Great Machnow
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Great Machnow
Community Rangsdorf
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| Height : | 38 m |
| Area : | 16.65 km² |
| Residents : | 1304 (December 31, 2017) |
| Population density : | 78 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | October 26, 2003 |
| Postal code : | 15834 |
| Area code : | 033708 |
 Location of Groß Machnow within the municipality of Rangsdorf
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 Groß Machnow manor house
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Groß Machnow , mostly written Großmachnow until 1995, is a district of the non-governmental municipality Rangsdorf in the Teltow-Fläming district ( Brandenburg ). Groß Machnow was the largest village in the Brandenburg region of Teltow in the Middle Ages and only lost its independence in 2003 when it was incorporated into Rangsdorf. The place had 1298 inhabitants at the end of 2010.
geography
Geographical location
Groß Machnow is about 16 kilometers south of the Berlin city limits on the federal highway 96 , which runs right through the town, and about five kilometers west of the city of Mittenwalde (Dahme-Spreewald district). At the northern entrance to the village, the K7236 (Mittenwalder Straße) branches off to Mittenwalde.
The district of Groß Machnow currently covers 1665 hectares. However, around 1900 the area was much larger with 2166 hectares. At that time it already included not only the original Feldmark, but also the Feldmark of the later Pramsdorf estate district , which was annexed in 1724 and a formerly independent village. In 1910, 214 hectares were given up to the then newly created estate district of Boddinsfelde ( district of Dahme-Spreewald ). Of the 2166 hectares in the district around 1900, 1,333 hectares belonged to the manor district and only 833 hectares to the rural community. The manor district and rural community were united by the law regulating various points of the municipal constitutional law of December 27, 1927. In 1939 the district of Groß Machnow lost another 286 hectares with the separation of the Großmachnow (also Neu-Machnow ) settlement and its affiliation to Rangsdorf.
Machnower See is located in the west of the district . The Zülowgraben flows from the north into the Machnower See and from there through the village into the Zülow Canal . In the south, the water of the Rangsdorf lake flows through the Zülow Canal to the Dahme . In the northeast in the area of the Fenne residential area , some smaller lakes have formed due to the mining of clay.
Nature and landscape protection areas
A large part of the Groß Machnow district (with the exception of the core town and the Theresenhof industrial area including the Südringcenter) is part of the Notte-Niederung landscape protection area . In the west, the Machnower See and its peripheral areas are particularly protected by the Machnower See nature reserve , as is the Machnower Weinberg ( nature reserve Groß Machnower Weinberg ) in the east . The Zülowgrabenniederung nature reserve just touches the boundary in the extreme northern corner (north of Klein Kienitzer-Straße). The Zülowgraben forms the border to the Dahlewitz district over a longer stretch .
history
The cultural history of the district goes back to the Bronze Age according to archaeological finds . The first documentary mention goes back to the land register of Emperor Charles IV from 1375. Due to the name and the geography of the settlement of the Teltow, the village is certainly older than its first documented mention and is likely to have originated around 1200. According to the village type, it is a wide street village with two cross streets. However, today's village has only existed for a little over 800 years.
The name of the village or current district Groß Machnow is of Slavic origin and is derived from Slav. Machnov = moss. The addition large to differentiate it from Kleinmachnow can already be found in the first documentary mention.
Prehistory and early history
The district of Groß Machnow was visited by Ice Age hunters shortly after the ice masses had retreated further north, as Stone Age camps and resting and work areas show. The first permanent settlements date from the Bronze Age (approx. 1000 to 800 BC). This is evidenced by ceramic shards that were found in the village in 2001 when the B 96 was being expanded. There was also an early Iron Age cemetery in the area.
Roman Imperial Era and Migration Period
Settlements found at the cemetery, Silberberg and Weinberg as well as the construction of a new pig fattening facility on Mittenwalder Strasse are dated to the Roman Empire. The graves of Silberberg are associated with the East Germanic Burgundians . A fibula from the migration period was found on the vineyard.
