Großmachnow vineyard

Großmachnow vineyard IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
Großmachnow vineyard
location	Brandenburg , Germany
surface	12.89 hectares
WDPA ID	555519096
Geographical location	52 ° 16 '  N , 13 ° 30'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 16 '1 "  N , 13 ° 30' 12"  E
Setup date	June 13, 1936

The Großmachnower Weinberg is a 12.89  hectare nature reserve in the Teltow-Fläming district in Brandenburg .

Location and history

The nature reserve is located in the south of the edge region Teltow at the transition to the northern edge of the Nuthe - Notte -Niederung and there in the southeastern part of the district of the municipality Rangsdorf . The elevation is 76.5 m high at its highest point and arose from a terminal moraine . To the north is the residential area Fenne , further north is the eponymous district of Groß Machnow . In the west, the nature reserve is bounded by the Pramsdorf municipality , while the town of Mittenwalde adjoins it in the east and south . The Zülow Canal flows south past the vineyard.

The elevation got its name from viticulture , which has been practiced for centuries since the Middle Ages. In the 19th and 20th In the 19th century, gravel was also mined on the southern slope. After viticulture was given up, farmers kept sheep on the slopes. They prevented forest from growing again on the open areas and a species-rich steppe flora developed . As early as 1936, the area was one of the first in Brandenburg to be declared a nature reserve. However, afforestation meant that light-loving species were increasingly displaced. A further complicating factor was that fertilizer was introduced due to the adjacent intensive agriculture. The dry, lime-rich sandy lawns and the old, acidic oak forests on sandy plains with English oaks were decisive for classification as an FFH area .

In 2005 a work camp took place where hiking trails were laid out and signposts, benches and information boards were set up. In 2012 the nature reserve became part of the 18,018 hectare landscape protection area Notte-Niederung.

Flora and fauna

View from the summit in south direction

Around 87 percent of the area is forested. There thrive particular acidophilous oak forests and the bent grass and milkweed , while in the forests mainly pine trees grow and deciduous trees. In the area there are still three areas with a base-rich dry grassland , which take up around 12.5 percent of the area. At the top with an area accounting for 0.3 percent grow tall herb corridors . The steppe timothy grass , the pasque flower as well as glue herbs and fescue grow on the former open areas on the southern slope . The scented scabies and the spicy speedwell as well as the blood-red cranesbill are particularly rare . The stocks of oak are described in a management plan of the Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture of the State of Brandenburg as "regionally unique" and are probably "the only occurrence in the southern Mittelmark".

Use, condition and development

The majority of the forest is owned by a nature conservation organization; four other areas are privately owned. In the area of hunting is deer and wild boar instead. Designated hiking trails are aimed at walkers.

In the past, numerous maintenance measures were carried out, including the exemption of the dry sandy lawn or the removal of neobiota such as the late-blooming bird cherry . Trees were planted on the edge of the area as a compensatory measure for the construction of Berlin Brandenburg Airport .

In an action plan from 2017, the condition of the sand lawn is described as "unfavorable". Experts recommend removing bushes from the dry grassland and heather and mowing regularly . In addition, suitable barriers should protect rare or endangered species. The condition of the oak forests was much better, it was described as "good". Local tree species should be introduced here, while non-native shrubs should be removed. Leaving as well as increasing standing and lying dead wood was also recommended as sensible; the same applied to biotope trees .

literature

• Ministry for Rural Development, Environment and Agriculture of the State of Brandenburg (Ed.): Management plan for the FFH area Großmachnower Weinberg , short version, 2018, p. 14.

Web links

Commons : Großmachnower Weinberg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

• Großmachnower Weinberg , Natura 2000 Brandenburg website, accessed on June 22, 2019.