berlin. In 1899 the city left the Teltow district and became a district. The also densely built-up community of Friedenau had emerged southwest of Schöneberg in the 1860s. After the establishment of the Greater Berlin Association in 1912, the official names of the two communities were Berlin-Schöneberg and Berlin-Friedenau .
With the formation of Greater Berlin on October 1, 1920, the city of Schöneberg and the community of Friedenau became part of Berlin and formed the 11th Berlin administrative district of Schöneberg. At that time Schöneberg had about 175,000 and Friedenau about 44,000 inhabitants. The new district covered an area of 10.8 km². The administrative seat was the Schöneberg Town Hall , which had been built by the City of Schöneberg before the First World War .
In the 1920s, the Schöneberg town planning officer Martin Wagner pushed ahead with the construction of the Lindenhof cooperative settlement in the far south-east of the district. Between 1922 and 1926, another settlement was built, the Cecilien Gardens . Contrary to older plans, the southern part of Schöneberg remained largely undeveloped, so that a large allotment area could develop there. The Fernamt Berlin was completed on Winterfeldtstraße in 1929 and in 1930 the Stadtbad Schöneberg was built on Hauptstraße according to plans by Heinrich Lassen . During this time, the Kathreiner House on Potsdamer Strasse was also built in the form of a reinforced concrete skeleton .
1933-1945
When the district boundaries were changed in 1938, the entire area south of Kurfürstenstrasse came from the Tiergarten district to the Schöneberg district. At the same time, the area between Nollendorfplatz and Nürnberger Strasse , which had previously belonged to Charlottenburg, was incorporated into the district. Small corrections were made to the district border with Kreuzberg and Tempelhof. The population of the district increased by more than 57,000 due to the border changes and the area of the district grew by 126 hectares . On the western edge of the southern area, the settlement on Grazer Damm was built in the late 1930s in the style of National Socialist housing architecture .
The district's Jewish population has faced increasing persecution since 1933. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the area monument Places of Remembrance in the Bavarian Quarter has been commemorating the disenfranchisement, expulsion, deportation and murder of Berlin Jews between 1933 and 1945 . In 1943, Joseph Goebbels gave his infamous Sportpalast speech in the Sportpalast on Potsdamer Straße and some of the show trials of the People's Court took place in the building of the Kammergericht am Kleistpark .
In the last days of April 1945, the Schöneberg district was taken from the south by Soviet forces .
1945-2000
During the Second World War , the north and west of the district in particular were badly damaged. Around a third of the entire housing stock was lost. The rubble - a total of about six million cubic meters - was heaped up on the southern edge of the district to form a mountain of rubble , which was named Insulaner . From May 5 to July 28, 1945, Friedenau formed an independent Berlin district with Willy Pölchen ( KPD ) as the district mayor. After that, Friedenau again belonged to the Schöneberg district, which was still called Schöneberg-Friedenau until the end of 1945 .
The Schöneberg district had been part of the American Sector of Berlin since July 1945 . In the Schöneberg Town Hall during had division of Berlin , the Berlin House of Representatives and the Senate of West Berlin located. The Town Hall and the Rudolph Wilde Platz was the site of many rallies and the state visit of US President John F. Kennedy , who there on On June 26, 1963 he gave his speech with the famous quote " I am a Berliner ". In his honor, Rudolph-Wilde-Platz was renamed John-F.-Kennedy-Platz in the same year ; the city park was then given the name Rudolph-Wilde-Park . The Allied Control Council had its seat in the building of the Supreme Court. The "Allied Aviation Security Center" was later housed there. The RIAS radio programs have been broadcast from Schöneberg since 1946 .
In the post-war period , a large part of the facilities at the Tempelhof marshalling yard in the southeast of the district was shut down and gradually recaptured by nature. The nature park Südgelände is located on these areas today . More than 22,000 new apartments had been built by 1966. Since the 1970s, the district has been crossed by the Berlin city motorway , as well as by the U7 underground line, which was completed at that time . A significant change in the cityscape was the demolition of the Sports Palace in 1974 and the subsequent construction of the Pallasseum - popularly known as the “Social Palace ”. In 1975, the renovation of the old building area on both sides of Bülowstrasse began, with numerous residential buildings being demolished and replaced by new buildings.
At the beginning of the 1980s, the area in the north of the district around Winterfeldtplatz and Potsdamer Straße was one of the main scenes of the clashes between squatters and the Berlin police. During this time, the district developed alongside the neighboring district of Kreuzberg into a stronghold of the Alternative List , which was able to move into the Schöneberg district council assembly for the first time in 1979.
In Friedenau, on the night of April 5 to 6, 1986, a bomb attack was carried out on the La Belle discotheque , in which three people died.
On January 1, 2001, the Schöneberg district merged with the Tempelhof district to form the new Tempelhof-Schöneberg district.
