International construction exhibition
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An international building exhibition ( IBA ) is an instrument used in urban planning and urban development in Germany to use new ideas and projects in the social, cultural and ecological area to provide impetus for an urban or landscape change that is considered necessary in the respective region.
The IBA Basel 2020 is the first international building exhibition that transfers the German format to other countries and takes place simultaneously in three countries (Germany, France, Switzerland).
The international competition in the projects is to be promoted through the participation of architects , city and landscape planners and companies across national borders . Local authorities or government agencies often offer substantial prizes.
Venues
- The first international building exhibition took place in Darmstadt in 1901. It was initiated by Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig . It is considered a milestone in German Art Nouveau.
- In Leipzig which took place in 1913, International building trade exhibition in today's old fairgrounds instead. Of the extensive exhibition buildings, only a hall built according to a design by Wilhelm Kreis , which is known today as the People's Palace , and the residential buildings erected as reference objects by nine architects in the neighboring garden suburb of Marienbrunn remain on the exhibition grounds .
- The Weissenhofsiedlung was built in Stuttgart in 1927 as a building exhibition for the German Werkbund . Under the artistic direction of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , 21 model houses were built as a living program for modern city dwellers. With the title “The Apartment” in 1927, the new forms of living demanded and promoted by the Deutscher Werkbund were exemplified for the first time nationally and internationally. 17 architects were involved in the exhibition, including Le Corbusier , Walter Gropius and Hans Scharoun .
- The International Building Exhibition Ruhr City , which began in 1956, was terminated prematurely in 1973.
- In 1957 Interbau took place in West Berlin with the focus on "Reconstruction of the Hansaviertel ".
- The International Building Exhibition 1984 was initiated by a resolution of the Berlin House of Representatives in 1978 , which later - due to its temporal extension - received the addition of 1987. From 1979 the resistance to the area renovation became more radical , so that two project groups were formed: A new IBA building and an old IBA building were to deal with the issues of “ critical reconstruction ” and “ careful urban renewal ” for urban renewal in Berlin . The event, which was gaining in explosiveness and scope, was renamed the International Building Exhibition 1984/87 .
- A globally outstanding example was the 1989 to 1999 as a program for the future of the country North Rhine-Westphalia -based International Building Exhibition Emscher Park . The entire heavy industry region between Duisburg and Dortmund , with many fallow land often contaminated with toxins , has been transformed into a modern living, cultural and leisure landscape with ecological standards.
- The international building exhibition Fürst-Pückler-Land (2000–2010) has the main theme "Landscape". In Lusatia , millions of cubic meters of earth are moved and new lakes are created as part of lignite extraction and landscape restoration. The largest landscaping construction site in Europe is now where the GDR's energy center was once located . Part of this change process are industrial buildings, mining equipment, factory settlements and large industrial areas for which new regulations have to be found.
- With the International Building Exhibition Urban Redevelopment Saxony-Anhalt 2010 (2003-2010), the state government of Saxony-Anhalt, in cooperation with the Bauhaus Dessau Foundation and the state development company SALEG, under the motto "New Perspectives for Cities in Transition", is trying to create an efficient and affordable infrastructure overall 19 cities in Saxony-Anhalt, whose problems are often high unemployment, emigration and suburbanization. The IBA Urban Redevelopment 2010 deals in particular with the phenomenon of shrinking cities .
- The IBA Hamburg (2006–2013) addressed the merging of the northern and southern parts of Hamburg with the " Leap across the Elbe " . The focus is therefore on the Elbe islands with the districts of Hamburg-Veddel and Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg as well as the Harburg inland port in Hamburg-Harburg . The IBA projects were carried out under the three main themes of metro zones, cities in climate change and cosmopolitanism. The floating IBA DOCK , built by Hans Slawik, has been the seat of the IBA office since 2010 . The IBA Hamburg company has continued to operate as an urban development company since 2014. a. also active on the Hamburg Elbe Islands.
- With the IBA Basel 2020 (2010-2020), the trinational urban region of Basel on the Swiss side of the border triangle Germany-France-Switzerland has set itself the task of actively shaping the joint development of the region through cross-border projects.
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IBA Berlin 2020 ,a third IBA was planned in Berlin, particularly with a view to open spaces and fallow land such as the former Tempelhof Airport and Tegel Airport, which is expected to close in 2013.
At the end of May 2011, thepre -IBA concept , which had been discussed and worked out in depth, was available as the basis for the political decision of the Senate, newly elected in autumn 2011, on whether Berlin actually wants to hold an IBA Berlin 2020.
After discussions, including about other locations than originally planned (resistance to Tempelhof buildings), the Senate canceledthe IBA Berlin 2020 in June 2013for cost reasons.
- The IBA Heidelberg will take place from 2012 to 2022 under the motto Knowledge creates the city .