Slavic time
From the 7th century onwards, Slavic tribes immigrated to the country largely devoid of settlements after the Germanic tribes had withdrawn. During the construction of an industrial hall on the northeastern edge of Groß Machnow, the remains of a Slavic settlement from the 9th and 10th centuries were discovered. Another Slavic settlement was located around the site of today's cemetery.
Medieval story
Groß Machnow was first mentioned in the land register of Emperor Charles IV from 1375 as Magna Makeow . At that time it had 80 hooves , making it the largest village in the Teltow . The pastor had 4 parish hooves ( Wedemhof ) that were exempt from taxes for his maintenance . The lease fee for each hoof was 9 bushels of rye and 9 bushels of oats . An interest rate two had Schilling be paid; the charge was 5 shillings minus 1 pfennig, as well as 0.5 bushels of rye, 0.5 bushels of barley and 1 bushel of oats for crops. In Groß Machnow there were also 33 cottagers , each of whom had to give 1 shilling and 6 pfennigs to the full farmers . They also had to pay taxes for 1 smoked chicken and 5 eggs each . There were two windmills (on the Windmühlenberg north of the village), whose millers each had to pay 10 bushels of rye. The two pitchers paid £ 1 each , plus Bede; 5 shillings minus 1 pfennig, and 0.5 bushels of rye, 0.5 bushels of barley and 1 bushel of oats fruit bede.
The taxes of the residents of Groß Machnows (farmers and kossas) no longer went to the margrave as originally , but to various nobles and citizens from the surrounding area. Johannes von Cottbus collected rent, interest and dues from 7 Hufen; he also had the interest on the two jugs and the interest on five kossas. A Honow, a citizen of Berlin , was entitled to 17.5 counts at the Bede, as well as the delivery of hens and eggs for the entire village, with the exception of the smokers. This Honow also had the high court and lower court with the farmer's carriage services and the patronage over the church. Hans von der Wese had the lease and the interest rate of 12 hooves as jointure his wife, a born v. Liepe . Mr. Nicolausmachenow received rent and interest from 11 Hufen as well as 3 counts from the Bede. “Claus Bartolomeus and Bartolomeus von Middenwolde” had lease and interest of 6 hooves from the margrave. Rutger had two hooves by Heyne barefoot. Tylo Wardenberch had a fief of 4 counts from the margrave . Mr. Johannes Planow had 4 counts from Heyne Richenbach. The Ryken brothers (Reiche), citizens of Cölln , had 3 hooves from the margrave as a fief. A Ms. Pritzkow owned 2 hooves as personal belongings from the margrave as a fief. In addition, 5 counted items went to an altar in the church in Mittenwalde and the donations of 6 hooves to an altar in the St. Petrus Church in Cölln . Mr. Johannes Czyten had rent and interest of 2 Hufen from Ruloff v. Wilmersdorf, and finally Claus Wusterhuse had 3 hooves from the margrave.
In 1414, Friedrich I , first elector of Brandenburg (1415–1440) from the House of Hohenzollern sold the village of Groß Machnow for 200 shock to Bohemian groschen to Heintz Donner, citizen and secretary in Berlin. Since 1438 he also had the income of four frusta , which Tylo Wardenberch was previously entitled to. In addition, he acquired the income that Wilhelm and Cöpke v. Liepe was due. In 1443 Heinz Donner, electoral advisor, sold the village to the electoral kitchen master Ulrich Zeuschel with upper and lower court, street court and the services of the farmers as well as the patronage. Uplifts of 30 farms and cottages were added in 1450, but with the reservation of repurchase. After the death of Ulrich Zeuschel, this title came first to his son Ludwig Zeuschel; after his death in 1482 it fell back as a settled fiefdom to the elector Albrecht Achilles , who pledged it to Georg and Thomas Quast for 3,200 Rhenish guilders. In 1494, Elector Johann Cicero lent the village to Georg Flanß, governor of Zossen , for his loyal service. 1527–1529 "Henning and Hans Gebrüder die Flanßen " are named as patrons of the church in Groß Machnow. During this time, other citizens and nobles still had income in the village, i.e. H. Share in the taxes paid by the farmers and kossäts.
