Klein Kienitz
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Klein Kienitz
Community Rangsdorf
Coordinates: 52 ° 18 ′ 27 ″ N , 13 ° 28 ′ 55 ″ E
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| Height : | 42 m above sea level NN | |
| Area : | 4.47 km² | |
| Residents : | 175 (December 31, 2017) | |
| Population density : | 39 inhabitants / km² | |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1974 | |
| Postal code : | 15834 | |
| Area code : | 033708 | |
Location of Klein Kienitz in Brandenburg |
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Klein Kienitz is a district of the municipality Rangsdorf in the district of Teltow-Fläming ( Brandenburg ). Klein Kienitz was originally an independent village and only lost its independence in 1974 when it was incorporated into Rangsdorf.
Geographical location
Klein Kienitz is about five kilometers northeast of the center of Rangsdorf (church) and about one kilometer south of the Berliner Ring . The place can be reached directly from Rangsdorf via Kienitzer Strasse, Klein Kienitzer Strasse and Kienitzer Dorfstrasse. The L40 passes northeast of the town center. The district covers 447 hectares.
history
Early history
The district of Klein Kienitz has been visited by man since the Stone Age and the end of the last Ice Age. This is evidenced by Stone Age resting and work areas in the district. In 1993, a settlement site from the pre-Roman Iron Age (700–100 BC) was discovered in the Klein Kienitz district. In the vicinity of Klein Kienitz there is also a late migration period settlement from the 5th century (to the beginning of the 6th century).
In 1995/1996 excavations on the above-mentioned pre-Roman Iron Age settlement site discovered two settlement pits from the late Slavic period. The charred remains of wood date to the middle of the 12th century.
middle Ages
Klein Kienitz was first mentioned in a document in 1375 in Charles IV's land register . The addition of Klein to the name Kienitz ( parva Kinitz and Kynitz parva ) already appears in this document; to distinguish it from Groß Kienitz , only three kilometers away , which belongs to the municipality of Blankenfelde-Mahlow as a district . The name Kienitz is derived from the Polish Kyj 'nc or Kyjan-c (urslaw, root kyj = hammer, club). Another interpretation derives the name from Chynici (= people of a Chyn); So from a Slavic personal name Chyn. Against the latter interpretation, however, the objection is that the Slavic initial ch- was usually Germanised by the Middle Low German g-.
Due to the name and settlement geography of the Teltow, the village is certainly older than its first documented mention. According to the village type, it is a dead end village that has been deformed by manure formation.
When it was first mentioned in a document in 1375, the village had 30 hooves , of which the pastor had two hooves that were exempt from taxes ( parish hooves ). The annual taxes for 18 hooves were two shillings ( solidi ) interest , eight bushels of rye , eight bushels of oats and four bushels of barley for the lease ( pactum ) and 20 pfennigs ( denarii ) to Bede . Ten hooves paid the same interest, but only eight bushels of rye and eight bushels of oats in rent. Ten hooves did not have to pay a fee either; however, it is unclear whether it was the same ten hooves that paid the reduced rent. There were seven cottagers in the village. Each Kossät paid seven pfennigs and a chicken in taxes. The jug in the village had to pay eight shillings in interest. Klein Kienitz originally belonged to the Mittenwalde castle district . However, the Bede that originally had to be delivered to Mittenwalde Castle had now come into other hands. The manorial duties (interest and rent) also no longer went to the margrave ( dominus marchio nichil ibi ), but to various citizens and nobles from the area. Berchter and Wilhelm von Liepe ( de Lype ) received the rent and interest of 18 hooves, Claus Sunde together with a Bartholomäus von Mittenwalde received the dues of two hooves. A certain Selstrank (Seelstrang) received the charge of 20 hooves, as well as half a wispel of rye, this donation was a fief of Mittenwalde Castle. The right to the following taxes: he had bought four bushels of rye, four bushels of barley and four bushels of oats from a certain knight Falk (o), an advocate in Mittenwalde. Henning Honow and Henning Rutcher were the beneficiaries of the lease of four hooves, Tyle Glaze the recipients of part of the lease of two hooves, namely 15 bushels of oats and eight bushels of barley. The latter also took the interest of four shillings. A certain Dyreken had rent and interest of two hooves. The High Court and Lower Court exercised Berchter and William of Liepe. They were also entitled to the wagon services that the peasants had to do for the landlord.
In 1450 the spelling Lutken Parva appears . The village belonged to the von Liepe family until at least 1558. However, parts (half?) Had meanwhile come to the von Thümen family. In 1450 two hooves were desolate , in 1480 even three hooves were desolate. A mill had died before 1450. 25 hooves were subject to interest.