- In 2011 the state government of Thuringia decided to also hold an international building exhibition: The IBA Thuringia is to develop innovative answers to central questions of the future in the German state in ten years . The main themes of the IBA Thuringia are the major challenges of the energy transition and the demographic changes and socio-cultural and economic processes of change in their planning and landscape impact. In this context, the IBA Thuringia wants to develop model solutions and implement projects that set standards for sustainable action. The presentation years 2019 and 2023 should be the milestones of the IBA Thuringia. On May 6, 2014 the IBA Thuringia started with its first project call 'Zukunft StadtLand!' into project work.
- The Dutch urban region Parkstad Limburg founded an IBA Parkstad in 2012 under the motto IBA Open . By 2020 it should be the first IBA to take place in the Netherlands.
- The IBA_Wien 2022 was announced by the City of Vienna in 2016 . With the focus on “new social living”, new models and approaches are being tested in selected areas of urban expansion and the existing city. Sustainable district development, affordability and new forms of living are the topics that are being discussed and tested in connection with the social housing of the future. In autumn 2020 the exhibition on the intermediate status of the IBA Vienna will take place.
Filmography
- From Mars to the Lakeland , IBA Fürst-Pückler-Land, documentation, production: Wolfgang Albus i. A. des RBB , first broadcast: August 25, 2010, 45 min.
- IBA Hamburg project film 2013 , IBA Hamburg, documentation, production: Kooperative Berlin i. A. der IBA Hamburg, online since: March 25, 2014, 10:22 min.
Literature (selection)
- Bärbel Rechenbach: From miner to seaman - Lusatia is changing from open-cast mining to a cultural landscape. Tiefbau 5/2007, pp. 276–284.
- IBA Hamburg - drafts for the future of the metropolis
- Volume 1: Metropolis: Reflexion , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-939633-90-7 .
- Volume 2: Metropolis: Resources , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-939633-91-4 .
- Volume 3: Metropole: Bilden , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86859-070-8 .
- Volume 4: Metropolis: Metro Zonen , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86859-071-5 .
- Volume 5: Metropole: Kosmopolis , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86859-075-3 .
- Volume 6: Metropolis: Civil Society , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-86859-220-7 .
- Volume 7: Metropolis: Rebuilding the City , Jovis Verlag, Berlin 2013, ISBN 978-3-86859-221-4 .
- Sally Below, Moritz Henning, Heike Oevermann: The Berlin Building Exhibitions - Guide to the Future? Regioverlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-929273-72-4 .
- On the future of international building exhibitions , IBA meets IBA network , IBA Hamburg (Ed.) Jovis Verlag, 2010, ISBN 978-3-86859-073-9 .
- IBA Berlin 2020 - Documentation of the preliminary work , Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment (stadtentwicklung.berlin.de)
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- Symposia:
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- Workshop talks:
- IBA workshop discussion May 15, 2013: More city in the city - can urbanity be planned? ( online [PDF]).
- IBA workshop discussion March 5, 2013: Initiative instead of looking for an apartment - community models in housing construction . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA workshop talk January 22, 2013: Courage to mass - serial housing as a concept of the future? ( online [PDF]).
- IBA workshop discussion November 6, 2012: Stadt.Quartier.Energie . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA workshop discussion September 11, 2012: Compaction ?! Dealing with urban space . ( online [PDF]).
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- Studies:
- IBA Study No. 1: Special Forms of Housing . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA study no. 2: Neighborhood-related energy concepts and balances . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA Study No. 3: Serial Housing Construction - Standardization of Diversity . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA Study No. 4: Urban Living Worlds. Strategies for developing large settlements . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA study no. 5: The model of the "urban mix" . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA study no. 6: Energy perspective of listed residential buildings . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA Study No. 7: Housing Construction and Public Aid . ( online [PDF]).
- IBA Study No. 8: Joint Organization and Financing Models in Housing . ( online [PDF]).
- New social living positions on IBA_Wien 2022 , Jovis Verlag, Vienna 2020, ISBN 978-3-86859-619-9
- ^ Website of the M: AI Museum für Architekturkunst NRW ( Memento from February 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Expert opinion on behalf of the Senate Department for Urban Development, 2010 (pdf). (Accessed September 8, 2019).
- ↑ a b iba-basel.net
- ^ Berlin is building into the future, Taz of January 17, 2010
- ↑ IBA Berlin 2020 / Senate Department for Urban Development Berlin ( Memento from September 13, 2012 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ IBA Berlin 2020 - From Idea to Concept , Web of the Senate Department for Urban Development Berlin ( stadtentwicklung.berlin.de )
- ↑ IBA Berlin 2020 on stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/staedtebau/baukultur/iba/
- ↑ ww1.heidelberg.de
- ↑ iba-thueringen.de
- ↑ iba-parkstad.nl
- ↑ IBA_Wien 2022
- ↑ Key Topics | IBA_Wien - New social living. Retrieved on July 9, 2020 (German).
- ^ BauNetz: Book tip: You, happy Austria - New social living. Positions on IBA_Wien 2022. May 6, 2020, accessed on July 9, 2020 .
Web links
Commons : IBA 2013 Hamburg - Collection of images, videos and audio files
- Open IBA website on the history and format of international building exhibitions
- International building exhibitions are changing the new federal states ( Memento from February 6, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) . Press and Information Office of the Federal Government.