Already before 1375 the v. Liepe the lifts of 12 hooves, later (1473) over 23 hooves and five Kossatenhöfe. This share was divided in 1518. From 1518 to 1702 the v. Enderlein zu Miersdorf lifts ten hooves and two kossas. The share came to the v. Schlabrendorf, who at that time were the owners of the village. The second share remained in the possession of the vd Liepe family. He came to the then reign of Wusterhausen until 1730. Before 1441 the v. Close a small property in Groß Machnow, lifting three hooves. This part came in 1441 on the St. Sebastians and Erasmus altar of the church in Baruth. In 1700 it fell to the v. Schlabrendorf.
Early modern to modern times
In 1571 there were two residential courtyards of the von Flanß in Groß Machnow, one with four hooves and the other with eight hooves. There was a sheep farm, three windmills and a vineyard. In 1609 there is even talk of three residential courtyards.
In 1621 the von Burgsdorf family came into the possession of Groß Machnow. The daughter of v. Burgsdorf, married von Kahlenberg, a son-in-law of Hohenstein and Margaretha Catharina Freifrau von Brunboc de Larrey (also Laray, Larray and La Ray) (born von Burgsdorf; was first married to Ludwig von Canitz) and their son Friedrich Rudolph Ludwig von Canitz . In 1691 it came into the possession of Baron Otto von Schlabrendorf, initially on repurchase, from 1692 onwards it became hereditary. Finally, Groß Machnow was acquired by King Friedrich Wilhelm I in 1724 for 52,000 thalers from the widow of von Schlabrendorf and added to the rule of Wusterhausen. At the same time, the soldier king acquired the Pramsdorf Vorwerk for 8,500 thalers , which he struck at Groß Machnow. Groß Machnow became an office within the Wusterhausen rule.
In 1812, the army supplier Jean Simon Coste acquired the manor from Friedrich Wilhelm III. as repayment for 170,000 thalers of debts. In 1815 Coste rebuilt the manor house in Groß Machnow, supposedly based on the model of his wife's family castle, or even just converted it. It may be on the foundation walls of a previous building that was destroyed by fire in 1773. The existing purchase agreement does not indicate which buildings were already in place at the time or which were newly built in the following years.
In 1836 the manor estate of Groß Machnow came to Louis Bacher Berend, a councilor of commerce (140,000 thalers). He baptized the new Vorwerk in the name of his daughter in Theresenhof. In 1838 the Groß Machnow estate was given away to his son Hermann Ludwig Bacher. From 1853 to 1855 a Mr. Oven (particular / partner) is the owner and then his widow and a Freiherr von Erhardt. The church of Groß Machnow owes a bell to Erhardt. His eldest son was the corvette captain (in command since September 18, 1888) who at the time rescued the cruiser "Olga" in Samoa while two ships that had gone out to rescue went down. In 1876, Rittmeister Reinhold von Winterfeld-Felchow bought Groß Machnow with the Pramsdorf and Theresenhof works. Winterfeld died in 1883 and his daughter Alice, married to Hermann von Schierstädt, inherited the property. An avenue in the former "settlement Groß Machnow" (now district Rangsdorf) between Kienitzer Straße and Groß Machnower Straße is named Winterfeldallee after the Rittmeister. Hermann von Schierstädt was one of the richest landowners in what was then the Teltow district. In 1890 he had a brick factory set up on the site south of the Südringcenter, the "brick factory for the three arrows". The Schierstedt coat of arms contains three arrows. The Nymphensee, today in the district of Rangsdorf, is a relic of clay mining. Another economic mainstay was the distillery, which apparently made a good profit. After the death of their mother, the children of Hermann and Alice v. Schierstedt owned the property as a community of heirs until 1945.