The von Milow family had also acquired property in the village before 1484. In 1548 this included a farm with six tax-exempt hooves, the taxes of a farm and the taxes of a farm. The von Schlaberndorf zu Beuthen family also participated in this ownership share . This part went to von Thümen after 1548.
Modern times
In 1541 the pastor still held two Pfarrhufen and two Ruggen Land. However, the von Liepe family had inherited two hooves and so the pastor should be “satisfied with the interest”. The income he was entitled to from a bushel of bushel grain and from the windmill had apparently been kept by Liepe for themselves. From 1558 to 1581, Mittelstraß zu Berlin owned the village that they had bought from the von Liepe and von Thümen families. They exercised the higher and lower judgment, were patron saints of the church and they were entitled to the services of the peasants. They also received the dues from six farms including the dues of the village jug, the miller, the kossaeteer and the shepherd. They also had a nobility seat with four, tax-free hooves. In 1581, Dr. Johann Köppen took possession of Mittelstaß.
Another part of the property had come from the von Thümen and Milow to the von Bettin family (also von Boytin ) by 1537 . In 1567 these were seven hooves exempt from taxes and free herding on the large meadow near Diedersdorf . From 1648 to 1683 this part was owned by von Schlabrendorf auf Löwenbruch and then passed into the possession of von der Gröben auf Löwenbruch, who owned it until the beginning of the 19th century.
Two other small property shares, which were limited to the receipt of hoof taxes, were owned by a Funke family from 1515 to 1709. The ownership share of the above Dyreke from 1375 can be found in the possession of the Dierecke zu Paretz family until 1620.
1624 are mentioned: eight hoppers, three kossaten with the miller, a shepherd with a shepherd servant and a blacksmith. There were four rulership hooves and another seven hooves that the v. Köppen belonged and were exempt from taxes. Two hooves lay desolate. The Thirty Years' War also seems to have hit Klein Kienitz hard, in 1652 only four farmers and five kossas lived in the village. In 1711 there were five farm workers, three farms, a miller, a shepherd, a shepherd and a servant living in Klein Kienitz. 17 hooves were still subject to tax. In 1731 the miller Johann Riewend zu Klein Kienitz is mentioned. In 1771 six gables (= houses) are mentioned, which were inhabited by three farmers and three kossas. There was also a windmill, the jug, a shepherd, a shepherd and a servant as well as the manor.
In 1801 there were 13 knight's hooves and 17 farmer's hooves in Klein Kienitz. The farmer's hooves were cultivated by six farmers. There was a windmill and a pitcher; the place had a total of 14 fire places (= households). In 1819 Max August von Köppen, a son of the above Dr. Johann Köppen. His widow, a von Bredow, married a lieutenant colonel von dem Knesebeck. In 1752 Friedrich Bogislav von Tauentzien married Charlotte, the daughter of vd Knesebeck and with that the village and the manor came into the possession of the v. Tauentzien. Today's manor house was built by them after 1752. In 1817 Klein Kienitz belonged to the Prussian Lieutenant General Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien . In 1821 the village and estate were sold to the bailiff Johann Friedrich Julius Dierecke.
Around 1850 Gustav Steffeck bought the village and estate. Later, an Eyssenhardt family has been passed down as owners. In 1883 it was connected to the "Berlin-Zossener Chaussee" (today's B 96); the dead end is today's K7237 (or Klein Kienitzer Straße). In 1899/1900 Klein Kienitz was connected to the Rixdorf-Mittenwalde railway line via the Brusendorf station, approx. 1 km east of the village center.
In 1905 the Wredeschen heirs came into the possession of the village and Gut Klein Kienitz. In 1928 the Klein Kienitz estate was merged with the community.
| year | Residents |
|---|---|
| 1375 | 120–150 (30 hooves, 7 hooves) |
| 1652 | 40–60 (4 hooves, 5 hoofs) |
| 1800 | 85 |
| 1933 | 176 |
| 1939 | 181 |
| 2008 | 158 |
Carl Wrede was the last owner of the estate until the end of the Second World War . In 1945, in the course of the land reform, 362 ha of manor land were expropriated and 333 ha were given to new farmers. On August 21, 1952, the LPG Klein Kienitz (LPG Type I) was founded with initially nine members. In 1954 it was converted into a Type III LPG; this already had 39 members and cultivated 230 hectares. In 1961 the LPG Klein Kienitz already had 56 members and cultivated 355 hectares of agricultural land. In 1973 the cooperative pork production was established together with the LPG's in Rangsdorfs and Groß Machnow. On April 1, 1974, Klein Kienitz lost its independence and was incorporated into Rangsdorf.