Population development
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1925 | 231,664 |
| 1933 | 221.111 |
| 1939 | 277.948 |
| 1946 | 173.409 |
| 1950 | 189,260 |
| 1961 | 193,790 |
| 1970 | 169.834 |
| 1987 | 144.813 |
| 2000 | 148.195 |
Elections to the district assembly
Share of votes of the parties in percent:
| year | KPD | USPD | SPD | DDP ¹ | Zen | DVP | DNVP | NSDAP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 | 4.1 | 9.2 | 17.4 | 11.1 | 3.1 | 21.1 | 26.4 | |
| 1925 | 9.2 | 24.8 | 13.5 | 3.6 | 9.1 | 30.3 | ||
| 1929 | 12.1 | 22.9 | 9.2 | 4.2 | 9.7 | 26.8 | 8.6 | |
| 1933 | 10.1 | 19.3 | 3.9 | 5.1 | 1.0 | 17.4 | 42.6 |
¹ 1933 DStP
| year | SPD | CDU | FDP ¹ | Green ² |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1946 | 49.6 | 28.2 | 12.4 | |
| 1948 | 60.1 | 21.3 | 18.7 | |
| 1950 | 38.4 | 25.9 | 27.5 | |
| 1954 | 39.3 | 32.3 | 14.3 | |
| 1958 | 48.8 | 39.5 | 4.4 | |
| 1963 | 60.0 | 30.0 | 8.8 | |
| 1967 | 54.3 | 34.6 | 7.5 | |
| 1971 | 48.0 | 39.5 | 9.0 | |
| 1975 | 40.9 | 43.5 | 7.5 | |
| 1979 | 40.3 | 42.6 | 8.1 | 7.1 |
| 1981 | 35.1 | 44.1 | 5.1 | 14.3 |
| 1985 | 29.5 | 43.5 | 4.2 | 19.4 |
| 1989 | 34.0 | 31.6 | 3.2 | 23.0 |
| 1992 | 30.6 | 29.5 | 5.4 | 23.0 |
| 1995 | 27.2 | 34.8 | 2.3 | 28.2 |
| 1999 | 24.6 | 36.4 | 2.3 | 28.9 |
District Mayor (1921–2000)
| Period | Surname | Political party |
|---|---|---|
| 1921-1933 | Emil Berndt | DNVP |
| 1933-1937 | Oswald Schulz | NSDAP |
| 1938-1944 | Joachim Raatz | NSDAP |
| 1944-1945 | Kohne | NSDAP |
| 1945 | Ferdinand Grändorf | KPD |
| 1945-1950 | Erich Wendland | SPD |
| 1951-1955 | Ella Barowsky | FDP |
| 1955-1958 | Joachim Wolff | CDU |
| 1958-1961 | Konrad Dickhardt | SPD |
| 1961-1964 | Werner Chomse | SPD |
| 1964-1969 | Josef Grunner | SPD |
| 1969-1971 | Hans Kettner | SPD |
| 1971-1975 | Alfred Gleitze | SPD |
| 1975-1983 | Wilhelm Kabus | CDU |
| 1983-1989 | Rüdiger Jakesch | CDU |
| 1989-1992 | Michael Barthel | SPD |
| 1992-1995 | Uwe Saager | SPD |
| 1996-2000 | Elisabeth Ziemer | Green |
Partnerships of the Schöneberg district
International
Moscow ( Central Administrative District ), Russia
National
- Ahlen , North Rhine-Westphalia
- Penzberg , Bavaria
- Wuppertal , North Rhine-Westphalia
- Bad Kreuznach district , Rhineland-Palatinate
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Rolf Jehke: Territorial changes in Germany and German administered areas 1874-1945. 2004, accessed June 15, 2008 .
- ↑ April 1 (1912) in daily facts of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (at the DHM ).
- ↑ Marina Naujoks: The Lindenhof, a refuge. Schöneberg district newspaper, September 2005.
- ↑ Marina Naujoks: If it's not enough for the South Seas: The southern area. Schöneberg district newspaper, June 2006.
- ↑ Berlin in Numbers, 1949
- ↑ Chronology of the house-to-house fighting in Berlin
- ^ Statistical yearbooks of Berlin
Middle (1) | Tiergarten (2) | Wedding (3) | Prenzlauer Berg (4) | Friedrichshain (5) | Kreuzberg (6) | Charlottenburg (7) | Spandau (8) | Wilmersdorf (9) | Zehlendorf (10) | Schöneberg (11) | Steglitz (12) | Tempelhof (13) | Neukölln (14) | Treptow (15) | Köpenick (16) | Lichtenberg (17) | Weissensee (18) | Pankow (19) | Reinickendorf (20) | Marzahn (21) | Hohenschönhausen (22) | Hellersdorf (23)