After the Second World War, the estate was initially subordinated to the Soviet armed forces and supplies. The manor house and outbuildings were used to accommodate refugees, the park for growing vegetables and potatoes and keeping pigs and small livestock. In 1950 the estate was nationalized and the nationally owned estate was created . The manor house was used by the VEB for cultural and educational purposes. The canteen was built in the basement. In 1975 the manor house was taken over by the LPG . The canteen on the ground floor was now continued as a canteen for LPG employees. In the same year the building was renovated. In the late 1980s, a café and the registry office were established in the building. Guest rooms and a bridal suite were created in the attic. The café had to close at the end of the 1990s and the building has been empty since then. Since 2006, the property's buildings have been gradually renovated and the Rangsdorf primary school has been housed in them. In 2010 the renovation of the manor house began. It is planned to again accommodate a branch of the registry office Rangsdorf, the library Groß Machnow and other cultural institutions of the community.
politics
coat of arms
Description : In green with golden board a silver Trappe , about horizontally on the left side one with the tip of the right -pointing golden sword .
Partnerships
Groß Machnow has a partnership with the municipality of Fardella ( Prov. Potenza ) in Basilicata (Italy).
Sights and culture
Architectural monuments
With the medieval village church and the ensemble of the Groß Machnow manor, the place has two outstanding architectural monuments. The village church from the 13th century is a field stone building consisting of a transverse west tower, nave, retracted choir and a semicircular apse. The field stones of the nave, choir and apse as well as the substructure of the west tower are ashlar. In the higher part of the tower, on the other hand, the masonry is irregular with field stones, broken bricks and brick corners. On the south side of the choir a two-storey patronage box was added. The interior with the altarpiece and the pulpit as well as the patronage box is from the Baroque period . A large stone hanging epitaph for Otto von Schlabrendorf († 1721) is also noteworthy .
The ensemble of the manor complex with manor house and various farm buildings was built in a classicist style by Jean Simon Coste in 1815. The manor house is a single-storey plastered building on a high basement . After its renovation in the 2010s, it will be used by the community as a primary school, library, wedding room and meeting room for the local council. The farm buildings, including the clock tower that can be seen from afar, were renovated in 2007–2009.
Estate before the start of the renovation (2010)
War memorial for the fallen of the First World War ( 1914–1918) on the village meadow
Fire station and library
Natural monuments
In addition, the municipality owns some registered natural monuments.
- a group of pedunculate oaks at the northern exit of the village
- the Lindenallee on the B 96 south of the church
- an avenue south of the village
- a mulberry tree in the manor
- two oaks on the Zülow Canal
- a group of oaks and linden trees around the village square by the war memorial
- a row of oak trees along a path north-northwest of the village
- Großmachnower Weinberg nature reserve
Soil monuments
The soil monument list of the state of Brandenburg (Teltow-Fläming district) records over 30 soil monuments , which range from Stone Age settlements, Stone Age rest and work areas, Bronze Age settlements, Iron Age settlements, settlements of the Roman Empire, Slavic settlements to settlement remnants of the German Middle Ages.
Business
The Südring Center, a large shopping center, is located in the district of Groß Machnow. A number of other companies are located in the Theresenhof industrial park , which used to be a Vorwerk of Groß Machnow. On the northern outskirts of Groß Machnow a larger company in the solar industry has a branch, as well as a house and building technology company and an agricultural cooperative. In the town center there are some smaller, artisanal businesses, an inn and other smaller retail stores.
Today it is hardly known that around 1.5 million field cucumbers were harvested in the Groß Machnow district in 1863, making Groß Machnow one of the largest (field) cucumber producers in Germany alongside Lübbenau , Quedlinburg and Erfurt .
literature
- Johannes Schultze (Hrsg.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg of 1375 (= Brandenburg land books . Volume 2; publications of the historical commission for the province of Brandenburg and the imperial capital Berlin . Volume VIII, 2). Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940 ( digitized in Potsdam University Library ).
- Gerhard Schlimpert : Brandenburg name book, part 3, The place names of the Teltow . Hermann Böhlaus Nachf., Weimar 1972.