After the turning point in 1990, Dipl.-Ing. Christoph Wrede, a descendant of the last landowner Carl Wrede, bought back the Klein Kienitz manor house and former manor estates.
The development of the number of inhabitants can be seen in the table.
Culture and sights
Architectural monuments
The medieval village church of Klein Kienitz from around 1300 is a registered monument. It is a rectangular church building with a western roof tower from the Baroque period. A stepped pointed arch portal has been preserved on the south side, albeit a clogged one. The west portal in the vestibule should also still belong to the original inventory. The windows are all changed, but z. Some traces of the older, clogged windows can still be seen. The interior is characterized by a renovation from 1739. The altar, the pulpit and the stalls on both sides of the altar date from this period. The parish chairs, on the other hand, date from the 19th century. Two sandstone epitaphs from 1712 and 1715 and a children's tombstone from 1603, which are placed in the church, are remarkable.
Soil monuments
The list of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, Teltow-Fläming district of December 30th, 2009 lists 14 soil monuments , a resting and working area from the Stone Age, a Neolithic settlement, several settlements and a burial ground from the Bronze Age, an Iron Age settlement, several settlements from the Roman Empire, several Slavic settlements and the village center from the German Middle Ages.
Natural monuments
The list of monuments of the Teltow-Fläming district shows two natural monuments, two yews in the estate park and a hollow landscape, the so-called "Hohle Feld", approx. 1.1 km north of the village church.
manor
The manor house was built around 1800 on the initiative of Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien . Initially, the building was possibly only one-story and was later extended and a tower added. In 1902 a two-story building with a hipped gable roof was built. After the Second World War, the manor house was taken over by the municipality, who rented it out to several families as a residential building. The tower was demolished after 1945. The Wrede family took over the manor house in the mid-1990s, renovated it and had the attic expanded. It is not a listed building.
literature
- Lieselott Enders and Margot Beck: Historical local dictionary for Brandenburg part IV Teltow. 396 p., Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1976.
- Stefan Pratsch: Charred wooden fixtures. Two late Slavic pits from Klein Kienitz, Teltow-Fläming district. Archeology in Berlin and Brandenburg, 1995–1996: 91–92, Stuttgart 1997 ISBN 3-8062-1331-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population statistics January 2018 . General Gazette for Rangsdorf Groß Machnow Klein Kienitz, 22nd volume, number 4, from April 14, 2018 PDF .
- ↑ 13th edition of the statistical yearbook of the Teltow-Fläming district, 2006 (PDF). P. 26: Area and population: 2.1 Area, population and population density of the offices, cities and municipalities as well as their districts.
- ↑ Finds from the Iron Age. Klein Kienitz website.
- ^ Excavations and finds. Vol. 19, 1974, Issue 1–4, pp. 145–46 (Ed. Central Institute for Ancient History and Archeology).
- ^ Gerhard Schlimpert: Brandenburg name book part 3: The place names of the Teltow. Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 1972.
- ↑ Historical local dictionary. Pp. 124-25.
- ^ Hubert Otto: Brandenburg grain millers and mill master. In: Archives for kin research. Vol. 39, 1973, Issue 49, pp. 65-72.
- ^ Olaf Thiede and Jörg Wacker: Chronology of Potsdam and the surrounding area - the cultural landscape from 800 to 1918; Brandenburg, Potsdam, Berlin. Vol. 3: Events, Buildings. Rüss, Potsdam 2007, pp. 825-1305, ISBN 978-3-00-021100-3 and ISBN 3-00-021100-4 .
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ↑ a b List of monuments of the state of Brandenburg, Teltow-Fläming district. Status: December 31, 2016 (PDF).
- ↑ Georg Dehio (editor Gerhard Vinken and others): Handbook of the German Art Monuments Brandenburg. Deutscher Kunstverlag 2000, ISBN 3-422-03054-9 .
- ↑ Ordinances on the establishment of natural monuments in the Teltow-Fläming district of April 27, 2015. In: Official Journal for the Teltow-Fläming district. 16/2015, pp. 27, 58.
- ↑ Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß: The manor houses and manors in the Teltow-Fläming district , Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte, 1st edition, November 29, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , p. 116ff.
Web links
Groß Machnow (with the residential areas Fenne , Pramsdorf and Theresenhof ) | Klein Kienitz | Rangsdorf (core town)