- Lieselott Enders (editing), Margot Beck (collaboration): Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg. Teltow. With an overview map in the appendix (= Friedrich Beck [Hrsg.]: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg . Part IV; Publications of the Potsdam State Archives . Volume 13). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976, DNB 770698638 (gives a reprint from 2011).
- Klaus Zernack : Großmachnow (Kr. Teltow / Zossen) . In: Gerd Heinrich (Ed.): Handbook of historical sites. Berlin and Brandenburg. With Neumark and Grenzmark Posen-West Prussia (= manual of historical sites . 10th volume). 3rd, revised and supplemented edition, Alfred Kröner Verlag, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-520-31103-8 , p. 264.
- Heidi Kansy: Groß Machnow - A contribution to local history. 64 p., Community of Groß Machnow, 2002.
- Heidi Kansy: Groß Machnow - A contribution to local history, part 2. 64 p., Community Groß Machnow, 2003.
- Heidi Kansy: Groß Machnow - A contribution to local history, part 3. 80 p., Community Groß Machnow, 2009 (Kansy3).
Web links
- Homepage of Groß Machnow
- Homepage of the community of Rangsdorf in its districts Groß Machnow and Klein Kienitz
- Nature reserves within the district of Rangsdorf
- Contribution to the RBB program Landschleicher on April 6, 2008
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population statistics January 2018 . General Gazette for Rangsdorf Groß Machnow Klein Kienitz, 22nd volume, number 4, from April 14, 2018 PDF .
- ↑ Change of the spelling of the name of the community Großmachnow. Announcement by the Minister of the Interior of February 21, 1995. Official Gazette for Brandenburg - Joint Ministerial Gazette for the State of Brandenburg, Volume 6, Number 23, March 29, 1995, p. 318.
- ↑ Main statutes of the Rangsdorf community ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook 2010 - Teltow-Fläming district, p. 29 PDF
- ↑ Enders and Beck (1976: pp. 169–172)
- ↑ Schlimpert (1972: pp. 130-132)
- ↑ Groß Machnow - A contribution to local history, part 2, p. 4ff.
- ^ Ingo Materna , Wolfgang Ribbe (ed.): Brandenburg history. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-05-002508-5 , p. 61
- ↑ Christoph Schilz: Shadow of the Germanic graves and settlement of the late Roman Empire in Groß Machnow, Teltow-Fläming district. Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg, 1999: 79–81, Stuttgart
- ↑ M.-J. Brather and U. Wiegmann, burial place for centuries. Different cultural influences in Groß Machnow, Lkr.Teltow-Fläming. Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg, 2007, pp. 89–91, Theiss-Verlag
- ↑ Ulrich Wiegmann: A multi-period site near Groß Machnow, lecture at the Teltow-Fläming Archaeological Conference 2008
- ↑ Gustaf Kossinna, Martin Jahn (ed.): News sheet for German prehistory . C. Kabitzsch, Leipzig 1932 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
- ↑ Excavations and Finds, 19/20: pp. 145, 148
- ↑ < Making Hidden Treasures Visible - Lectures at the Archaeologists' Day 2008 in Wünsdorf
- ↑ a b List of monuments of the State of Brandenburg Landkreis Teltow-Fläming PDF ( Memento of the original from May 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b Kansy (2009: p. 29ff)
- ↑ Map of Berlin and the surrounding area in 12 sheets, 1: 50,000, sheet X Zossen, Preußische Landesaufnahme 1901, corrected 1920 JPG image on Commons
- ↑ Natural monuments of the Teltow-Fläming district - Trees PDF ( Memento of the original from December 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Oscar Teichert: History of Vegetables. Hamburger Garten- und Blumenzeitung, 24: 86–89, 111–120, 153–160, 203–217, 294–300, 370–377, 417–422, 505–514, Hamburg 1863 (p. 508)
Groß Machnow (with the residential areas Fenne , Pramsdorf and Theresenhof ) | Klein Kienitz | Rangsdorf (core town)